Food habits of American black bears as a metric for direct management of humanbear conflict in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California
S.S. Greenleaf, S.M. Matthews, R.G. Wright, J.J. Beecham, H.M. Leithead
2009, Ursus (20) 94-101
The management of human-American black bear (Ursus americanus) conflict has been of significant concern for Yosemite National Park (YNP) personnel since the 1920s. Park managers implemented the YNP Human-Bear Management Plan in 1975 in an effort to reduce human-bear conflicts, especially in the extensively developed Yosemite Valley (YV). We used...
Human-provided waters for desert wildlife: What is the problem?
D.J. Mattson, N. Chambers
2009, Policy Sciences (42) 113-135
Conflict persists in southwestern deserts of the United States over management of human-constructed devices to provide wildlife with water. We appraised decision processes in this case relative to the goal of human dignity and by the standards of civility and common interest outcomes. Our analysis suggested that conflict was scientized,...
Spectral distance decay
D. Rocchinl, H. Nagendra, R. Ghate, B.S. Cade
2009, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (75) 1225-1230
Remotely sensed data represents key information for character-izing and estimating biodiversity. Spectral distance among sites has proven to be a powerful approach for detecting species composition variability. Regression analysis of species similarity versus spectral distance may allow us to quantitatively estimate how beta-diversity in species changes with respect to spectral...
Nitrogen losses from dairy manure estimated through nitrogen mass balance and chemical markers
Alexander N. Hristov, S. Zaman, M. Vander Pol, P. Ndegwa, L. Campbell, S. Silva
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 2438-2448
Ammonia is an important air and water pollutant, but the spatial variation in its concentrations presents technical difficulties in accurate determination of ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between ammonia volatilization and ??15N of dairy manure and the feasibility of...
Sources of land-derived runoff to a coral reef-fringed embayment identified using geochemical tracers in nearshore sediment traps
Renee K. Takesue, Michael H. Bothner, Richard L. Reynolds
2009, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (85) 459-471
Geochemical tracers, including Ba, Co, Th, 7Be, 137Cs and 210Pb, and magnetic properties were used to characterize terrestrial runoff collected in nearshore time-series sediment traps in Hanalei Bay, Kauai, during flood and dry conditions in summer 2006, and to fingerprint possible runoff sources in the lower watershed. In combination, the...
A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers
Andrew J. Long, P.C. Gilcrease
2009, Journal of Hydrology (378) 230-239
A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers is presented as an alternative to two or three-dimensional distributed-parameter models, which are data intensive and require knowledge of conduit locations. This model can be applied for cases where water temperature in a well or spring receives all or part...
Differential virulence mechanisms of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) include host entry and virus replication kinetics
M.M.D. Penaranda, M. K. Purcell, Gael Kurath
2009, Journal of General Virology (90) 2172-2182
Host specificity is a phenomenon exhibited by all viruses. For the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), differential specificity of virus strains from the U and M genogroups has been established both in the field and in experimental challenges. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), M IHNV strains are consistently...
Negligible influence of spatial autocorrelation in the assessment of fire effects in a mixed conifer forest
P. J. van Mantgem, D.W. Schwilk
2009, Fire Ecology (5) 116-125
Fire is an important feature of many forest ecosystems, although the quantification of its effects is compromised by the large scale at which fire occurs and its inherent unpredictability. A recurring problem is the use of subsamples collected within individual burns, potentially resulting in spatially autocorrelated data. Using subsamples from...
Strong Motion Instrumentation of Seismically-Strengthened Port Structures in California by CSMIP
M.J. Huang, A.F. Shakal
2009, Conference Paper, TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment
The California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) has instrumented five port structures. Instrumentation of two more port structures is underway and another one is in planning. Two of the port structures have been seismically strengthened. The primary goals of the strong motion instrumentation are to obtain strong earthquake shaking data...
A less field-intensive robust design for estimating demographic parameters with Mark-resight data
B.T. McClintock, Gary C. White
2009, Ecology (90) 313-320
The robust design has become popular among animal ecologists as a means for estimating population abundance and related demographic parameters with mark-recapture data. However, two drawbacks of traditional mark-recapture are financial cost and repeated disturbance to animals. Mark-resight methodology may in many circumstances be a less expensive and less invasive...
Delayed conifer mortality after fuel reduction treatments: Interactive effects of fuel, fire intensity, and bark beetles
A. Youngblood, J.B. Grace, J.D. Mciver
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 321-337
Many low‐elevation dry forests of the western United States contain more small trees and fewer large trees, more down woody debris, and less diverse and vigorous understory plant communities compared to conditions under historical fire regimes. These altered structural conditions may contribute to increased probability of unnaturally severe wildfires, susceptibility...
Integrating scientific knowledge into large-scale restoration programs: the CALFED Bay-Delta Program experience
Kimberly A. Taylor, A. Short
2009, Environmental Science and Policy (12) 674-683
Integrating science into resource management activities is a goal of the CALFED Bay-Delta Program, a multi-agency effort to address water supply reliability, ecological condition, drinking water quality, and levees in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of northern California. Under CALFED, many different strategies were used to integrate science, including interaction between...
Delineation of Magnesium-rich Ultramafic Rocks Available for Mineral Carbon Sequestration in the United States
S. C. Krevor, C. R. Graves, B. S. Van Gosen, A. E. McCafferty
2009, Conference Paper, Energy Procedia
The 2005 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage suggested that a major gap in mineral carbon sequestration is locating the magnesium-silicate bedrock available to sequester CO2. It is generally known that silicate minerals with high concentrations of magnesium are suitable for mineral carbonation. However,...
Real-time flood forecasting
C. Lai, T.-K. Tsay, C.-H. Chien, I.-L. Wu
2009, American Scientist (97) 119-125
Researchers at the Hydroinformatic Research and Development Team (HIRDT) of the National Taiwan University undertook a project to create a real time flood forecasting model, with an aim to predict the current in the Tamsui River Basin. The model was designed based on deterministic approach with mathematic modeling of complex...
The Pliocene Lost River found to west: Detrital zircon evidence of drainage disruption along a subsiding hotspot track
M.K.V. Hodges, P. K. Link, C.M. Fanning
2009, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (188) 237-249
SHRIMP analysis of U/Pb ages of detrital zircons in twelve late Miocene to Pleistocene sand samples from six drill cores on the Snake River Plain (SRP), Idaho, suggests that an ancestral Lost River system was drained westward along the northern side of the SRP. Neoproterozoic (650 to 740??Ma, Cryogenian) detrital...
Non-native plant invasions of United States National parks
J. A. Allen, C. S. Brown, T.J. Stohlgren
2009, Biological Invasions (11) 2195-2207
The United States National Park Service was created to protect and make accessible to the public the nation's most precious natural resources and cultural features for present and future generations. However, this heritage is threatened by the invasion of non-native plants, animals, and pathogens. To evaluate the scope of invasions,...
Geological factors affecting CO2 plume distribution
S.M. Frailey, H. Leetaru
2009, Conference Paper, Energy Procedia
Understanding the lateral extent of a CO2 plume has important implications with regards to buying/leasing pore volume rights, defining the area of review for an injection permit, determining the extent of an MMV plan, and managing basin-scale sequestration from multiple injection sites. The vertical and lateral distribution of CO2 has...
Volcanic hazards to airports
Marianne C. Guffanti, Gari C. Mayberry, Thomas J. Casadevall, Richard Wunderman
2009, Natural Hazards (51) 287-302
Volcanic activity has caused significant hazards to numerous airports worldwide, with local to far-ranging effects on travelers and commerce. Analysis of a new compilation of incidents of airports impacted by volcanic activity from 1944 through 2006 reveals that, at a minimum, 101 airports in 28 countries were affected on 171...
Landsliding in partially saturated materials
J. W. Godt, R.L. Baum, N. Lu
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
Rainfall‐induced landslides are pervasive in hillslope environments around the world and among the most costly and deadly natural hazards. However, capturing their occurrence with scientific instrumentation in a natural setting is extremely rare. The prevailing thinking on landslide initiation, particularly for those landslides that occur under intense precipitation, is that...
Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: Inferences from multistate models
D.R. Breininger, J.D. Nichols, G.M. Carter, D.M. Oddy
2009, Ecology (90) 3180-3189
Quantifying habitat-specific survival and changes in habitat quality within disturbance-prone habitats is critical for understanding population dynamics and variation in fitness, and for managing degraded ecosystems. We used 18 years of color-banding data and multistate capture-recapture models to test whether habitat quality within territories influences survival and detection probability of...
Comparison of clast frequency and size in the resurge deposits at the Chesapeake Bay impact structure (Eyreville A and Langley cores): Clues to the resurge process
Jens Ormo, Erik Sturkell, J. Wright Horton, Jr., David S. Powars, Lucy E. Edwards
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 617-632
Collapse and inward slumping of unconsolidated sedimentary strata expanded the Chesapeake Bay impact structure far beyond its central basement crater. During crater collapse, sediment-loaded water surged back to fill the crater. Here, we analyze clast frequency and granulometry of these resurge deposits in one core hole from the outermost part...
Egg fatty acid composition from lake trout fed two Lake Michigan prey fish species.
D. C. Honeyfield, J.D. Fitzsimons, D. E. Tillitt, S.B. Brown
2009, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (21) 272-278
We previously demonstrated that there were significant differences in the egg thiamine content in lake trout Salvelinus namaycush fed two Lake Michigan prey fish (alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and bloater Coregonus hoyi). Lake trout fed alewives produced eggs low in thiamine, but it was unknown whether the consumption of alewives affected...
Moon meteoritic seismic hum: Steady state prediction
P. Lognonne, M.L. Feuvre, C.L. Johnson, R.C. Weber
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
We use three different statistical models describing the frequency of meteoroid impacts on Earth to estimate the seismic background noise due to impacts on the lunar surface. Because of diffraction, seismic events on the Moon are typically characterized by long codas, lasting 1 h or more. We find that the...
Delayed tree mortality in the Atchafalaya Basin of Southern Louisiana following Hurricane Andrew
B. D. Keeland, L.E. Gorham
2009, Wetlands (29) 101-111
Hurricanes can damage trees in forested wetlands, and the potential for mortality related to these storms exists due to the effects of tree damage over time. In August 1992, Hurricane Andrew passed through the forested wetlands of southern Louisiana with winds in excess of 225 kph. Although more than 78...
River restoration strategies in channelized, low-gradient landscapes of West Tennessee, USA
D.P. Smith, T.H. Diehl, L. A. Turrini-Smith, J. Maas-Baldwin, Z. Croyle
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 215-229
West Tennessee has a complex history of watershed disturbance, including agricultural erosion, channelization, accelerated valley sedimentation, and the removal and reestablishment of beaver. Watershed management has evolved from fl oodplain drainage via pervasive channelization to include local drainage canal maintenance and local river restoration. Many unmaintained canals are undergoing excessive...
