Landscape heterogeneity shapes predation in a newly restored predator-prey system
M. J. Kauffman, N. Varley, D.W. Smith, D.R. Stahler, D.R. MacNulty, M.S. Boyce
2007, Ecology Letters (10) 690-700
Because some native ungulates have lived without top predators for generations, it has been uncertain whether runaway predation would occur when predators are newly restored to these systems. We show that landscape features and vegetation, which influence predator detection and capture of prey, shape large-scale patterns of predation in a...
Estimating locations and total magnetization vectors of compact magnetic sources from scalar, vector, or tensor magnetic measurements through combined Helbig and Euler analysis
J. D. Phillips, M.N. Nabighian, D.V. Smith, Y. Li
2007, Conference Paper, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts
The Helbig method for estimating total magnetization directions of compact sources from magnetic vector components is extended so that tensor magnetic gradient components can be used instead. Depths of the compact sources can be estimated using the Euler equation, and their dipole moment magnitudes can be estimated using a least...
Does species diversity limit productivity in natural grassland communities?
J.B. Grace, T.M. Anderson, M. D. Smith, E. Seabloom, S.J. Andelman, G. Meche, E. Weiher, L.K. Allain, H. Jutila, M. Sankaran, J. Knops, M. Ritchie, M. R. Willig
2007, Ecology Letters (10) 680-689
Theoretical analyses and experimental studies of synthesized assemblages indicate that under particular circumstances species diversity can enhance community productivity through niche complementarity. It remains unclear whether this process has important effects in mature natural ecosystems where competitive feedbacks and complex environmental influences affect diversity-productivity relationships. In this study, we evaluated...
Tag-based estimates of annual fishing mortality of a mixed atlantic coastal stock of striped bass
S.A. Welsh, D. R. Smith, R.W. Laney, R.C. Tipton
2007, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (136) 34-42
Tag-based estimates of annual survival and fishing mortality rates supplement annual stock assessments of migratory striped bass Morone saxatilis in the interjurisdictional fishery along the Atlantic coast. We estimated a 17-year time series of annual survival and fishing mortality (F) rates for striped bass (>711 mm) tagged during winter trawl...
A proposed ethogram of large-carnivore predatory behavior, exemplified by the wolf
D.R. MacNulty, L.D. Mech, D.W. Smith
2007, Journal of Mammalogy (88) 595-605
Although predatory behavior is traditionally described by a basic ethogram composed of 3 phases (search, pursue, and capture), behavioral studies of large terrestrial carnivores generally use the concept of a "hunt" to classify and measure foraging. This approach is problematic because there is no consensus on what behaviors constitute a...
Intersex (Testicular Oocytes) in smallmouth bass from the Potomac River and selected nearby drainages
Vicki S. Blazer, Luke R. Iwanowicz, Deborah D. Iwanowicz, David R. Smith, John A. Young, J.D. Hedrick, S.W. Foster, S.J. Reeser
2007, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (19) 242-253
Intersex, or the presence of characteristics of both sexes, in fishes that are normally gonochoristic has been used as an indicator of exposure to estrogenic compounds. In 2003, during health assessments conducted in response to kills and a high prevalence of skin lesions observed in smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in...
Evaluation of a small beach nourishment project to enhance habitat suitability for horseshoe crabs
N.L. Jackson, D. R. Smith, R. Tiyarattanachai, K.F. Nordstrom
2007, Geomorphology (89) 172-185
This field study evaluates the effect of nourishing an estuarine beach with gravel to enhance spawning rates by horseshoe crabs. A total of 564??m3 of coarse sand and gravel were emplaced in two 90??m-long treatment segments at Bowers Beach, Delaware, USA from 9 to 11 April 2002. Field data were...
An age-structured population model for horseshoe crabs in the Delaware Bay area to assess harvest and egg availability for shorebirds
J. A. Sweka, D. R. Smith, M. J. Millard
2007, Estuaries and Coasts (30) 277-286
The objective of this simulation study was to create an age-structured population model for horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphenols) in the Delaware Bay region using best available estimates of age-specific mortality and recent harvest levels. Density dependence was incorporated using a spatial model relating egg mortality with abundance of spawning females....
Dynamics of cover, UV-protective pigments, and quantum yield in biological soil crust communities of an undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubland
Jayne Belnap, Susan L. Phillips, Stanley D. Smith
2007, Flora (202) 674-686
Biological soil crusts are an integral part of dryland ecosystems. We monitored the cover of lichens and mosses, cyanobacterial biomass, concentrations of UV-protective pigments in both free-living and lichenized cyanobacteria, and quantum yield in the soil lichen species Collema in an undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubland. During our sampling time, the...
Use of mammal manure by nesting burrowing owls: a test of four functional hypotheses
M. D. Smith, C.J. Conway
2007, Animal Behaviour (73) 65-73
Animals have evolved an impressive array of behavioural traits to avoid depredation. Olfactory camouflage of conspicuous odours is a strategy to avoid depredation that has been implicated only in a few species of birds. Burrowing owls, Athene cunicularia, routinely collect dried manure from mammals and scatter it in their nest...
Contrasting cratonal provenances for upper Cretaceous Valle Group quartzite clasts, Baja California
D.L. Kimbrough, G. Abbott, D.P. Smith, J. B. Mahoney, Thomas E. Moore, G. E. Gehrels
G.H. Girty, John D. Cooper, editor(s)
2006, Book chapter, Using stratigraphy, sedimentology, and geochemistry to unravel the geologic history of the southwestern Cordillera
Late Cretaceous Valle Group forearcbasin deposits on the Vizcaino Peninsula of Baja California Sur are dominated by firstcycle arc-derived volcanic-plutonic detritus derived from the adjacent Peninsular Ranges batholith. Craton-derived quartzite clasts are a minor but ubiquitous component in Valle Group conglomerates. The source of these clasts has implications for tectonic...
Application of municipal biosolids to dry-land wheat fields - A monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA). A presentation for an international conference: "The Future of Agriculture: Science, Stewardship, and Sustainability", August 7-9, 2006, Sacramento, CA
James G. Crock, David B. Smith, Tracy J.B. Yager
2006, Open-File Report 2006-1286
Since late 1993, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District), a large wastewater treatment plant in Denver, Colorado, has applied Grade I, Class B biosolids to about 52,000 acres of non-irrigated farmland and rangeland near Deer Trail, Colorado. In cooperation with the Metro District in 1993, the U.S. Geological...
Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey maps and data, East Poplar oil field area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, August 2004
Bruce D. Smith, Joanna N. Thamke, Michael J. Cain, Christa Tyrrell, Patricia L. Hill
2006, Open-File Report 2006-1216
This report is a data release for a helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey that was conducted during August 2004 in a 275-square-kilometer area that includes the East Poplar oil field on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation. The electromagnetic equipment consisted of six different coil-pair orientations that measured resistivity at separate...
Abundance of adult horseshoe crabs (Limulus polylphemus) in Delaware Bay estimated from a bay-wide mark-recapture study
D. R. Smith, M. J. Millard, S. Eyler
2006, Fishery Bulletin (104) 456-464
Estimates of the abundance of American horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) are important to determine egg production and to manage populations for the energetic needs of shorebirds that feed on horseshoe crab eggs. In 2003, over 17,500 horseshoe crabs were tagged and released throughout Delaware Bay, and recaptured crabs came from...
Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds
K.F. Nordstrom, N.L. Jackson, D. R. Smith, R.G. Weber
2006, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (70) 438-448
The abundance of horseshoe crab eggs in the swash zone and remaining on the beach after tide levels fall was evaluated to identify how numbers of eggs available to shorebirds differ with fluctuations in spawning numbers of horseshoe crabs, wave energies and beach elevation changes. Field data were gathered 1-6...
Survey design for detecting rare freshwater mussels
D. R. Smith
2006, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (25) 701-711
A common objective when surveying freshwater mussels is to detect the presence of rare populations. In certain situations, such as when endangered or threatened species are potentially in the area of a proposed impact, the survey should be designed to ensure a high probability of detecting species presence. Linking survey...
Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk
D.M. Diawara, J.S. Litt, D. Unis, N. Alfonso, L.A. Martinez, J.G. Crock, D. B. Smith, J. Carsella
2006, Environmental Geochemistry and Health (28) 297-315
Decades of intensive industrial and agricultural practices as well as rapid urbanization have left communities like Pueblo, Colorado facing potential health threats from pollution of its soils, air, water and food supply. To address such concerns about environmental contamination, we conducted an urban geochemical study of the city of Pueblo...
Extirpation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) following the invasion of dreissenid mussels in an interconnecting river of the Laurentian Great Lakes
Don W. Schloesser, Janice L. Metcalfe-Smith, William P. Kovalak, Gary D. Longton, Rick D. Smithee
2006, American Midland Naturalist (155) 307-320
Previous (1992–1994) surveys for native freshwater mussels (Unionidae) along main channels of the Detroit River showed that unionids had been extirpated from all but four sites in the upper reaches of the river due to impacts of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis). These four sites were surveyed again...
The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean
K. Moran, J. Backman, H. Brinkhuis, S.C. Clemens, Thomas M. Cronin, G.R. Dickens, F. Eynaud, J. Gattacceca, M. Jakobsson, R.W. Jordan, M. Kaminski, J. King, N. Koc, A. Krylov, N. Martinez, J. Matthiessen, D. McInroy, T.C. Moore, J. Onodera, M. O’Regan, H. Palike, B. Rea, D. Rio, T. Sakamoto, D. C. Smith, R. Stein, John K. St, I. Suto, N. Suzuki, K. Takahashi, M. E. Watanabe, M. Yamamoto, J. Farrell, M. Frank, P. Kubik, W. Jokat, Y. Kristoffersen
2006, Nature (441) 601-605
The history of the Arctic Ocean during the Cenozoic era (0–65 million years ago) is largely unknown from direct evidence. Here we present a Cenozoic palaeoceanographic record constructed from >400 m of sediment core from a recent drilling expedition to the Lomonosov ridge in the Arctic Ocean. Our record shows a...
Trophic transfer of trace metals: Subcellular compartmentalization in a polychaete and assimilation by a decapod crustacean
P.S. Rainbow, L. Poirier, B. D. Smith, K.V. Brix, S. N. Luoma
2006, Marine Ecology Progress Series (308) 91-100
The chemical form of accumulated trace metal in prey is important in controlling the bioavailability of dietary metal to a predator. This study investigated the trophic transfer of radiolabelled Ag, Cd and Zn from the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor to the decapod crustacean Palaemonetes varians. We used 2 populations of worms with different...
Trophic transfer of trace metals from the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor to the polychaete N. virens and the decapod crustacean Palaemonetes varians
P.S. Rainbow, L. Poirier, B. D. Smith, K.V. Brix, S. N. Luoma
2006, Marine Ecology Progress Series (321) 167-181
Diet is an important exposure route for the uptake of trace metals by aquatic invertebrates, with trace metal trophic transfer depending on 2 stages - assimilation and subsequent accumulation by the predator. This study investigated the trophic transfer of trace metals from the sediment-dwelling polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor from metal-rich...
Albatross species demonstrate regional differences in North Pacific marine contamination
M. Finkelstein, B.S. Keitt, D.A. Croll, B. Tershy, Walter M. Jarman, S. Rodriguez-Pastor, D.J. Anderson, P.R. Sievert, D. R. Smith
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 678-686
Recent concern about negative effects on human health from elevated organochlorine and mercury concentrations in marine foods has highlighted the need to understand temporal and spatial patterns of marine pollution. Seabirds, long-lived pelagic predators with wide foraging ranges, can be used as indicators of regional contaminant patterns across large temporal...
Seeing the elephant: Importance of spatial and temporal coverage in a large-scale volunteer-based program to monitor horseshoe crabs
D. R. Smith, S.F. Michels
2006, Fisheries (31) 485-491
As in John Godfrey Saxe's poem about six blind men and an elephant, conclusions drawn from a monitoring program depend critically on where and when observations are made. We examined results from the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) spawning survey to evaluate the effect of spatial and temporal coverage...
Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum
A. Sluijs, S. Schouten, M. Pagani, M. Woltering, H. Brinkhuis, J.S.S. Damste, G.R. Dickens, M. Huber, G.-J. Reichart, R. Stein, J. Matthiessen, L.J. Lourens, N. Pedentchouk, J. Backman, K. Moran, S. Clemens, T. Cronin, F. Eynaud, J. Gattacceca, M. Jakobsson, R. Jordan, M. Kaminski, J. King, N. Koc, N.C. Martinez, D. McInroy, T.C. Moore Jr., M. O’Regan, J. Onodera, H. Palike, B. Rea, D. Rio, T. Sakamoto, D. C. Smith, K.E.K. St John, I. Suto, N. Suzuki, K. Takahashi, M. E. Watanabe, M. Yamamoto
2006, Nature (441) 610-613
The Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum, ???55 million years ago, was a brief period of widespread, extreme climatic warming, that was associated with massive atmospheric greenhouse gas input. Although aspects of the resulting environmental changes are well documented at low latitudes, no data were available to quantify simultaneous changes in the Arctic...
Geochemical landscapes of Alaska — New map presentations and interpretations for 23 elements in surficial materials
L. P. Gough, Bronwen Wang, D. B. Smith, Nils Gustavsson
2005, Professional Paper 1716
No abstract available....
