The effect of sulfate on aluminum concentrations in natural waters: some stability relations in the system Al2O3-SO3-H2O at 298 K
D. Kirk Nordstrom
1982, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (46) 681-692
While gibbsite and kaolinite solubilities usually regulate aluminum concentrations in natural waters, the presence of sulfate can dramatically alter these solubilities under acidic conditions, where other, less soluble minerals can control the aqueous geochemistry of aluminum. The likely candidates include alunogen, Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O, alunite, KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6, jurbanite, Al(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O, and...
Ice rafting of fine-grained sediment, a sorting and transport mechanism, Beaufort Sea, Alaska
P. W. Barnes, E. Reimnitz, D. Fox
1982, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (52) 493-502
The presence of turbid, sediment-rich fast ice in the Arctic is a major factor affecting transport of fine-grained sediment. Turbid ice was found to be present in a zone 10 to 20 km wide along the coast of the Beaufort Sea. Sediment concentrations...
Sediment deposition in a flood retention structure after two record floods in southwestern Wisconsin.
P.A. Kammerer Jr., W. G. Batten
1982, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (37) 302-304
Sediment deposited in a flood-control structure was measured after record floods in SW Wisconsin on June 17 and June 30-July 1, 1978. The structure is in the Driftless Area, where high relief, erodible soils, and land use contribute to high soil losses. The two floods deposited 4.1 acre-ft of sediment...
International geomagnetic reference field 1980: a report by IAGA Division I working group.
N.W. Peddie
1982, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society (68) 265-268
Describes the recommendations of the working group, which suggested additions to IGRF because of the cumulative effect of the inevitable uncertainties in the secular variation models which had led to unacceptable inaccuracies in the IGRF by the late 1970's. The recommendations were accepted by the International Association of Geomagnetism and...
Leaching of radionuclides from uranium ore and mill tailings ( Ra- 226, Tn-230).
E. R. Landa
1982, Uranium (1) 53-63
The major part of the extractable uranium is associated with a readily acid-soluble fraction in both ore and tailings. The major part of the extractable 226Ra was associated with an iron, manganese hydrous-oxide fraction in the ore and tailings. Thorium-230 was the least leachable of the radionuclides studied. The major...
Introduction: seismology and earthquake engineering in Mexico and Central and South America.
A. F. Espinosa
1982, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (14) 4-6
The results from seismological studies that are used by the engineering community are just one of the benefits obtained from research aimed at mitigating the earthquake hazard. In this issue of Earthquake Information Bulletin current programs in seismology and earthquake engineering, seismic networks, future plans and some of the cooperative...
Bank stability and channel width adjustment, East Fork River, Wyoming
E.D. Andrews
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 1184-1192
Frequent surveys of eight cross sections located in self-formed reaches of the East Fork River, Wyoming, during the 1974 snowmelt flood showed a close relation between channel morphology and scour and fill. Those cross sections narrower than the mean reach width filled at discharges less than bankfull and scoured at...
Chemistry and isotope ratios of sulfur in basalts and volcanic gases at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii
H. Sakai, T. J. Casadevall, J.G. Moore
1982, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (46) 729-738
Eighteen basalts and some volcanic gases from the submarine and subaerial parts of Kilauea volcano were analyzed for the concentration and isotope ratios of sulfur. By means of a newly developed technique, sulfide and sulfate sulfur in the basalts were separately but simultaneously determined. The submarine basalt has 700 ±...
Determination of lithium isotopes at natural abundance levels by atomic absorption spectrometry
A. L. Meier
1982, Analytical Chemistry (54) 2158-2161
The relationships of the absorption of 6Li and 7Li hollow cathode lamp emissions are used to determine lithium isotopic composition in the natural abundance range of geologic materials. Absorption was found to have a nonlinear dependence upon total lithium concentration and isotopic composition. A method using nonlinear equations to describe...
Cretaceous biostratigraphy in the Wyoming thrust belt.
D. J. Nichols, S.R. Jacobson
1982, Mountain Geologist (19) 73-78
In the Cretaceous section of the thrust belt, fossils are especially useful for dating and correlating repetitive facies of different ages in structurally complex terrain. The biostratigraphic zonation for the region is based on megafossils (chiefly ammonites) , which permit accurate dating and correlation of outcrop sections, and which have...
Distribution of gas-charged sediment in Norton Sound and Chirikov Basin.
M.L. Holmes, D.R. Thor
1982, Geologie en Mijnbouw (61) 79-89
Numerous zone of anomalous acoustic resonses caused by gas in the subsurface sediment layers have been detected on seismic reflection records from Norton Sound and Chirikov Basin. The frequency and distribution of these zones suggest that as much as 7000km2 of the northeastern Bering Sea may be underlain by gas-charged...
Space platform albedo measurements as indicators of change in arid lands
C.J. Robinove
1982, Advances in Space Research (2) 31-35
The change in albedo of arid lands is an indicator of changes in their condition and quality, including density of vegetative cover, erosion, deposition, surficial soil moisture, and man-made change. In general, darkening of an arid land surface indicates an increase in land quality while brightening indicates a decrease in...
An improved method for the determination of trace levels of arsenic and antimony in geological materials by automated hydride generation–Atomic absorption spectroscopy
J.G. Crock, F.E. Lichte
1982, Analytica Chimica Acta (144) 223-233
An improved, automated method for the determination of arsenic and antimony in geological materials is described. After digestion of the material in sulfuric, nitric, hydrofluoric and perchloric acids, a hydrochloric acid solution of the sample is automatically mixed with reducing agents, acidified with additional hydrochloric acid, and treated with a...
Landsat monitoring of desert vegetation growth, 1972-1979 using a plant-shadowing model
Joseph Otterman, C.J. Robinove
1982, Advances in Space Research (2) 45-50
Landsat digital data spanning the period 1972-1979 were analyzed to monitor the status of vegetation within and outside an exclosure in the northern Sinai (precipitation 100-150 mm/year). This 6??6 km exclosure was fenced off in the summer of 1974 and subsequently has been free from the anthropogenic pressures (overgrazing, cultivation...
A model for managing sources of groundwater pollution
Steven M. Gorelick
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 773-781
The waste disposal capacity of a groundwater system can be maximized while maintaining water quality at specified locations by using a groundwater pollutant source management model that is based upon linear programing and numerical simulation. The decision variables of the management model are solute waste disposal rates at various facilities...
Gravity evidence for a shallow intrusion under Medicine Lake volcano, California
Carol A. Finn, D.L. Williams
1982, Geology (10) 503-507
A positive gravity anomaly is associated with Medicine Lake volcano, California. Trials with different Bouguer reduction densities indicate that this positive anomaly cannot be explained by an inappropriate choice of Bouguer reduction density but must be caused by a subvolcanic body. After separating...
Origin and evolution of the Nakhla meteorite inferred from the Sm-Nd and U-Pb systematics and REE, Ba, Sr, Rb and K abundances
N. Nakamura, D.M. Unruh, M. Tatsumoto, R. Hutchison
1982, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (46) 1555-1573
Analyses of Sm-Nd and U-Th-Pb systematics, REE, Ba, Sr, Rb and K concentrations were carried out for whole rock and mineral separates from the Nakhla meteorite. The 1.26 ±.07 b.y. Sm-Nd age obtained in this work is in good agreement with those previously obtained by the Rb-Sr and Ar-Ar methods. The...
Comparison of platinum, palladium, and rhodium distributions in some layered intrusions with special reference to the late differentiates (upper zone) of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
N.J. Page, G. Von Gruenewaldt, J. Haffty, P. J. Aruscavage
1982, Economic Geology (77) 1405-1418
The Stillwater, Fiskenaesset, and Bushveld Complexes are all composed of layered ultramafic and mafic rocks in which the cumulus phases generally appear in a regular order, which have similar petrologic and chemical characteristics, which are all Precambrian in age, and which contain platinum-group elements that vary widely in their abundances...
Applications of Landsat imagery to problems of petroleum exploration in Qaidam Basin, China
G. B. Bailey, P. D. Anderson
1982, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (66) 1348-1354
Tertiary and Quaternary nonmarine, petroleum-bearing sedimentary rocks in the Qaidam basin of remote western China have been extensively deformed by compressive forces. These forces created many folds which are current targets of Chinese exploration programs. Manual techniques of image analysis and interpretation were applied to computer-enhanced Landsat images of the...
Simulations of seabird damage and recovery from oilspills in the northern Gulf of Alaska.
W.B. Samuels, K.J. Lanfear
1982, Journal of Environmental Management (15) 169-182
If an oilspill contacts a colony of glaucous-winged gulls Larus hyperboreus, reducing the population by 50%, the population is expected to recover to its pre-spill level in c.20 yr. For common murres Uria aalge, this same situation yields a recovery time of c.70 yr. Assuming that oil is found in...
The modified polyconic projection for the IMW
John P. Snyder
1982, Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization (19) 31-43
The modified Polyconic map projection designed by Lallemand and adopted for the International Map of the World between 1909 and 1962 has two meridians and two parallels which are true to scale. Constructed geometrically in the past, forward and inverse coordinate transformations may be calculated analytically in order to transfer...
Upper crustal structure of the Mount Hood, Oregon, region as revealed by time term analysis
W.M. Kohler, J. H. Healy, S.S. Wegener
1982, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (87) 339-355
Seismic refraction data with a dense areal distribution were collected to study the seismic structure of Mount Hood and the surrounding region. This area is typical of Cascade volcanoes and is geologically quite complex. The prime goals of this project were to search for velocity variations in the upper crustal...
Computation with physical values from Landsat digital data
C.J. Robinove
1982, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (48) 781-784
Landsat digital images are commonly analyzed by using the digital numbers for each pixel recorded on a computer-compatible magnetic tape. Although this procedure may be satisfactory when only a single, internally consistent image is used, the procedure may produce incorrect results if more than one image is used for analysis...
A relation between landsat digital numbers, surface reflectance, and the cosine of the solar zenith angle
William S. Kowalik, Stuart E. Marsh, Ronald J. P. Lyon
1982, Remote Sensing of Environment (12) 39-55
A method for estimating the reflectance of ground sites from satellite radiance data is proposed and tested. The method uses the known ground reflectance from several sites and satellite data gathered over a wide range of solar zenith angles. The method was tested on each of 10 different Landsat images...
Hydrologic inferences from ring widths of flood-damaged trees, Potomac River, Maryland
T.M. Yanosky
1982, Environmental Geology (4) 43-52
Year-to-year variability in the ring widths of trees on flood plains along two reaches of the Potomac River near Washington, D.C., seems in large part to be related to differences in flood-flow regimes. Trees directly exposed to high flood velocities are damaged more often than sheltered trees and thus exhibit...
