Oral and parenteral immunization of chickens (Gallus gallus) against West Nile virus with recombinant envelope protein
C. A. Fassbinder-Orth, Erik K. Hofmeister, C. Weeks-Levy, W. H. Karasov
2009, Avian Diseases (53) 502-509
West Nile virus (WNV) causes morbidity and mortality in humans, horses, and in more than 315 bird species in North America. Currently approved WNV vaccines are designed for parenteral administration and, as yet, no effective oral WNV vaccines have been developed. WNV envelope (E) protein is a highly antigenic protein...
Production of bovine cloned embryos with donor cells frozen at a slow cooling rate in a conventional freezer (20 C)
L. Chacon, M.C. Gomez, J.A. Jenkins, S.P. Leibo, G. Wirtu, B.L. Dresser, C.E. Pope
2009, Zygote (17) 341-351
Usually, fibroblasts are frozen in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO, 10% v/v) at a cooling rate of 1 °C/min in a low-temperature (−80 °C) freezer (LTF) before storage in liquid nitrogen (LN2); however, a LTF is not always available. The purpose...
Rapid middle Miocene collapse of the Mesozoic orogenic plateau in north-central Nevada
Joseph P. Colgan, Christopher D. Henry
2009, International Geology Review (51) 920-961
The modern Sierra Nevada and Great Basin were likely the site of a high-elevation orogenic plateau well into Cenozoic time, supported by crust thickened during Mesozoic shortening. Although crustal thickening at this scale can lead to extension, the relationship between Mesozoic shortening and subsequent formation of the Basin and Range...
Patterns and determinants of mammal species occurrence in India
K.K. Karanth, J.D. Nichols, J.E. Hines, K. U. Karanth, N.L. Christensen
2009, Journal of Applied Ecology (46) 1189-1200
Many Indian mammals face range contraction and extinction, but assessments of their population status are hindered by the lack of reliable distribution data and range maps. 2. We estimated the current geographical ranges of 20 species of large mammals by applying occupancy models to data from country-wide expert. We modelled...
Distribution limits of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: a case study in the Rocky Mountains, USA
Blake R. Hossack, Erin L. Muths, Chauncey W. Anderson, Julie D. Kirshtein, P. Stephen Corn
2009, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (45) 1198-1202
Knowledge of the environmental constraints on a pathogen is critical to predicting its dynamics and effects on populations. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), an aquatic fungus that has been linked with widespread amphibian declines, is ubiquitous in the Rocky Mountains. As part of assessing the distribution limits of Bd in our study...
Environmental correlates of breeding in the Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway)
J. L. Morrison, Kyle E. Pias, J.B. Cohen, D.H. Catlin
2009, The Auk (126) 755-764
We evaluated the influence of weather on reproduction of the Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway) in an agricultural landscape in south-central Florida. We used a mixed logistic-regression modeling approach within an information-theoretic framework to examine the influence of total rainfall, rainfall frequency, and temperature on the number of breeding pairs, timing...
Influences of high-flow events on a stream channel altered by construction of a highway bridge: A case study
Lara B. Hedrick, Stuart A. Welsh, James T. Anderson
2009, Northeastern Naturalist (16) 375-394
Impacts of highway construction on streams in the central Appalachians are a growing concern as new roads are created to promote tourism and economic development in the area. Alterations to the streambed of a first-order stream, Sauerkraut Run, Hardy County, WV, during construction of a highway overpass included placement and...
The moon as a radiometric reference source for on-orbit sensor stability calibration
T.C. Stone
2009, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
The wealth of data generated by the world's Earth-observing satellites, now spanning decades, allows the construction of long-term climate records. A key consideration for detecting climate trends is precise quantification of temporal changes in sensor calibration on-orbit. For radiometer instruments in the solar reflectance wavelength range (near-UV to shortwave-IR), the...
Landslide movement in southwest Colorado triggered by atmospheric tides
W.H. Schulz, J. W. Kean, G. Wang
2009, Nature Geoscience (2) 863-866
Landslides are among the most hazardous of geological processes, causing thousands of casualties and damage on the order of billions of dollars annually. The movement of most landslides occurs along a discrete shear surface, and is triggered by a reduction in the frictional strength of the surface. Infiltration of water...
Pre-impact tectonothermal evolution of the crystalline basement-derived rocks in the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure
R.L. Gibson, G.N. Townsend, J. Wright Horton Jr., W.U. Reimold
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 235-254
Pre-impact crystalline rocks of the lowermost 215 m of the Eyreville B drill core from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure consist of a sequence of pelitic mica schists with subsidiary metagraywackes or felsic metavolcanic rocks, amphibolite, and calc-silicate rock that is intruded by muscovite (??biotite, garnet) granite and granite pegmatite....
Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah
B. A. Kimball, R.L. Runkel
2009, Mine Water and the Environment (28) 274-290
Effective remediation requires an understanding of the relative contributions of metals from all sources in a catchment, and that understanding must be based on a spatially detailed quantification of metal loading. A traditional approach to quantifying metal loading has been to measure discharge and chemistry at a catchment outlet. This...
Using nitrate dual isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) as a tool for exploring sources and cycling of nitrate in an estuarine system: Elkhorn Slough, California
Scott D. Wankel, Carol Kendall, Adina Paytan
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (114)
Nitrate (NO3−) concentrations and dual isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) were measured during various seasons and tidal conditions in Elkhorn Slough to evaluate mixing of sources of NO3− within this California estuary. We found the isotopic composition of NO3− was influenced most heavily by mixing of two primary sources with unique isotopic signatures,...
Ecophysiology of "halarsenatibacter silvermanii" strain SLAS-1T, gen. nov., sp. nov., a facultative chemoautotrophic arsenate respirer from salt-saturated Searles Lake, California
J.S. Blum, S. Han, B. Lanoil, C. Saltikov, B. Witte, F.R. Tabita, S. Langley, T.J. Beveridge, L. Jahnke, R.S. Oremland
2009, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (75) 1950-1960
Searles Lake occupies a closed basin harboring salt-saturated, alkaline brines that have exceptionally high concentrations of arsenic oxyanions. Strain SLAS-1T was previously isolated from Searles Lake (R. S. Oremland, T. R. Kulp, J. Switzer Blum, S. E. Hoeft, S. Baesman, L. G. Miller, and J. F. Stolz, Science 308:1305-1308, 2005)....
Concentration-discharge relationships reflect chemostatic characteristics of US catchments
S.E. Godsey, J.W. Kirchner, D. W. Clow
2009, Hydrological Processes (23) 1844-1864
Concentration-discharge relationships have been widely used as clues to the hydrochemical processes that control runoff chemistry. Here we examine concentration-discharge relationships for solutes produced primarily by mineral weathering in 59 geochemically diverse US catchments. We show that these catchments exhibit nearly chemostatic behaviour; their stream concentrations of weathering products such...
Evaluation of acute copper toxicity to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, lampsilis siliquoidea) in natural and reconstituted waters
N. Wang, C.A. Mebane, J.L. Kunz, C.G. Ingersoll, T.W. May, W.R. Arnold, R.C. Santore, T. Augspurger, F.J. Dwyer, M.C. Barniiart
2009, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (28) 2367-2377
The influence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and water composition on the toxicity of copper to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) were evaluated in natural and reconstituted waters. Acute 96‐h copper toxicity tests were conducted at four nominal DOC concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L...
Calibrated peer review assignments for the earth sciences
J.A. Rudd II, V.Z. Wang, C. Cervato, R.W. Ridky
2009, Journal of Geoscience Education (57) 328-334
Calibrated Peer Review ™ (CPR), a web-based instructional tool developed as part of the National Science Foundation reform initiatives in undergraduate science education, allows instructors to incorporate multiple writing assignments in large courses without overwhelming the instructor. This study reports successful implementation of CPR in a large, introductory geology course...
Biology of the caddisfly oligostomis ocelligera (Trichoptera: Phryganeidae) inhabiting acidic mine drainage in Pennsylvania
Lori A. Redell, W.K. Gall, R. M. Ross, D. S. Dropkin
2009, Northeastern Naturalist (16) 285-306
Oligostomis ocelligera (a phryganeid caddisfly) is reported for the first time from a degraded lotic systema first-order stream in north-central Pennsylvania that was severely impacted by acid mine drainage. Although uncommonly collected and poorly known, O. ocelligera maintained a substantial population in the mine discharge, free of competition from Plecoptera,...
An evaluation of sex-age-kill (SAK) model performance
Joshua J. Millspaugh, John R. Skalski, Richard L. Townsend, Duane R. Diefenbach, Mark S. Boyce, Lonnie P. Hansen, Kent Kammermeyer
2009, Journal of Wildlife Management (73) 442-451
The sex-age-kill (SAK) model is widely used to estimate abundance of harvested large mammals, including white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Despite a long history of use, few formal evaluations of SAK performance exist. We investigated how violations of the stable age distribution and stationary population assumption, changes to male or female...
Recent developments in understanding the tectonic evolution of the Southern California offshore area: Implications for earthquake-hazard analysis
M. A. Fisher, V.E. Langenheim, C. Nicholson, H. F. Ryan, R. W. Sliter
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 229-250
During late Mesozoic and Cenozoic time, three main tectonic episodes affected the Southern California offshore area. Each episode imposed its unique structural imprint such that early-formed structures controlled or at least influenced the location and development of later ones. This cascaded structural inheritance greatly complicates analysis of the extent, orientation,...
Breeding-season sympatry facilitates genetic exchange among allopatric wintering populations of Northern Pintails in Japan and California
Paul L. Flint, Kiyoaki Ozaki, John M. Pearce, Brian Guzzetti, Hiroyoshi Higuchi, Joseph P. Fleskes, Tetsuo Shimada, Dirk V. Derksen
2009, Condor (111) 591-598
The global redistribution of pathogens, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza, has renewed interest in the connectivity of continental populations of birds. Populations of the Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) wintering in Japan and California are considered separate from a management perspective. We used data from band recoveries and population genetics...
Analysis of lidar elevation data for improved identification and delineation of lands vulnerable to sea-level rise
Dean B. Gesch
2009, Journal of Coastal Research (Special Issue 53) 49-58
The importance of sea-level rise in shaping coastal landscapes is well recognized within the earth science community, but as with many natural hazards, communicating the risks associated with sea-level rise remains a challenge. Topography is a key parameter that influences many of the processes involved in coastal change, and thus,...
Late Quaternary sediment-accumulation rates within the inner basins of the California Continental Borderland in support of geologic hazard evaluation
W. R. Normark, M. McGann, R. W. Sliter
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 117-139
An evaluation of the geologic hazards of the inner California Borderland requires determination of the timing for faulting and mass-movement episodes during the Holocene. Our effort focused on basin slopes and turbidite systems on the basin floors for the area between Santa Barbara and San Diego, California. Dating condensed sections...
Avian assemblages in the lower Missouri river floodplain
W.E. Thogmartin, M. Gallagher, N. Young, J.J. Rohweder, F. Durbian, M. G. Knutson
2009, Wetlands (29) 552-562
Floodplain habitat provides important migration and breeding habitat for birds in the midwestern United States. However, few studies have examined how the avian assemblage changes with different stages of floodplain forest succession in the midwestern United States. In spring and summer from 2002 to 2004, we conducted 839 point counts...
Nutrient dynamics in the lower Mississippi river floodplain: Comparing present and historic hydrologic conditions
H.L. Schramm Jr., M.S. Cox, T.E. Tietjen, A.W. Ezell
2009, Wetlands (29) 476-487
Alterations to the lower Mississippi River-floodplain ecosystem to facilitate commercial navigation and to reduce flooding of agricultural lands and communities in the historic floodplain have changed the hydrologic regime. As a result, the flood pulse usually has a lower water level, is of shorter duration, has colder water temperatures, and...
Pollen-based biome reconstructions for Latin America at 0, 6000 and 18 000 radiocarbon years ago
R. Marchant, A. Cleef, S. P. Harrison, H. Hooghiemstra, Vera Markgraf, J. Van Boxel, T. Ager, L. Almeida, R. Anderson, C. Baied, H. Behling, J. C. Berrio, R. Burbridge, S. Bjorck, R. Byrne, M. Bush, J. Duivenvoorden, J. Flenley, P. De Oliveira, B. Van Gee, K. Graf, W. D. Gosling, S. Harbele, T. Van Der Hammen, B. Hansen, S. Horn, P. Kuhry, M.-P. Ledru, F. Mayle, B. Leyden, S. Lozano-Garcia, A. M. Melief, P. Moreno, N. T. Moar, A. Prieto, G. Van Reenen, F. Schabitz, M. Salgado-Labouriau, E. J. Schreve-Brinkman, M. Wille
2009, Climate of the Past (5) 725-767
The biomisation method is used to reconstruct Latin American vegetation at 6000±500 and 18 000±1000 radiocarbon years before present (14C yr BP) from pollen data. Tests using modern pollen data from 381 samples derived from 287 locations broadly reproduce potential natural vegetation. The strong temperature gradient associated with the Andes...
