The impact of uncertainties in hydrologic measurement on phosphorus budgets and empirical models for two Colorado reservoirs.
James W. LaBaugh, T. C. Winter
1984, Limnology and Oceanography (29) 322-339
Water budgets and related chemical budgets of aquatic ecosystems commonly are interpreted without reference to uncertainties resulting from errors of measurement. The importance of such uncertainties in the use and interpretation of the phosphorus budgets of two Colorado reservoirs was determined....
JOINT DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL 1:100,000-SCALE DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHIC DATA BASE.
George M. Callahan, Frederick R. Broome
1984, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
The U. S. Geological Survey is beginning a major new program to create a nationwide digital cartographic data base from 1:100,000-scale maps by the end of the decade. This data base will supplement the currently available 1:2,000,000-scale national data base and the selected coverage at 1:24,000-scale. It is anticipated that...
U.S. Geological Survey probabilistic methodology for oil and gas resource appraisal of the United States
R. A. Crovelli
1984, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (16) 797-808
Probabilistic methodology used by the U.S. Geological Survey is described for estimating the quantity of undiscovered recoverable conventional resources of oil and gas in the United States. A judgmental probability distribution of the "quantity of resource" and its properties is determined for a geologic province or basin. From this distribution,...
APPLICATION OF NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICS TO EVALUATE THE COMPARABILITY OF ANALYTICAL DATA FROM TWO U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY LABORATORIES.
Dale B. Peart, Linda C. Friedman
1984, Conference Paper, National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry
The U. S. Geological Survey operates two water-quality laboratories. The quality of data produced by each laboratory is judged primarily from an evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of reference samples. Quality-assurance reports that contain an analysis of the results obtained from chemical analysis of these reference materials...
Heat capacities and entropies of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and siderite (FeCO3) between 5 and 600 K.
R. A. Robie, H.T. Haselton Jr., B. S. Hemingway
1984, American Mineralogist (69) 349-357
The heat capacities of rhodochrosite, (Mn0.994Fe0.005Mg0.001)CO3, and siderite, 171(Fe0.956Mn0.042Mg0.002)CO3, were measured between 5 and 550 K by combined cryogenic-adiabatic and differential scanning calorimetry. These new data were used to reanalyse the thermodynamic properties of these phases.-J.A.Z....
TECHNIQUE FOR ENHANCING DIGITAL COLOR IMAGES BY CONTRAST STRETCHING IN MUNSELL COLOR SPACE.
Fred A. Kruse, Gary L. Raines
1984, Conference Paper
The Munsell color system can be used to further enhance the appearance of high-quality digital color-composite images. A color-balanced 'standard' color-composite image is first produced using any desired contrast stretching algorithm. The stretched digital data are then transformed into the cylindrical Munsell color space. An enhanced version of a color-composite...
The origin and early genesis of clay bands in youthful sandy soils along lake Michigan, U.S.A.
R. C. Berg
1984, Geoderma (32) 45-62
A beach ridge and dune complex with good radiocarbon control sampling the last 3500 radiocarbon years B.P. provides new insights on the early genesis of clay bands in sandy soils. Soil profiles were sampled by age groups, described in the field, and then subjected to laboratory analyses for particle-size distribution,...
Technical problems in the construction of a map to zone the earthquake ground-shaking hazard in the United States
W. W. Hays
1984, Engineering Geology (20) 13-23
Zoning of the earthquake ground-shaking hazard — the division of a region into geographic areas having a similar relative severity or response to ground shaking — has been a goal in the United States for about fifty years. During this period,...
Monitoring unrest in a large silicic caldera, the long Valley-inyo craters volcanic complex in east-central California
D.P. Hill
1984, Bulletin Volcanologique (47) 371-395
Recent patterns of geologic unrest in long Valley caldera in east-central California emphasize that this large, silicic volcanic system and the adjacent, geologically youthful Inyo-Mono Craters volcanic chain are still active and capable of producing locally hazardous volcanic eruptions. A series of four magnitude -6 earthquakes in May 1980 called...
Illinois basin coal fly ashes. 2. Equilibria relationships and qualitative modeling of ash-water reactions
William R. Roy, R. A. Griffin
1984, Environmental Science & Technology (18) 739-742
No abstract available....
Losses from effluent taxes and quotas under uncertainty
W.D. Watson, R.G. Ridker
1984, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management (11) 310-326
Recent theoretical papers by Adar and Griffin (J. Environ. Econ. Manag.3, 178–188 (1976)), Fishelson (J. Environ. Econ. Manag.3, 189–197 (1976)), and Weitzman (Rev. Econ. Studies 41, 477–491 (1974)) show that, different expected social losses arise from using effluent taxes and quotas as alternative control instruments when marginal control costs are...
Landslides caused by earthquakes
D. K. Keefer
1984, Geological Society of America Bulletin (95) 406-421
Data from 40 historical world-wide earthquakes were studied to determine the characteristics, geologic environments, and hazards of landslides caused by seismic events. This sample of 40 events was supplemented with intensity data from several hundred United States earthquakes to study relations between landslide...
Geochronology of Precambrian granites and associated U-Ti-Th mineralization, northern Olary province, South Australia
K.R. Ludwig, J.A. Cooper
1984, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (86) 298-308
Proterozoic granitoids and metamorphic rocks in the Olary province of the Willyama block of South Australia host ore-grade amounts of U-Th-Ti and U-Fe-Ti-Th minerals. U-Pb-Th isotope analyses on zircons from all granitoids associated with the Crocker Well brannerite deposit indicate that these granitoids were intruded within a short time span,...
The occurrence and behavior of radium in saline formation water of the U.S. Gulf Coast region
T. F. Kraemer, D.F. Reid
1984, Chemical Geology (46) 153-174
Radium has been measured in deep saline formation waters produced from a variety of U.S. Gulf Coast subsurface environments, including oil reservoirs, gas reservoirs and water-producing geopressured aquifers. A strong positive correlation has been found between formation-water salinity and Ra...
Flameless atomic absorption determination of platinum, palladium, and rhodium in geologic materials
Philip Aruscavage, F.O. Simon, R. Moore
1984, Geostandards Newsletter (8) 3-6
Platinum, palladium and rhodium have been determined in 18 U.S. Geological Survey reference materials by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration by the classical leadfree assay technique. A comparison with literature values shows clearly the need for additional data on these samples before “best” values can be assigned....
Mineral resources of the Atlantic Exclusive Economic Zone
William P. Dillon
1984, Conference Paper, Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)
Potential mineral resources of the Atlantic Exclusive Economic Zone (including the Gulf of Mexico and US Caribbean areas) include petroleum, sand and gravel, phosphorite, placer deposits of heavy mineral sands, ferromanganese nodules, and fresh water. Although major efforts have been made to search for petroleum, the oil and gas resources...
Manganese-rich red tourmaline from the Fowler talc belt, New York.
R. A. Ayuso, C. Erwin Brown
1984, Canadian Mineralogist (22) 327-331
Red uvite containing up to 4.34 wt.% MnO is found in the Arnold talc mine near Fowler, New York, USA. Microprobe analyses give a composition of 51% uvite in the uvite-dravite series. Associated minerals in this manganiferous metamorphic assemblage (possibly an evaporite) are manganese-rich tremolite (hexagonite) braunite and quartz.-R.A.G....
Evaluation of metal ion absorptive characteristics of three types of plastic sample bags used for pecipitation sampling
A.B. Good, L.J. Schroder
1984, Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Environmental Science and Engineering (19) 631-640
Simulated precipitation samples containing 16 metal ions were prepared at 4 pH values. Absorptive characteristics of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyester/polyolefin sacks were evaluated at pH 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. Simulated precipitation was in contact with the sacks for 17 days, and subsamples were removed for chemical analysis at 3,...
Gold in natural water: A method of determination by solvent extraction and electrothermal atomization
J. B. McHugh
1984, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (20) 303-310
A method has been developed using electrothermal atomization to effectively determine the amount of gold in natural water within the nanogram range. The method has four basic steps: (1) evaporating a 1-L sample; (2) putting it in hydrobromic acid-bromine solution; (3) extracting the sample with methyl-isobutyl-ketone; and (4) determining the...
Uplift and submarine formation of some Melanesian porphyry copper deposits: Stable isotope evidence
A.R. Chivas, J. R. O’Neil, G. Katchan
1984, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (68) 326-334
Hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses of sericites and kaolinites from four young porphyry copper deposits (Ok Tedi (1.2 Ma) and Yandera (6.5 Ma), Papua New Guinea; Koloula (1.5 Ma), Solomon Islands; and Waisoi (<5 Ma), Fiji) indicate that the fluids from which these minerals precipitated were of mixed magmatic and...
Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 1. An experimental analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream
Kenneth E. Bencala, Vance C. Kennedy, Gary W. Zellweger, Alan P. Jackman, Ronald J. Avanzino
1984, Water Resources Research (20) 1797-1803
An experimental injection was performed to study the transport of stream water solutes under conditions of significant interaction with streambed sediments in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream. Experiments were conducted in Little Lost Man Creek, Humboldt County, California, in a period of low flow duringwhich only a part of the bank-full...
Ferromanganese crust resources in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
R.F. Commeau, A. Clark, Chad Johnson, F.T. Manheim, P. J. Aruscavage, C.M. Lane
1984, Conference Paper, Oceans '84 : Conference record : Industry, government, education - Designs for the future
Ferromanganese crusts on raised areas of the ocean floor have joined abyssal manganese nodules and hydrothermal sulfides as potential marine resources. Significant volumes of cobalt-rich (about 1% Co) crusts have been identified to date within the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Central Pacific: in the NW Hawaiian Ridge...
Copper and cobalt in aquatic mosses and stream sediments from the Idaho Cobalt Belt
J. A. Erdman, P.J. Modreski
1984, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (20) 75-84
Samples of stream sediments and aquatic mosses were collected from nine sites across several mineralized zones at the southeasternmost extension of the Idaho Cobalt Belt. Because the steepness of the terrain and the attendant high flow rate of the streams made it difficult to obtain adequate sediment samples, mosses were...
Concentrations and isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in ocean-floor basalts
H. Sakai, D.J.D. Marais, A. Ueda, J.G. Moore
1984, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (48) 2433-2441
Fresh submarine basalt glasses from Galapagos Ridge, FAMOUS area, Cayman Trough and Kilauea east rift contain 22 to 160 ppm carbon and 0.3 to 2.8 ppm nitrogen, respectively, as the sums of dissolved species and vesicle-filling gases (CO2 and N2). The large range of variation in carbon content is due to...
Optimization of electrothermal atomization parameters for simultaneous multielement atomic absorption spectrometry
J. M. Harnly, Jean S. Kane
1984, Analytical Chemistry (56) 48-54
The effect of the acid matrix, the measurement mode (height or area), the atomizer surface (unpyrolyzed and pyrolyzed graphite), the atomization mode (from the wall or from a platform), and the atomization temperature on the simultaneous electrothermal atomization of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, and Zn was...
