A global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) at the end of last millennium using remote sensing
C.M. Biradar, P.S. Thenkabail, P. Noojipady, Y. Li, V. Dheeravath, H. Turral, M. Velpuri, M.K. Gumma, O.R.P. Gangalakunta, X.L. Cai, X. Xiao, M.A. Schull, R.D. Alankara, S. Gunasinghe, S. Mohideen
2009, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation (11) 114-129
The overarching goal of this study was to produce a global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) and calculate country-by-country rainfed area statistics using remote sensing data. A suite of spatial datasets, methods and protocols for mapping GMRCA were described. These consist of: (a) data fusion and composition of multi-resolution...
Hydrologic connectivity between landscapes and streams: Transferring reach‐ and plot‐scale understanding to the catchment scale
Kelsey G. Jencso, Brian L. McGlynn, Michael N. Gooseff, Steven M. Wondzell, Kenneth E. Bencala, Lucy A. Marshall
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
The relationship between catchment structure and runoff characteristics is poorly understood. In steep headwater catchments with shallow soils the accumulation of hillslope area (upslope accumulated area (UAA)) is a hypothesized first‐order control on the distribution of soil water and groundwater. Hillslope‐riparian water table connectivity represents the linkage between the dominant...
Estimation of avian population sizes and species richness across a boreal landscape in Alaska
Colleen M. Handel, S.A. Swanson, Debora A. Nigro, Steven M. Matsuoka
2009, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (121) 528-547
We studied the distribution of birds breeding within five ecological landforms in Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, a 10,194-km2 roadless conservation unit on the Alaska-Canada border in the boreal forest zone. Passerines dominated the avifauna numerically, comprising 97% of individuals surveyed but less than half of the 115 species recorded in...
The contemporary cement cycle of the United States
A. Kapur, H. G. Van Oss, G. Keoleian, S.E. Kesler, A. Kendall
2009, Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management (11) 155-165
A country-level stock and flow model for cement, an important construction material, was developed based on a material flow analysis framework. Using this model, the contemporary cement cycle of the United States was constructed by analyzing production, import, and export data for different stages of the cement cycle. The United...
An integrated approach to assess broad-scale condition of coastal wetlands - The Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands pilot survey
J.A. Nestlerode, V.D. Engle, P. Bourgeois, P.T. Heitmuller, J.M. Macauley, Y.C. Allen
2009, Conference Paper, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated a two-year regional pilot survey in 2007 to develop, test, and validate tools and approaches to assess the condition of northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coastal wetlands. Sampling sites were selected from estuarine and palustrine wetland areas with herbaceous,...
Trends in streamflow in the Yukon River Basin from 1944 to 2005 and the influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
T. P. Brabets, Michelle Ann Walvoord
2009, Journal of Hydrology (371) 108-119
Streamflow characteristics in the Yukon River Basin of Alaska and Canada have changed from 1944 to 2005, and some of the change can be attributed to the two most recent modes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Seasonal, monthly, and annual stream discharge data from 21 stations in the Yukon...
The stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of acetate and other dissolved carbon species in deep subseafloor sediments at the northern Cascadia Margin
Verena B. Heuer, John W. Pohlman, Marta E. Torres, Marcus Elvert, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
2009, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (73) 3323-3336
Ocean drilling has revealed the existence of vast microbial populations in the deep subseafloor, but to date little is known about their metabolic activities. To better understand the biogeochemical processes in the deep biosphere, we investigate the stable carbon isotope chemistry of acetate and other...
Assembling and disassembling california: A zircon and monazite geochronologic framework for proterozoic crustal evolution in southern California
A. P. Barth, J. L. Wooden, D.S. Coleman, M.B. Vogel
2009, Journal of Geology (117) 221-239
The Mojave province in southern California preserves a comparatively complete record of assembly, postorogenic sedimentation, and rifting along the southwestern North American continental margin. The oldest exposed rocks are metasedimentary gneisses and amphibolite, enclosing intrusive suites that range from tonalite and quartz mon-zodiorite to granite with minor trondhjemite. Discrete magmatic...
Troublesome toxins: Time to re-think plant-herbivore interactions in vertebrate ecology
R.K. Swihart, D.L. DeAngelis, Z. Feng, Lee C. Bryant
2009, BMC Ecology (9)
Earlier models of plant-herbivore interactions relied on forms of functional response that related rates of ingestion by herbivores to mechanical or physical attributes such as bite size and rate. These models fail to predict a growing number of findings that implicate chemical toxins as important determinants of plant-herbivore dynamics. Specifically,...
Experimental infection of cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) with varying doses of West Nile virus
P.T. Oesterle, N.M. Nemeth, Kaci K. VanDalen, H. Sullivan, K.T. Bentler, G.R. Young, R. G. McLean, L. Clark, C. Smeraski, Jeffrey S. Hall
2009, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (81) 1159-1164
Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) were inoculated with differing doses of West Nile virus (WNV) to evaluate their potential role as reservoir hosts in nature. Swallows often nest in large colonies in habitats and months associated with high mosquito abundance and early WNV transmission in North America. Additionally, cliff swallow diet...
Localized double-array stacking analysis of PcP: D″ and ULVZ structure beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, central Pacific, and north Pacific
Alexander R. Hutko, Thorne Lay, Justin Revenaugh
2009, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (173) 60-74
A large, high quality P-wave data set comprising short-period and broadband signals sampling four separate regions in the lowermost mantle beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, the central Pacific, and the north Pacific is analyzed using regional one-dimensional double-array stacking and modelling with reflectivity synthetics. A data-screening criterion retains only events...
Geomyces destructans sp. nov. associated with bat white-nose syndrome
Andrea Gargas, M.T. Trest, M. Christensen, T.J. Volk, David S. Blehert
2009, Mycotaxon (108) 147-154
We describe and illustrate the new species Geomyces destructans. Bats infected with this fungus present with powdery conidia and hyphae on their muzzles, wing membranes, and/or pinnae, leading to description of the accompanying disease as white-nose syndrome, a cause of widespread mortality among hibernating bats in the northeastern US. Based on...
Experimental infection of Hawai'i 'Amakihi (hemignathus virens) with West Nile virus and competence of a co-occurring vector, culex quinquefasciatus: potential impacts on endemic Hawaiian avifauna.
Dennis A. LaPointe, Erik K. Hofmeister, C. T. Atkinson, R.E. Porter, Robert J. Dusek
2009, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (45) 257-271
Introduced mosquito-borne avian disease is a major limiting factor in the recovery and restoration of native Hawaiian forest birds. Annual epizootics of avian pox (Avipoxvirus) and avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) likely led to the extinction of some species and continue to impact populations of susceptible Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidinae). The introduction...
Habitat structure mediates predation risk for sedentary prey: Experimental tests of alternative hypotheses
A.D. Chalfoun, T. E. Martin
2009, Journal of Animal Ecology (78) 497-503
Predation is an important and ubiquitous selective force that can shape habitat preferences of prey species, but tests of alternative mechanistic hypotheses of habitat influences on predation risk are lacking. 2. We studied predation risk at nest sites of a passerine bird and tested two hypotheses based on theories of...
Estimation of regional-scale groundwater flow properties in the Bengal Basin of India and Bangladesh
H.A. Michael, C.I. Voss
2009, Hydrogeology Journal (17) 1329-1346
Quantitative evaluation of management strategies for long-term supply of safe groundwater for drinking from the Bengal Basin aquifer (India and Bangladesh) requires estimation of the large-scale hydrogeologic properties that control flow. The Basin consists of a stratified, heterogeneous sequence of sediments with aquitards that may separate aquifers locally, but evidence...
Dipping-interface mapping using mode-separated Rayleigh waves
Y. Luo, J. Xia, Y. Xu, C. Zeng, R. D. Miller, Q. Liu
2009, Pure and Applied Geophysics (166) 353-374
Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is a non-invasive geophysical technique that uses the dispersive characteristic of Rayleigh waves to estimate a vertical shear (S)-wave velocity profile. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section is constructed by aligning 1D S-wave velocity profiles at the midpoint of each receiver spread that are...
Seed reserves diluted during surface soil reclamation in eastern Mojave Desert
S. J. Scoles-Sciulla, L.A. DeFalco
2009, Arid Land Research and Management (23) 1-13
Surface soil reclamation is used to increase the re-establishment of native vegetation following disturbance through preservation and eventual replacement of the indigenous seed reserves. Employed widely in the mining industry, soil reclamation has had variable success in re-establishing native vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions. We tested whether variable success...
Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA
J. W. Harvey, P.V. McCormick
2009, Hydrogeology Journal (17) 185-201
The Everglades (Florida, USA) is one of the world's larger subtropical peatlands with biological communities adapted to waters low in total dissolved solids and nutrients. Detecting how the pre-drainage hydrological system has been altered is crucial to preserving its functional attributes. However, reliable tools for hindcasting historic conditions in the...
The Neoglacial landscape and human history of Glacier Bay, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, southeast Alaska, USA
C. Connor, G. Streveler, A. Post, D. Monteith, W. Howell
2009, Holocene (19) 381-393
The Neoglacial landscape of the Huna Tlingit homeland in Glacier Bay is recreated through new interpretations of the lower Bay's fjordal geomorphology, late Quaternary geology and its ethnographic landscape. Geological interpretation is enhanced by 38 radiocarbon dates compiled from published and unpublished sources, as well as 15 newly dated samples....
Attempts to identify Clostridium botulinum toxin in milk from three experimentally intoxicated Holstein cows
R.B. Moeller Jr., B. Puschner, R.L. Walker, Tonie E. Rocke, S.R. Smith, J.S. Cullor, A.A. Ardans
2009, Journal of Dairy Science (92) 2529-2533
Three adult lactating Holstein cows were injected in the subcutaneous abdominal vein with 175 ng/kg of body weight of Clostridium botulinum type C toxin (451 cow median toxic doses) to determine if this botulinum toxin crosses the blood–milk barrier. Whole blood (in sodium heparin) and clotted blood serum samples were taken at 0 min,...
Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests
B. Oberle, J.B. Grace, J.M. Chase
2009, Global Ecology and Biogeography (18) 416-425
Aim: Species richness has been observed to increase with productivity at large spatial scales, though the strength of this relationship varies among functional groups. In forests, canopy trees shade understorey plants, and for this reason we hypothesize that species richness of canopy trees will depend on macroclimate, while species richness...
Soil nitrogen balance under wastewater management: Field measurements and simulation results
M. Sophocleous, M.A. Townsend, F. Vocasek, Liwang Ma, A. KC
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 1286-1301
The use of treated wastewater for irrigation of crops could result in high nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations in the vadose zone and ground water. The goal of this 2-yr field-monitoring study in the deep silty clay loam soils south of Dodge City, Kansas, was to assess how and under what circumstances...
Providing public standardized data access function: Lessons learned from accessing USGS Landsat archive
X. Cheng, Y. Bai, L. Di, D. Nebert
2009, Conference Paper, 2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009
The geospatial community is experiencing a shift from having data locally to sharing them over the Web. However, not all the data accessing systems are built in compliance with open geospatial standards and thus are weak in terms of interoperability. The USGS Landsat data are now available through free electronic...
Mesohaline submerged aquatic vegetation survey along the U.S. gulf of Mexico coast, 2001 and 2002: A salinity gradient approach
J.H. Merino, J. Carter, S.L. Merino
2009, Gulf of Mexico Science (27) 9-20
Distribution of marine submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV; i.e., seagrass) in the northern Gulf of Mexico coast has been documented, but there are nonmarine submersed or SAV species occurring in estuarine salinities that have not been extensively reported. We sampled 276 SAV beds along the gulf coast in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi,...
Ultrahigh resolution topographic mapping of Mars with MRO HiRISE stereo images: Meter-scale slopes of candidate Phoenix landing sites
Randolph L. Kirk, Elpitha Howington-Kraus, Mark R. Rosiek, Jeffery A. Anderson, Brent A. Archinal, Kris J. Becker, D.A. Cook, Donna M. Galuszka, Paul E. Geissler, Trent M. Hare, I.M. Holmberg, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, Bonnie L. Redding, W.A. Delamere, D. Gallagher, J.D. Chapel, Eric M. Eliason, R. King, Alfred S. McEwen
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
The objectives of this paper are twofold: first, to report our estimates of the meter‐to‐decameter‐scale topography and slopes of candidate landing sites for the Phoenix mission, based on analysis of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images with a typical pixel scale of 3 m and Mars Reconnaissance...
