Modeling structural mechanics of oyster reef self-organization including environmental constraints and community interactions
Simeon Yurek, Mitchell J. Eaton, Romain Lavaud, R. Wilson Laney, Don DeAngelis, William E. Pine III, Megan K. LaPeyre, Julien Martin, Peter C Frederick, Hongqing Wang, Michael R. Lowe, Fred Johnson, Edward V. Camp, Rua Mordecai
2021, Ecological Modelling (440)
Self-organization is a process of establishing and reinforcing local structures through feedbacks between internal population dynamics and external factors. In reef-building systems, substrate is collectively engineered by individuals that also occupy it and compete for space. Reefs are constrained spatially by the physical environment, and by mortality, which reduces production...
Movements of selected minnows between the lower Yellowstone River and its tributaries
Michael B. Duncan, Robert G. Bramblett, Alexander V. Zale
2021, Canadian Journal of Zoology (99) 45-56
Reduced population connectivity has been implicated as a cause of decreased distributions and abundances of many Great Plains fishes. However, scant empirical evidence quantifying movement and relating the contribution of spatial linkages to population abundances and resilience exists. We used otolith microchemistry analysis to characterize the movements of western silvery...
Pathology of mouse (Mus musculus) predation on Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) on Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge
Thierry M. Work, Meg Duhr, Beth Flint
2021, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (57) 125-131
Invasive rodents on islands have adverse effects on native birds in island ecosystems, and rats are the most common culprits. Recently, house mice (Mus musculus) in the South Atlantic were found preying on three species of albatross chicks. Here, we show that house mice can also prey on nesting adult...
Efficient genotyping with backwards compatibility: Converting a legacy microsatellite panel for muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) to genotyping-by-sequencing chemistry
Kristen Gruenthal, Wesley Larson
2021, Conservation Genetics Resources (13) 151-159
Microsatellites have been a staple of population genetics research for over three decades, and many large datasets have been generated with these markers. Microsatellites have been used, for example, to conduct genetic monitoring and construct large multigeneration pedigrees as well as genotype thousands of individuals from a given species to...
Genetic connectivity of the West Indian manatee in the southern range and limited evidence of hybridization with Amazonian manatees
Fabia O. Luna, Caitlin Beaver, Coralie Nourisson, Robert Bonde, Fernanda L. N. Attademo, Adriana V. Miranda, Juan P. Torres-Florez, Glaucia P. de Sousa, Jose Z. Passavate, Margaret Hunter
2021, Frontiers in Marine Science (7)
The Antillean subspecies of the West Indian manatee is classified as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. In Brazil, the manatee population is listed as endangered with an estimated population size of 500–1,000. Historic hunting, recent habitat degradation, and fisheries bycatch...
Measuring U.S. Federal Agency progress toward implementation of alternative methods in toxicity testing
John D. Gordon, Carol Clarke, Matthew Johnson, Emily N. Reinke, Barnett A. Rattner, Steve Hwang, Evisabel Craig, Anna Lowit, Paul Brown, Karen L. Davis-Bruno, Annabelle Crusan, Suzanne Fitzpatrick, Jueichuan Kang, Robin Levis, Donna L. Mendrick, Jill Merrill, Brian Berridge, Warren Casey, Nicole Kleinstreuer, Harold Watson
2021, Report
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) recommended to Congress that federal agencies establish a workgroup through ICCVAM to propose metrics for assessing progress on the development and promotion of alternative methods. This document describes the recommendations of the ICCVAM Metrics Workgroup....
Isotopic composition of natural and synthetic chlorate (δ18O, Δ17O, δ37Cl, 36Cl/Cl): Methods and initial results
W Andrew Jackson, Meaghan Brundrett, J.K. Bohlke, Paul B. Hatzinger, Stanley J. Mroczkowski, Neil C. Sturchio
2021, Chemosphere (274)
Natural chlorate (ClO3−) is widely distributed in terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. To improve understanding of the origins and distribution of ClO3−, we developed and tested methods to determine the multi-dimensional isotopic compositions (δ18O, Δ17O, δ37Cl, 36Cl/Cl) of ClO3− and then applied the methods...
Monitoring the results of stream corridor restoration
Daniel Bunting, Andrew M. Barton, Brooke M. Bushman, Barry Chernoff, Kelon Crawford, David J. Dean, Eduardo Gonzalez, Jeanmarie Haney, O. Hinojosa-Huerta, Helen M. Poulos, J Renfrow, Holly E. Richter, Carlos A. Sifuentes Lugo, Juliet C. Stromberg, Dale S. Turner, K. Urbanczyk, Mark K. Briggs
2021, Book chapter, Renewing our rivers: Stream corridor restoration in dryland regions
Often overlooked and underfunded, ecological monitoring is an essential component of stream-restoration work. It helps practitioners to identify successful restoration practices, detect ineffective ones, and adjust their adaptive-management activities to improve efficacy (Bernhardt and Palmer 2011). Monitoring, along with research and modeling, are the three legs of the scientific stool...
Spatiotemporal patterns of northern lake formation since the last glacial maximum
L. S. Brosius, K. M. Walter Anthony, C. C. Treat, J. Lenz, Miriam C. Jones, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, G. Grosse
2021, Quaternary Science Reviews (253)
The northern mid- to high-latitudes have the highest total number and area of lakes on Earth. Lake origins in these regions are diverse, but to a large extent coupled to glacial, permafrost, and peatland histories. The synthesis of 1207 northern lake initiation records presented here provides an analog for rapid...
Broader impacts for ecologists: Biological soil crust as a model system for education
Alasha M. Faist, Anita J. Antoninka, Nichole N. Barger, Matthew A. Bowker, V. Bala Chaudhary, Caroline A. Havrilla, Elisabeth Huber-Saanwald, Sasha C. Reed, Bettina Weber
2021, Frontiers in Microbiology (11)
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are a complex community of algae, cyanobacteria, lichens, bryophytes, and assorted bacteria, fungi, archaea, and bacteriophages that colonize the soil surface. Biocrusts are particularly common in drylands and are found in arid and semiarid ecosystems worldwide. While diminutive in size, biocrusts often cover large terrestrial areas,...
Drivers of realized satellite tracking duration in marine turtles
Kristen Hart, Jacquelyn C. Guzy, Brian J. Smith
2021, Movement Ecology (9)
BackgroundSatellite tags have revolutionized our understanding of marine animal movements. However, tags may stop transmitting for many reasons and little research has rigorously examined tag failure. Using a long-term, large-scale, multi-species dataset, we evaluated factors influencing tracking duration of satellite tags to inform study design for future tracking studies.MethodsWe leveraged...
Toward physics-based nonergodic PSHA: A prototype fully-deterministic seismic hazard model for southern California
Kevin R. Milner, Bruce E. Shaw, Christine A. Goulet, Keith B. Richards-Dinger, Scott Callaghan, Thomas H. Jordan, James H. Dieterich, Edward H. Field
2021, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (111) 898-915
We present a nonergodic framework for probabilistic seismic‐hazard analysis (PSHA) that is constructed entirely of deterministic, physical models. The use of deterministic ground‐motion simulations in PSHA calculations is not new (e.g., CyberShake), but prior studies relied on kinematic rupture generators to extend empirical earthquake rupture...
Using heat to trace vertical water fluxes in sediment experiencing concurrent tidal pumping and groundwater discharge
N LeRoux, B. Kurylyk, Martin A. Briggs, D. Irvine, J Tamborski, V. F. Bense
2021, Water Resources Research (57)
Heat has been widely applied to trace groundwater‐surface water exchanges in inland environments, but it is infrequently applied in coastal sediment where head oscillations induce periodicity in water flux magnitude/direction and heat advection. This complicates interpretation of temperatures to estimate water fluxes. We investigate the convolution of...
Juvenile Chinook salmon survival, travel time, and floodplain use relative to riverine channels in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
Adam Pope, Russell Perry, Brett N. Harvey, Dalton Hance, Hal C Hansel
2021, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (150) 38-55
Floodplains provide multiple benefits to both resident and migratory fish species, including juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, but direct comparisons of survival during migration through a floodplain versus riverine routes are scarce. The Yolo Bypass is a broad floodplain of the Sacramento River that floods in about...
A subset of CyberShake ground-motion time series for response-history analysis
Jack W. Baker, Sanaz Rezaeian, Christine A. Goulet, Nico Luco, Ganyu Teng
2021, Earthquake Spectra Journal (37) 1162-1176
This manuscript describes a subset of CyberShake numerically simulated ground motions that were selected and vetted for use in engineering response-history analyses. Ground motions were selected that have seismological properties and response spectra representative of conditions in the Los Angeles area, based on disaggregation of seismic hazard....
Accelerometry to study fine-scale activity of invasive Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) in the wild
Nicholas M. Whitney, Connor F. White, Brian Smith, Michael Cherkiss, Frank J. Mazzotti, Kristen Hart
2021, Animal Biotelemetry (9)
The establishment of Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA, has been connected to a > 90% decline in the mesomammal population in the park and is a major threat to native reptile and bird populations. Efforts to control this population are underway, but are hampered by a lack of...
Heterogeneous stream-reservoir graph networks with data assimilation
Shengyu Chen, Alison P. Appling, Samantha K. Oliver, Hayley R. Corson-Dosch, Jordan Read, Jeffrey Michael Sadler, Jacob Aaron Zwart, Xiaowei Jia
2021, IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) 1024-1029
Accurate prediction of water temperature in streams is critical for monitoring and understanding biogeochemical and ecological processes in streams. Stream temperature is affected by weather patterns (such as solar radiation) and water flowing through the stream network. Additionally, stream temperature can be substantially affected by water...
Toward an integrative geological and geophysical view of Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes
Maureen A. L. Walton, Lydia M. Staisch, Tina Dura, Jessie K. Pearl, Brian Sherrod, Joan S. Gomberg, Simon E. Engelhart, Anne Trehu, Janet Watt, Jonathan P. Perkins, Robert C. Witter, Noel Bartlow, Chris Goldfinger, Harvey Kelsey, Ann Morey, Valerie J. Sahakian, Harold Tobin, Kelin Wang, Ray Wells, Erin A. Wirth
2021, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (49) 367-398
The Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) is an exceptional geologic environment for recording evidence of land level changes, tsunamis, and ground motion that reveals at least 19 great megathrust earthquakes over the past 10 kyr. Such earthquakes are among the most impactful natural hazards on Earth, transcend national boundaries, and can...
Metamorphosis in an era of increasing climate variability
Winsor H. Lowe, Thomas E. Martin, David K. Skelly, H. Arthur Woods
2021, Trends in Ecology & Evolution (36) 360-375
Most animals have complex life cycles including metamorphosis or other discrete life stage transitions during which individuals may be particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors. With climate change, individuals will be exposed to increasing thermal and hydrologic variability during metamorphosis, which may affect survival and performance through physiological, behavioral, and ecological...
Comparison of simple averaging and latent class modeling to estimate the area of land cover in the presence of reference data variability
Dingfan Xing, Stephen V. Stehman, Giles M Foody, Bruce Pengra
2021, Land (10)
Estimates of the area or percent area of the land cover classes within a study region are often based on the reference land cover class labels assigned by analysts interpreting satellite imagery and other ancillary spatial data. Different analysts interpreting the same spatial unit will not always...
Testing which axes of species differentiation underlie covariance of phylogeographic similarity among montane sedge species
Richard G.J. Hodel, Robert Massatti, Sasha G.D. Bishop, L. Lacey Knowles
2021, Molecular Ecology (75) 349-364
Co‐distributed species may exhibit similar phylogeographic patterns due to shared environmental factors or discordant patterns attributed to the influence of species‐specific traits. Although either concordant or discordant patterns could occur due to chance, stark differences in key traits (e.g., dispersal ability) may readily explain differences between species. Multiple species’ attributes...
Behaviorally-mediated trophic cascade attenuated by prey use of risky places at safe times
Meredith S. Palmer, C. Portales-Reyes, C. Potter, L. David Mech, Forest Isbell
2021, Oecologia (195) 235-248
The mere threat of predation may incite behavioral changes in prey that lead to community-wide impacts on productivity, biodiversity, and nutrient cycling. The paucity of experimental manipulations, however, has contributed to controversy over the strength of this pathway in wide-ranging vertebrate systems. We investigated whether simulated gray wolf (Canis lupus)...
Mesozoic magmatism in Montana
Kaleb C. Scarberry, Petr V. Yakovlev, Theresa Maude Schwartz
2021, Book chapter, Geology of Montana
From crystalline batholiths with footprints larger than 4,500 km2 to beds of micron-sized ash particles, a record of Mesozoic magmatism is found throughout Montana. Mesozoic igneous rocks are an important natural resource in the state because of their association with precious metal ores and industrial mineral deposits. Mesozoic magmatism in...
Until It's a regulation it's not my fight: Complexities of a voluntary nonlead hunting ammunition program
J. H. Schulz, S. A. Wilhelm Stanis, D.M. Hall, Elisabeth B. Webb
2021, Journal of Environmental Management (277)
Wildlife and human health are at risk of lead exposure from spent hunting ammunition. Lead exposure persists for bald eagles due to bullet fragments in game animal gut piles and unretrieved carcasses, and is also a human health risk when wild...
Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations 2020 - Annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team
Frank T. van Manen, Mark A. Haroldson, Bryn Karabensh, editor(s)
2021, Report
This Annual Report summarizes results of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) research and monitoring conducted in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team (IGBST) during 2020. The research and monitoring program is focused on population estimation and demographics, food monitoring, and habitat monitoring. This report also...
