UZIG USGS research: Advances through interdisciplinary interaction
J. R. Nimmo, Brian J. Andraski, M.-C. Rafael
2009, Vadose Zone Journal (8) 411-413
BBecause vadose zone research relates to diverse disciplines, applications, and modes of research, collaboration across traditional operational and topical divisions is especially likely to yield major advances in understanding. The Unsaturated Zone Interest Group (UZIG) is an informal organization sponsored by the USGS to encourage and support interdisciplinary collaboration in...
Integrated treatment process using a natural Wyoming clinoptilolite for remediating produced waters from coalbed natural gas operations
H. Zhao, G.F. Vance, M.A. Urynowicz, R.W. Gregory
2009, Applied Clay Science (42) 379-385
Coalbed natural gas (CBNG) development in western U.S. states has resulted in an increase in an essential energy resource, but has also resulted in environmental impacts and additional regulatory needs. A concern associated with CBNG development relates to the production of the copious quantities of potentially saline-sodic groundwater required to...
Effect of experimental manipulation on survival and recruitment of feral pigs
L.B. Hanson, M.S. Mitchell, J.B. Grand, D.B. Jolley, B.D. Sparklin, S.S. Ditchkoff
2009, Wildlife Research (36) 185-191
Lethal removal is commonly used to reduce the density of invasive-species populations, presuming it reduces population growth rate; the actual effect of lethal removal on the vital rates contributing to population growth, however, is rarely tested. We implemented a manipulative experiment of feral pig (Sus scrofa) populations at Fort Benning,...
Introduction to Special Issue on: Interpreting the tectonic evolution of Pacific Rim margins using plate kinematics and slab-window volcanism
P. A. McCrory, D.S. Wilson
2009, Tectonophysics (464) 3-9
[No abstract available]...
Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish
M.P. Gaikowski, Christine L. Densmore, V. S. Blazer
2009, Aquaculture (287) 28-34
Chloramine-T (Cl-T) has been used safely and effectively to control bacterial gill disease in salmonids at a maximum exposure regimen of up to four consecutive, once-daily exposures administered for 60??min at 20??mg/L. However, data to document safe treatment concentrations of Cl-T are lacking for freshwater-reared fish other than salmonids. We...
Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: IV Acid-sulfate waters
D. Kirk Nordstrom, R. Blaine McCleskey, J.W. Ball
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 191-207
Many waters sampled in Yellowstone National Park, both high-temperature (30-94 ??C) and low-temperature (0-30 ??C), are acid-sulfate type with pH values of 1-5. Sulfuric acid is the dominant component, especially as pH values decrease below 3, and it forms from the oxidation of elemental S whose origin is H2S in...
Stress-related hormones and genetic diversity in sea otters (Enhydra lutris)
Shawn E. Larson, Daniel H. Monson, Brenda E. Ballachey, Ronald J. Jameson, S.K. Wasser
2009, Marine Mammal Science (25) 351-372
Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) once ranged throughout the coastal regions of the north Pacific, but were extirpated throughout their range during the fur trade of the 18th and 19th centuries, leaving only small, widely scattered, remnant populations. All extant sea otter populations are believed to have experienced a population bottleneck...
Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand
R. Anders, C.V. Chrysikopoulos
2009, Transport in Porous Media (76) 121-138
Laboratory-scale virus transport experiments were conducted in columns packed with sand under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The viruses employed were the male-specific RNA coliphage, MS2, and the Salmonella typhimurium phage, PRD1. The mathematical model developed by Sim and Chrysikopoulos (Water Resour Res 36:173–179, 2000) that accounts for processes responsible for...
What parts of the US mainland are climatically suitable for invasive alien pythons spreading from Everglades National Park?
G.H. Rodda, C. S. Jarnevich, R.N. Reed
2009, Biological Invasions (11) 241-252
The Burmese Python (Python molurus bivittatus) is now well established in southern Florida and spreading northward. The factors likely to limit this spread are unknown, but presumably include climate or are correlated with climate. We compiled monthly rainfall and temperature statistics from 149 stations located near the edge of the...
Temporal variability in chlorophyll fluorescence of back-reef corals in Ofu, American Samoa
G.A. Piniak, E.K. Brown
2009, Biological Bulletin (216) 55-67
Change in the yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence is a common indicator of thermal stress in corals. The present study reports temporal variability in quantum yield measurements for 10 coral species in Ofu, American Samoa—a place known to experience elevated and variable seawater temperatures. In winter, the zooxanthellae generally had higher dark-adapted...
Shallow seismic structure of Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Implications for the 2001 M s8.1 Kunlun earthquake
Chun-Yong Wang, Walter D. Mooney, Z. Ding, J. Yang, Z. Yao, H. Lou
2009, Geophysical Journal International (177) 978-1000
The shallow seismic velocity structure of the Kunlun fault zone (KLFZ) was jointly deduced from seismic refraction profiling and the records of trapped waves that were excited by five explosions. The data were collected after the 2001 Kunlun Ms8.1 earthquake in the northern Tibetan Plateau. Seismic phases for the in-line record...
Global circulation as the main source of cloud activity on Titan
S. Rodriguez, Stéphane Le Mouélic, P. Rannou, G. Tobie, K. H. Baines, J. W. Barnes, C.A. Griffith, M. Hirtzig, K.M. Pitman, Christophe Sotin, R. H. Brown, B. J. Buratti, R. N. Clark, P. D. Nicholson
2009, Nature (459) 678-682
Clouds on Titan result from the condensation of methane and ethane and, as on other planets, are primarily structured by circulation of the atmosphere. At present, cloud activity mainly occurs in the southern (summer) hemisphere, arising near the pole and at mid-latitudes from cumulus updrafts triggered by surface heating and/or...
Possible sources of archaeological maize found in Chaco Canyon and Aztec Ruin, New Mexico
L. V. Benson, J.R. Stein, Howard E. Taylor
2009, Journal of Archaeological Science (36) 387-407
Maize played a major role in Chaco's interaction with outlying communities in the southern Colorado Plateau. This paper seeks to determine where archaeological corn cobs brought to Chaco Canyon were grown. Strontium-isotope and trace-metal ratios of 180 soil-water and 18 surface-water sites in the Southern Colorado Plateau have revealed possible...
Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options
Karen C. Nelson, Margaret A. Palmer, James E. Pizzuto, Glenn E. Moglen, Paul L. Angermeier, Robert H. Hilderbrand, Mike Dettinger, Katharine Hayhoe
2009, Journal of Applied Ecology (46) 154-163
Streams collect runoff, heat, and sediment from their watersheds, making them highly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as urbanization and climate change. Forecasting the effects of these disturbances using process-based models is critical to identifying the form and magnitude of likely impacts. Here, we integrate a new biotic model with...
Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA
Barry P. Baldigo, G.B. Lawrence, R.W. Bode, H. A. Simonin, K. M. Roy, A. J. Smith
2009, Ecological Indicators (9) 226-239
Limited stream chemistry and macroinvertebrate data indicate that acidic deposition has adversely affected benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in numerous headwater streams of the western Adirondack Mountains of New York. No studies, however, have quantified the effects that acidic deposition and acidification may have had on resident fish and macroinvertebrate communities in...
Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments
Myung W. Lee, T. S. Collett
2009, Marine and Petroleum Geology (26) 775-781
Gas hydrate stability conditions restrict the occurrence of gas hydrate to unconsolidated and high water-content sediments at shallow depths. Because of these host sediments properties, seismic and well log data acquired for the detection of free gas and associated gas hydrate-bearing sediments often require nonconventional analysis. For example, a conventional...
Introduction to special section on impacts of land use change on water resources
David A. Stonestrom, Bridget R. Scanlon, Lu Zhang
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
Changes in land use have potentially large impacts on water resources, yet quantifying these impacts remains among the more challenging problems in hydrology. Water, food, energy, and climate are linked through complex webs of direct and indirect effects and feedbacks. Land use is undergoing major changes due not only to...
Historical and modern disturbance regimes, stand structures, and landscape dynamics in piñon-juniper vegetation of the western United States
William H. Romme, Craig D. Allen, John D. Bailey, William L. Baker, Brandon T. Bestelmeyer, Peter M. Brown, Karen S. Eisenhart, M. Lisa Floyd, David W. Huffman, Brian F. Jacobs, Richard F. Miller, Esteban H. Muldavin, Thomas W. Swetnam, Robin J. Tausch, Peter J. Weisberg
2009, Rangeland Ecology and Management (62) 203-222
Piñon–juniper is a major vegetation type in western North America. Effective management of these ecosystems has been hindered by inadequate understanding of 1) the variability in ecosystem structure and ecological processes that exists among the diverse combinations of piñons, junipers, and associated shrubs, herbs, and soil organisms; 2) the prehistoric...
Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Denitrification
P. J. Mulholland, R. O. Hall Jr., D. J. Sobota, W. K. Dodds, S.E.G. Findlay, N. B. Grimm, S. K. Hamilton, W. H. McDowell, J. M. O’Brien, J. L. Tank, L. R. Ashkenas, L. W. Cooper, Clifford N. Dahm, S.V. Gregory, S. L. Johnson, J.L. Meyer, B. J. Peterson, G. C. Poole, H. M. Valett, J.R. Webster, C. P. Arango, J. J. Beaulieu, M. J. Bernot, A. J. Burgin, C. L. Crenshaw, A. M. Helton, L. T. Johnson, B.R. Niederlehner, J. D. Potter, R.W. Sheibley, S.M. Thomasn
2009, Limnology and Oceanography (54) 666-680
We measured denitrification rates using a field 15N-NO- 3 tracer-addition approach in a large, cross-site study of nitrate uptake in reference, agricultural, and suburban-urban streams. We measured denitrification rates in 49 of 72 streams studied. Uptake length due to denitrification (SWden) ranged from 89 m to 184 km (median of...
Recent experimental data may point to a greater role for osmotic pressures in the subsurface
C. E. Neuzil, A.M. Provost
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
Uncertainty about the origin of anomalous fluid pressures in certain geologic settings has caused researchers to take a second look at osmosis, or flow driven by chemical potential differences, as a pressure‐generating process in the subsurface. Interest in geological osmosis has also increased because of an in situ experiment by...
Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA
J.D. Skalbeck, D.M. Reed, R. J. Hunt, J.D. Lambert
2009, Hydrogeology Journal (17) 215-228
Historically, drier types of wetlands have been difficult to characterize and are not well researched. Nonetheless, they are considered to reflect the precipitation history with little, if any, regard for possible relation to groundwater. Two seasonal coastal wetland types (wet prairie, sedge meadow) were investigated during three growing seasons at...
Effect of dietary α-tocopherol + ascorbic acid, selenium, and iron on oxidative stress in sub-yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum)
T.L. Welker, J.L. Congleton
2009, Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition (93) 15-25
A three-variable central composite design coupled with surface-response analysis was used to examine the effects of dietary ??-tocopherol + ascorbic acid (TOCAA), selenium (Se), and iron (Fe) on indices of oxidative stress in juvenile spring Chinook salmon. Each dietary factor was tested at five levels for a total of fifteen...
Geochemical gradients in soil O-horizon samples from southern Norway: Natural or anthropogenic?
C. Reimann, P. Englmaier, B. Flem, L. Gough, P. Lamothe, O. Nordgulen, D. Smith
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 62-76
Forty soil O- and C-horizon samples were collected along a south-to-north transect extending inland for approximately 200 km from the southern tip of Norway. The elements As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, W, Zn and Zr all...
Numerical simulation of dune-flat bed transition and stage‐discharge relationship with hysteresis effect
Yasuyuki Shimizu, Sanjay Giri, Satomi Yamaguchi, Jonathan M. Nelson
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
This work presents recent advances on morphodynamic modeling of bed forms under unsteady discharge. This paper includes further development of a morphodynamic model proposed earlier by Giri and Shimizu (2006a). This model reproduces the temporal development of river dunes and accurately replicates the physical properties associated with bed form evolution....
Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method
Y. Luo, J. Xia, J. Liu, Y. Xu, Q. Liu
2009, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (29) 71-79
The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method has been effectively used to determine near-surface shear- (S-) wave velocity. Estimating the S-wave velocity profile from Rayleigh-wave measurements is straightforward. A three-step process is required to obtain S-wave velocity profiles: acquisition of a multiple number of multichannel records along a linear...
