Subspecific affinities and conservation genetics of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) at the edge of their distributional range
S.J. Smith, David M. Leslie Jr., M.J. Hamilton, Justin B. Lack, Ronald A. Van Den Bussche
2008, Journal of Mammalogy (89) 799-814
Subspecific affinities, determination of population boundaries, and levels of population connectedness are of critical importance for the development of management and conservation planning. We used variation at a mitochondrial locus and 5 biparentally inherited nuclear loci to determine partitioning of genetic variation of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii) within and...
Forage fish of the Pacific Rim as revealed by diet of a piscivorous seabird: Synchrony and relationships with sea surface temperature
J.A. Thayer, D.F. Bertram, Scott A. Hatch, M.J. Hipfner, L. Slater, W.J. Sydeman, Y. Watanuki
2008, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (65) 1610-1622
We tested the hypothesis of synchronous interannual changes in forage fish dynamics around the North Pacific Rim. To do this, we sampled forage fish communities using a seabird predator, the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata), at six coastal study sites from Japan to California. We investigated whether take of...
Observation and prediction of dynamic ground strains, tilts, and torsions caused by the Mw 6.0 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake and aftershocks, derived from UPSAR array observations
P. Spudich, Joe B. Fletcher
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 1898-1914
The 28 September 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake (Mw 6.0) and four aftershocks (Mw 4.7-5.1) were recorded on 12 accelerograph stations of the U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield seismic array (UPSAR), an array of three-component accelerographs occupying an area of about 1 km2 located 8.8 km from the San Andreas fault. Peak...
Real-time PCR detection and quantification of nine potential sources of fecal contamination by analysis of mitochondrial Cytochrome b targets
W. B. Schill, M.V. Mathes
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 5229-5234
We designed and tested real-time PCR probe/primer sets to detect and quantify Cytochrome b sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from nine vertebrate species of pet (dog), farm (cow, chicken, sheep, horse, pig), wildlife (Canada goose, white-tailed deer), and human. Linear ranges of the assays were from 101 to 108 copies/??l....
Associations of multi-decadal sea-surface temperature variability with US drought
G.J. McCabe, J.L. Betancourt, S.T. Gray, M.A. Palecki, H.G. Hidalgo
2008, Quaternary International (188) 31-40
Recent research suggests a link between drought occurrence in the conterminous United States (US) and sea surface temperature (SST) variability in both the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans on decadal to multidecadal (D2M) time scales. Results show that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is the most consistent indicator of...
North polar region of Mars: Advances in stratigraphy, structure, and erosional modification
Kenneth L. Tanaka, J. Alexis P. Rodriguez, James A. Skinner, Mary C. Bourke, Corey M. Fortezzo, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Eric J. Kolb, Chris Okubo
2008, Icarus (196) 318-358
We have remapped the geology of the north polar plateau on Mars, Planum Boreum, and the surrounding plains of Vastitas Borealis using altimetry and image data along with thematic maps resulting from observations made by the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. New and revised geographic and...
Utilization of protein expression profiles as indicators of environmental impairment of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from the Shenandoah River, Virginia, USA
J. Ripley, L. Iwanowicz, V. Blazer, C. Foran
2008, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (27) 1756-1767
The Shenandoah River (VA, USA), the largest tributary of the Potomac River (MD, USA) and an important source of drinking water, has been the site of extensive fish kills since 2004. Previous investigations indicate environmental stressors may be adversely modulating the immune system of smallmouth bass...
Global daily reference evapotranspiration modeling and evaluation
G.B. Senay, J. P. Verdin, R. Lietzow, Assefa M. Melesse
2008, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (44) 969-979
Accurate and reliable evapotranspiration (ET) datasets are crucial in regional water and energy balance studies. Due to the complex instrumentation requirements, actual ET values are generally estimated from reference ET values by adjustment factors using coefficients for water stress and vegetation conditions, commonly referred to as crop coefficients. Until recently,...
Use of complex hydraulic variables to predict the distribution and density of unionids in a side channel of the Upper Mississippi River
J. J. Steuer, T.J. Newton, S. J. Zigler
2008, Hydrobiologia (610) 67-82
Previous attempts to predict the importance of abiotic and biotic factors to unionids in large rivers have been largely unsuccessful. Many simple physical habitat descriptors (e.g., current velocity, substrate particle size, and water depth) have limited ability to predict unionid density. However, more recent studies have found that complex hydraulic...
Reactive flow models of the Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Red Dog district, Alaska
C. Schardt, G. Garven, K.D. Kelley, D. L. Leach
2008, Mineralium Deposita (43) 735-757
The Red Dog ore deposit district in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska is host to several high-grade, shale-hosted Zn + Pb deposits. Due to the complex history and deformation of these ore deposits, the geological and hydrological conditions at the time of formation are poorly understood. Using geological observations...
Maximizing detection probability of Wetland-dependent birds during point-count surveys in northwestern Florida
C.P. Nadeau, C.J. Conway, B.S. Smith, T.E. Lewis
2008, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (120) 513-518
We conducted 262 call-broadcast point-count surveys (1-6 replicate surveys on each of 62 points) using standardized North American Marsh Bird Monitoring Protocols between 31 May and 7 July 2006 on St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge, an island off the northwest coast of Florida. We conducted double-blind multiple-observer surveys, paired morning...
The arctic water resource vulnerability index: An integrated assessment tool for community resilience and vulnerability with respect to freshwater
L. Alessa, A. Kliskey, R. Lammers, C. Arp, D. White, L. Hinzman, R. Busey
2008, Environmental Management (42) 523-541
People in the Arctic face uncertainty in their daily lives as they contend with environmental changes at a range of scales from local to global. Freshwater is a critical resource to people, and although water resource indicators have been developed that operate from regional to global scales and for midlatitude...
Geochemical evidence for hydroclimatic variability over the last 2460 years from Crevice Lake in Yellowstone National Park, USA
L.R. Stevens, W.E. Dean
2008, Quaternary International (188) 139-148
A 2460-year-long hydroclimatic record for Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Montana was constructed from the ??18O values of endogenic carbonates. The ??18O record is compared to the Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index (PHDI) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) indices, as well as inferred discharge of the Yellowstone River. During the last...
Patch-reef morphology as a proxy for Holocene sea-level variability, Northern Florida Keys, USA
J. C. Brock, M. Palaseanu-Lovejoy, C. W. Wright, A. Nayegandhi
2008, Coral Reefs (27) 555-568
A portion of the northern Florida Keys reef tract was mapped with the NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) and the morphology of patch reefs was related to variations in Holocene sea level. Following creation of a lidar digital elevation model (DEM), geospatial analyses delineated morphologic attributes of 1,034...
Aquatic insect ecophysiological traits reveal phylogenetically based differences in dissolved cadmium susceptibility
D.B. Buchwalter, D.J. Cain, C.A. Martin, Lingtian Xie, S. N. Luoma, T. Garland Jr.
2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (105) 8321-8326
We used a phylogenetically based comparative approach to evaluate the potential for physiological studies to reveal patterns of diversity in traits related to susceptibility to an environmental stressor, the trace metal cadmium (Cd). Physiological traits related to Cd bioaccumulation, compartmentalization, and ultimately susceptibility were measured in 21 aquatic insect species...
The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments
B.A. Pellerin, W. M. Wollheim, X. Feng, C.J. Vororsmarty
2008, Hydrological Processes (22) 1810-1818
Two-component hydrograph separation was performed on 19 low-to-moderate intensity rainfall events in a 4.1-km2 urban watershed to infer the relative and absolute contribution of surface runoff (e.g. new water) to stormflow generation between 2001 and 2003. The electrical conductivity (EC) of water was used as a continuous and inexpensive tracer,...
Host mating system and the spread of a disease-resistant allele in a population
D.L. DeAngelis, Jennifer M. Koslow, J. Jiang, S. Ruan
2008, Theoretical Population Biology (74) 191-198
The model presented here modifies a susceptible-infected (SI) host-pathogen model to determine the influence of mating system on the outcome of a host-pathogen interaction. Both deterministic and stochastic (individual-based) versions of the model were used. This model considers the potential consequences of varying mating systems on the rate of spread...
Hydrated silicate minerals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM instrument
J.F. Mustard, S.L. Murchie, S.M. Pelkey, B.L. Ehlmann, R.E. Milliken, J. A. Grant, J.-P. Bibring, F. Poulet, J. Bishop, E. N. Dobrea, L. Roach, F. Seelos, R. E. Arvidson, S. Wiseman, R. Green, C. Hash, D. Humm, E. Malaret, J.A. McGovern, K. Seelos, T. Clancy, R. Clark, D. des Marais, N. Izenberg, A. Knudson, Y. Langevin, T. Martin, P. McGuire, Robert Morris, M. Robinson, T. Roush, M. Smith, G. Swayze, H. Taylor, T. Titus, M. Wolff
2008, Nature (454) 305-309
Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous mineral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activitié) instrument1,<a id="ref-link-abstract-2" title="Poulet, F. et...
Comparison of two U.S. power-plant carbon dioxide emissions data sets
K.V. Ackerman, E.T. Sundquist
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 5688-5693
Estimates of fossil-fuel CO2 emissions are needed to address a variety of climate-change mitigation concerns over a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. We compared two data sets that report power-plant CO 2 emissions in the conterminous U.S. for 2004, the most recent year reported in both data sets....
Low-density geochemical mapping and the robustness of geochemical patterns
D. B. Smith, C. Reimann
2008, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (8) 219-227
Geochemical mapping of entire continents and, ultimately, the world is still a challenge for applied geochemists. At sample densities traditionally used for geochemical exploration (1 site per 1-25 km2), geochemical mapping of whole continents is logistically extremely demanding and tremendously expensive. The first low-density geochemical surveys (1 site per 200...
On developing thermal cave detection techniques for earth, the moon and mars
J. Judson Wynne, Timothy N. Titus, Guillermo Chong Diaz
2008, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (272) 240-250
The purpose of this study is to (1) demonstrate the viability of detecting terrestrial caves at thermal-infrared wavelengths, (2) improve our understanding of terrestrial cave thermal behavior, (3) identify times of day when cave openings have the maximum thermal contrast with the surrounding surface regolith, and (4) further our understanding...
Movement patterns and study area boundaries: Influences on survival estimation in capture-mark-recapture studies
G.E. Horton, B. H. Letcher
2008, Oikos (117) 1131-1142
The inability to account for the availability of individuals in the study area during capture-mark-recapture (CMR) studies and the resultant confounding of parameter estimates can make correct interpretation of CMR model parameter estimates difficult. Although important advances based on the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model have resulted in estimators of true survival...
The wister mud pot lineament: Southeastward extension or abandoned strand of the San Andreas fault?
D.K. Lynch, K.W. Hudnut
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 1720-1729
We present the results of a survey of mud pots in the Wister Unit of the Imperial Wildlife Area. Thirty-three mud pots, pot clusters, or related geothermal vents (hundreds of pots in all) were identified, and most were found to cluster along a northwest-trending line that is more or less...
Data-resolution matrix and model-resolution matrix for Rayleigh-wave inversion using a damped least-squares method
J. Xia, R. D. Miller, Y. Xu
2008, Pure and Applied Geophysics (165) 1227-1248
Inversion of multimode surface-wave data is of increasing interest in the near-surface geophysics community. For a given near-surface geophysical problem, it is essential to understand how well the data, calculated according to a layered-earth model, might match the observed data. A data-resolution matrix is a function of the data kernel...
Viability and fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm from three North American acipenseriform species: A retrospective study
A. Horvath, W.R. Wayman, J.C. Dean, B. Urbanyi, T.R. Tiersch, S.D. Mims, D. Johnson, J.A. Jenkins
2008, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (24) 443-449
Populations of sturgeon across the globe are threatened due to unregulated harvest and habitat loss, and the status varies among species across North America. Ready access to viable and functional sperm would contribute to recovery programmes for these species. In this study, we examined the motility, viability (cell membrane integrity)...
