Effects of weather on survival in populations of boreal toads in Colorado
R. D. Scherer, E. Muths, B.A. Lambert
2008, Journal of Herpetology (42) 508-517
Understanding the relationships between animal population demography and the abiotic and biotic elements of the environments in which they live is a central objective in population ecology. For example, correlations between weather variables and the probability of survival in populations of temperate zone amphibians may be broadly applicable to several...
Numerical modeling of higher order magnetic moments in UXO discrimination
V. Sanchez, L. Yaoguo, M.N. Nabighian, D.L. Wright
2008, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (46) 2568-2583
The surface magnetic anomaly observed in unexploded ordnance (UXO) clearance is mainly dipolar, and consequently, the dipole is the only magnetic moment regularly recovered in UXO discrimination. The dipole moment contains information about the intensity of magnetization but lacks information about the shape of the target. In contrast, higher order...
Multi-proxy evidence for Late Pleistocene-Holocene climatic and environmental changes in Lop-Nur, Xinjiang, Northwest China
C. Luo, D. Yang, Z. Peng, Z. Zhang, L. Weiguo, J. He, C. Zhou
2008, Chinese Journal of Geochemistry (27) 257-264
A 10.35-m-long sediment core from the Luobei depression in Lop-Nur, Xinjiang, Northwest China, provides detailed information about environmental changes during the Late Pleistocene. The samples taken every 5 cm of the core were analyzed for 10 environmental proxies, including magnetic susceptibility, granularity, chroma, carbonate and loss on ignition (LOI), and...
A 2650-year-long record of environmental change from northern Yellowstone National Park based on a comparison of multiple proxy data
C. Whitlock, W. Dean, J. Rosenbaum, L. Stevens, S. Fritz, B. Bracht, M. Power
2008, Quaternary International (188) 126-138
Geochemical, stable-isotope, pollen, charcoal, and diatom records were analyzed at high-resolution in cores obtained from Crevice Lake, a varved-sediment lake in northern Yellowstone National Park. The objective was to reconstruct the ecohydrologic, vegetation, and fire history of the watershed for the last 2650 years to better understand past climate variations...
Soil nitrogen accretion along a floodplain terrace chronosequence in northwest Alaska: Influence of the nitrogen-fixing shrub Shepherdia canadensis
Charles Rhoades, Dan Binkley, Hlynur Oskarsson, Robert Stottlemyer
2008, Écoscience (15) 223-230
Nitrogen enters terrestrial ecosystems through multiple pathways during primary succession. We measured accumulation of total soil nitrogen and changes in inorganic nitrogen (N) pools across a 300-y sequence of river terraces in northwest Alaska and assessed the contribution of the nitrogen-fixing shrub Shepherdia canadensis. Our work compared 5 stages of floodplain...
Ocean wavenumber estimation from wave-resolving time series imagery
N.G. Plant, K. T. Holland, M.C. Haller
2008, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (46) 2644-2658
We review several approaches that have been used to estimate ocean surface gravity wavenumbers from wave-resolving remotely sensed image sequences. Two fundamentally different approaches that utilize these data exist. A power spectral density approach identifies wavenumbers where image intensity variance is maximized. Alternatively, a cross-spectral correlation approach identifies wavenumbers where...
Physical rock properties in and around a conduit zone by well-logging in the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project, Japan
R. Ikeda, T. Kajiwara, K. Omura, S. Hickman
2008, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (175) 13-19
The objective of the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project (USDP) is not only to reveal the structure and eruption history of the Unzen volcano but also to clarify the ascent and degassing mechanisms of the magma conduit. Conduit drilling (USDP-4) was conducted in 2004, which targeted the magma conduit for the...
Structure, stratigraphy, and origin of Husband Hill, Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater, Mars
T.J. McCoy, M. Sims, M.E. Schmidt, L. Edwards, L.L. Tornabene, L.S. Crumpler, B. A. Cohen, L.A. Soderblom, D.L. Blaney, S. W. Squyres, R. E. Arvidson, J.W. Rica, E. Treguier, C. d’Uston, J. A. Grant, H.Y. McSween, M.P. Golombek, A. F. C. Haldemann, P.A. de Souza
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (113)
The strike and dip of lithologic units imaged in stereo by the Spirit rover in the Columbia Hills using three-dimensional imaging software shows that measured dips (15-32??) for bedding on the main edifice of the Columbia Hill are steeper than local topography (???8-10??). Outcrops measured on West Spur are conformable...
Habitat use of juvenile pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon with implications for water-level management in a downstream reservoir
Paul C. Gerrity, C.S. Guy, W.M. Gardner
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 832-843
Natural recruitment of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus has not been observed in the Missouri River above Fort Peck Reservoir, Montana, for at least 20 years. To augment the population, age-1 hatchery-reared juvenile pallid sturgeon were released in 1998. The objective of this study was to evaluate the habitat use of...
Response of fish populations to natural channel design restoration in streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York
Barry P. Baldigo, D.R. Warren, A.G. Ernst, C.I. Mulvihill
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 954-969
Many streams and rivers throughout North America have been extensively straightened, widened, and hardened since the middle 1800s, but related effects on aquatic ecosystems have seldom been monitored, described, or published. Beginning in the early 1990s, reach-level restoration efforts began to base projects on natural channel design (NCD) techniques and...
Mars north polar deposits: stratigraphy, age, and geodynamical response
R.J. Phillips, M.T. Zuber, S.E. Smrekar, M. T. Mellon, J.W. Head, K. L. Tanaka, N.E. Putzig, S.M. Milkovich, B.A. Campbell, J.J. Plaut, A. Safaeinili, R. Seu, D. Biccari, L.M. Carter, G. Picardi, R. Orosei, Mohit P. Surdas, E. Heggy, R.W. Zurek, A.F. Egan, E. Giacomoni, F. Russo, M. Cutigni, E. Pettinelli, J.W. Holt, C.J. Leuschen, L. Marinangeli
2008, Science (320) 1182-1185
The Shallow Radar (SHARAD) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has imaged the internal stratigraphy of the north polar layered deposits of Mars. Radar reflections within the deposits reveal a laterally continuous deposition of layers, which typically consist of four packets of finely spaced reflectors separated by homogeneous interpacket regions of...
Does the use of vaginal-implant transmitters affect neonate survival rate of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus?
C. C. Swanson, J.A. Jenks, C.S. DePerno, R. W. Klaver, R. G. Osborn, J.A. Tardiff
2008, Wildlife Biology (14) 272-279
We compared survival of neonate white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus captured using vaginal-implant transmitters (VITs) and traditional ground searches to determine if capture method affects neonate survival. During winter 2003, 14 adult female radio-collared deer were fitted with VITs to aid in the spring capture of neonates; neonates were captured using VITs (N=14)...
Climate-induced variations of geyser periodicity in Yellowstone National Park, USA
Shaul Hurwitz, Ashish Kumar, Ralph Taylor, Henry Heasler
2008, Geology (36) 451-454
The geysers of Yellowstone National Park, United States, attract millions of visitors each year, and their eruption dynamics have been the subject of extensive research for more than a century. Although many of the fundamental aspects associated with the dynamics of geyser eruptions have been elucidated, the relationship between external...
Infiltration from an impoundment for coal‐bed natural gas, Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Evolution of water and sediment chemistry
Richard W. Healy, Cynthia A. Rice, Timothy T. Bartos, Michael P. McKinley
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
Development of coal‐bed natural gas (CBNG) in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, has increased substantially in recent years. Among environmental concerns associated with this development is the fate of groundwater removed with the gas. A preferred water‐management option is storage in surface impoundments. As of January 2007, permits for more...
Satellite-derived aerosol radiative forcing from the 2004 British Columbia wildfires
Song Guo, H. Leighton
2008, Atmosphere - Ocean (46) 203-212
The British Columbia wildfires of 2004 was one of the largest wildfire events in the last ten years in Canada. Both the shortwave and longwave smoke aerosol radiative forcing at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) are investigated using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Clouds and the Earth's...
Landslide hazard mitigation in North America
G. F. Wieczorek, P.P. Leahy
2008, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (14) 133-144
Active landslides throughout the states and territories of the United States result in extensive property loss and 25-50 deaths per year. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a long history of detailed examination of landslides since the work of Howe (1909) in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado. In the...
Paleoclimatic significance of chemical weathering in loess-derived paleosols of subarctic central Alaska
D.R. Muhs, T. A. Ager, G. Skipp, J. Beann, J. Budahn, J. P. McGeehin
2008, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (40) 396-411
Chemical weathering in soils has not been studied extensively in high-latitude regions. Loess sequences with modern soils and paleosols are present in much of subarctic Alaska, and allow an assessment of present and past chemical weathering. Five sections were studied in detail in the Fairbanks, Alaska, area. Paleosols likely date...
Spatial and temporal variability in sedimentation rates associated with cutoff channel infill deposits: Ain River, France
H. Piégay, C.R. Hupp, A. Citterio, S. Dufour, B. Moulin, D.E. Walling
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
Floodplain development is associated with lateral accretion along stable channel geometry. Along shifting rivers, the floodplain sedimentation is more complex because of changes in channel position but also cutoff channel presence, which exhibit specific overflow patterns. In this contribution, the spatial and temporal variability of sedimentation rates in cutoff channel...
Contaminant levels in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and their diets from Missouri coldwater hatcheries
M.J. McKee, G.B. Kromrey, T.W. May, C.E. Orazio
2008, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (80) 450-454
Organochlorine and metal contaminants often occur in commercial fish diets and can accumulate in fish to levels of concern for human consumption. Contaminant levels were investigated in diet and rainbow trout fillets from Missouri coldwater hatcheries used in 'put and take' fisheries. The average fillet:diet ratio was <0.1 for lead...
Method for estimating spatially variable seepage loss and hydraulic conductivity in intermittent and ephemeral streams
R.G. Niswonger, David E. Prudic, G.E. Fogg, David A. Stonestrom, E.M. Buckland
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
A method is presented for estimating seepage loss and streambed hydraulic conductivity along intermittent and ephemeral streams using streamflow front velocities in initially dry channels. The method uses the kinematic wave equation for routing streamflow in channels coupled to Philip's equation for infiltration. The coupled model considers variations in seepage...
Soil sedimentology at Gusev Crater from Columbia Memorial Station to Winter Haven
N.A. Cabrol, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, R. Greeley, E.A. Grin, C. Schroder, C. d’Uston, C. Weitz, R.A. Yingst, B. A. Cohen, Jeff Moore, A. Knudson, B. Franklin, R. C. Anderson, R. Li
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (113)
A total of 3140 individual particles were examined in 31 soils along Spirit's traverse. Their size, shape, and texture were quantified and classified. They represent a unique record of 3 years of sedimentologic exploration from landing to sol 1085 covering the Plains Unit to Winter Haven where Spirit spent the...
Distribution of glacial deposits, soils, and permafrost in Taylor Valley, Antarctica
James G. Bockheim, M.L. Prentice, M. McLeod
2008, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (40) 279-286
We provide a map of lower and central Taylor Valley, Antarctica, that shows deposits from Taylor Glacier, local alpine glaciers, and grounded ice in the Ross Embayment. From our electronic database, which includes 153 sites from the coast 50 km upvalley to Pearse Valley, we show the distribution of permafrost...
Blood parasites in Owls with conservation implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis)
H.D. Ishak, J.P. Dumbacher, N.L. Anderson, J.J. Keane, G. Valkiunas, S. M. Haig, L.A. Tell, R.N.M. Sehgal
2008, PLoS ONE (3)
The three subspecies of Spotted Owl (Northern, Strix occidentalis courina; California, S. o. occidentalis; and Mexican, S. o. lucida) are all threatened by habitat loss and range expansion of the Barred Owl (S. varia). An unaddressed threat is whether Barred Owls could be a source of novel strains of disease...
Paleoseismic targets, seismic hazard, and urban areas in the Central and Eastern United States
R. L. Wheeler
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 1572-1580
Published geologic information from the central and eastern United States identifies 83 faults, groups of sand blows, named seismic zones, and other geological features as known or suspected products of Quaternary tectonic faulting. About one fifth of the features are known to contain faulted Quaternary materials or seismically induced liquefaction...
Flow unit modeling and fine-scale predicted permeability validation in Atokan sandstones: Norcan East Kansas
S. Bhattacharya, A.P. Byrnes, W.L. Watney, J.H. Doveton
2008, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (92) 709-732
Characterizing the reservoir interval into flow units is an effective way to subdivide the net-pay zone into layers for reservoir simulation. Commonly used flow unit identification techniques require a reliable estimate of permeability in the net pay on a foot-by-foot basis. Most of the wells do not have cores, and...
