The geology of the terrestrial planets.
M. H. Carr
1983, Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (21) 160-172
During the last four years our knowledge of the geology of the terrestrial planets has advanced rapidly. The advances are particularly noticeable for Venus and Mars. Improved understanding of Venus has come largely from the Pioneer Venus mission. The period was also one of almost continuous data gathering for Mars...
FINDINGS ON THE USE OF LANDSAT-3 RETURN BEAM VIDICON IMAGERY FOR DETECTING LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES.
Valerie A. Milazzo
1983, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
The spatial resolution of imagery from the return beam vidicon (RBV) camera aboard the Landsat-3 satellite suggested that such data might prove useful in inspecting land use and land cover maps. In this study, a 1972 land use and land cover map derived from aerial photographs is compared with a...
Geology of the Devonian black shales of the Appalachian basin
J.B. Roen
1983, Conference Paper, Preprints Symposia
Black shales of Devonian age in the Appalachian basin are a unique rock sequence. The high content of organic matter, which imparts the characteristic lithology, has for years attracted considerable interest in the shales as a possible source of energy. Concurrent with periodic and varied economic exploitations of the black...
THEMATIC MAPPER: DETAILED RADIOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS.
Hugh Kieffer
1983, Conference Paper
The paper is in abstract form. It discusses those radiometric characteristics of the Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) that can be established without absolute calibration or spectral data. Subscenes of radiometrically raw data (B-data) were examined on an individual detector basis; areas of uniform radiance were used to characterize subtle...
LITHOLOGIC MAPPING USING LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER DATA.
M. H. Podwysocki, J.W. Salisbury, O. D. Jones, D.L. Mimms
1983, Conference Paper
The paper is in abstract form. It discusses the Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM), with its new near infrared bands centered at 1. 65 mu m and 2. 20 mu m and spatial resolution of 30 m, which has been used to distinguish rocks containing minerals having ferric-iron absorption bands in...
Landslide risk assessment
P. Lessing, C.P. Messina, R.F. Fonner
1983, Environmental Geology (5) 93-99
Landslide risk can be assessed by evaluating geological conditions associated with past events. A sample of 2,4 16 slides from urban areas in West Virginia, each with 12 associated geological factors, has been analyzed using SAS computer methods. In addition, selected data have been normalized to account for areal distribution...
Clay mineral formation and transformation in rocks and soils
D. D. Eberl
1983, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (311) 241-257
Three mechanisms for clay mineral formation (inheritance, neoformation, and transformation) operating in three geological environments (weathering, sedimentary, and diagenetic-hydrothermal) yield nine possibilities for the origin of clay minerals in nature. Several of these possibilities are discussed in terms of the rock cycle. The mineralogy of clays neoformed in the weathering...
Chemistry and microbiology of a sewage spill in South San Francisco Bay
J. E. Cloern, R.S. Oremland
1983, Estuaries (6) 399-406
During three weeks of September 1979, the breakdown of a waste treatment plant resulted in the discharge of a large volume (1.5×107m3) of primary-treated sewage into a tributary of South San Francisco Bay, California. Chemical and microbial changes occurred within the tributary as decomposition and nitrification depleted dissolved oxygen. Associated...
VARIATIONS IN MINERAL MATTER CONTENT OF A PEAT DEPOSIT IN MAINE RESTING ON GLACIO-MARINE SEDIMENTS.
Cornelia C. Cameron, Paul Schruben
1983, Conference Paper, Los Alamos National Laboratory (Report) LA
The Great Heath, Washington County, Maine, is an excellent example of a multidomed ombrotrophic peatland resting on a gently undulating surface of glacio-marine sediments and towering above modern streams. A comprehensive study sponsored by the Geological Survey of Maine in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey included preparation of...
The nature of carbon dioxide waters in Snaefellsnes, western Iceland
S. Arnorsson, I. Barnes
1983, Geothermics (12) 171-176
Over 20 occurrences of thermal and non-thermal waters rich in carbon dioxide are known in the Snaefellsnes Peninsula of western Iceland. On the basis of the thermal, chemical and isotopic characteristics of these waters, and hydrological considerations, it is concluded that they represent meteoric waters which have seeped to variable...
Distribution of differentiated tholeiitic basalts on the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: A possible guide to geothermal exploration
R. B. Moore
1983, Geology (11) 136-140
Geologic mapping of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, indicates that more than 100 eruptions have extruded an estimated 10 km3 of basalt during the past 2,000 yr. Six eruptions in the past 200 yr have extruded about 1 km3. The...
INTERACTIVE NAME PLACEMENT FOR PROVISIONAL MAPS.
Jeffrey L. Goldberg, Thomas C. Miller
1983, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
Computer generation and placement of map type has been refined into a production mode at Mid-Continent Mapping Center (MCMC) for USGS 1:24,000- and 1:25,000-scale Provisional maps. The map collar program is written in FORTRAN using batch processing that allows the program to work in the background....
Kinetic analysis of strontium and potassium sorption onto sands and gravels in a natural channel
Kenneth E. Bencala, Alan P. Jackman, Vance C. Kennedy, Ronald J. Avanzino, Gary W. Zellweger
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 725-731
A kinetic, first-order mass transfer model was used to describe the sorption of strontium onto sand- and gravel-sized streambed sediments. Rate parameters, empirically determined for strontium, allowed for the prediction of potassium sorption with moderate success. The model parameters varied significantly with particle size. The sorption data were collected during...
Influence of the Onion Creek salt diapir on the late Cenozoic history of Fisher Valley, southeastern Utah
Steven M. Colman
1983, Geology (11) 240-243
More than 140 m of upper Cenozoic basin-fill sediments were deposited and then deformed in Fisher Valley between about 2.5 and 0.25 m.y. ago, in response to uplift of the adjacent Onion Creek salt diapir. In addition to these basin-fill sediments, minor amounts of eolian and fluvial sand were deposited...
Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range
J. E. Costa
1983, Geological Society of America Bulletin (94) 986-1004
Nine watersheds in the Colorado Front Range with steep bedrock channels were used to test the accuracy of paleohydraulic reconstruction of large flash floods using boulder deposits. The nine basins consist of eight small ungauged basins ranging in size from 1.6 to 29...
A method of calculating quartz solubilities in aqueous sodium chloride solutions
R.O. Fournier
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 579-586
The aqueous silica species that form when quartz dissolves in water or saline solutions are hydrated. Therefore, the amount of quartz that will dissolve at a given temperature is influenced by the prevailing activity of water. Using a standard state in which there are 1,000 g of water (55.51 moles)...
Distribution of oceanic and continental leads in the Arabian-Nubian Shield
J. S. Stacey, D. B. Stoeser
1983, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (84) 91-105
New common lead data for feldspar, whole-rock, and galena samples from the Arabian-Nubian Shield, together with data from previous work, can be divided into two main groups. Group I leads have oceanic (mantle) characteristics, whereas group II leads have incorporated a continental-crustal component of at least early Proterozoic age. The...
Major and trace elements in Mahogany zone oil shale in two cores from the Green River Formation, piceance basin, Colorado
M. L. Tuttle, W.E. Dean, N. L. Parduhn
1983, Conference Paper, Preprints Symposia
The Parachute Creek Member of the lacustrine Green River Formation contains thick sequences of rich oil-shale. The richest sequence and the richest oil-shale bed occurring in the member are called the Mahogany zone and the Mahogany bed, respectively, and were deposited in ancient Lake Uinta. The name "Mahogany" is derived...
Present and former equilibrium-line altitudes near Mount Everest, Nepal and Tibet
V. S. Williams
1983, Arctic and Alpine Research (15) 201-211
New information on equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) of present and former glaciers in the Mount Everest area of eastern Nepal and southern Tibet has been derived from field mapping and interpretation of topographic maps and Landsat imagery. Present ELAs rise from south to north across the Himalayan Range from 5200 to...
Expendable bubble tiltmeter for geophysical monitoring
J.A. Westphal, M.A. Carr, W.F. Miller, D. Dzurisin
1983, Review of Scientific Instruments (54) 415-418
An unusually rugged highly sensitive and inexpensive bubble tiltmeter has been designed, tested, and built in quantity. These tiltmeters are presently used on two volcanoes and an Alaskan glacier, where they continuously monitor surface tilts of geological interest. This paper discusses the mechanical, thermal, and electric details of the meter,...
The use of MAGSAT data to determine secular variation
J.C. Cain, J. Frayser, L. Muth, D. Schmitz
1983, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (88) 5903-5910
A combined spatial and secular variation model of the geomagnetic field, labeled M061581, is derived from a selection of Magsat data. Secular variation (SV) data computed from linear fits to midnight hourly values from 19 magnetic observatories were also included in the analysis but were seen to have little effect...
Estimation of groundwater recharge parameters by time series analysis
Richard L. Naff, Allan L. Gutjahr
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 1531-1546
A model is proposed that relates water level fluctuations in a Dupuit aquifer to effective precipitaton at the top of the unsaturated zone. Effective precipitation, defined herein as that portion of precipitation which becomes recharge, is related to precipitation measured in a nearby gage by a two-parameter function. A second-order...
Role of fluid mixing and fault-related sulfide in the origin of the Ray Point uranium district, south Texas
M. B. Goldhaber, R. L. Reynolds, R. O. Rye
1983, Economic Geology (78) 1043-1063
The Lamprecht and Felder deposits are roll-type deposits hosted by the Miocene Oakville Sandstone. Four distinct stages of FeS 2 mineral formation are recognized: (1) a generation of isotopically light (delta 34 S < -20 per mil) preore pyrite, (2) a generation of isotopically light (delta 34 S < -20 per mil) marcasite that formed mostly...
Faulting arrested by control of ground-water withdrawal in Houston, Texas
T. Holzer, R.K. Gabrysch, E.R. Verbeek
1983, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (15) 204-209
More than 86 historically active faults with an aggregate length of 150 miles have been identified within and adjacent to the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area. Although scarps of these faults grow gradually and without causing damaging earthquakes, historical fault offset has cost millions of dollars in damage to houses and...
Statistical averaging of marine magnetic anomalies and the aging of oceanic crust
R.J. Blakely
1983, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (88) 2289-2296
Visual comparison of Mesozoic and Cenozoic magnetic anomalies in the North Pacific suggests that older anomalies contain less short-wavelength information than younger anomalies in this area. To test this observation, magnetic profiles from the North Pacific are examined from crust of three ages: 0–2.1, 29.3–33.1, and 64.9–70.3 m.y, B.P. For...
