A review of distributed parameter groundwater management modeling methods
Steven M. Gorelick
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 305-319
Models which solve the governing groundwater flow or solute transport equations in conjunction with optimization techniques, such as linear and quadratic programing, are powerful aquifer management tools. Groundwater management models fall in two general categories: hydraulics or policy evaluation and water allocation. Groundwater hydraulic management models enable the determination of...
Importance of the Lu-Hf isotopic system in studies of planetary chronology and chemical evolution
P. J. Patchett
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 81-91
The 176Lu-176Hf isotope method and its applications in earth sciences are discussed. Greater fractionation of Lu/Hf than Sm/Nd in planetary magmatic processes makes 176Hf177Hf">176Hf177Hf a powerful geochemical tracer. In general, proportional variations of 176Hf177Hf"><span...
Remote detection of metal anomalies on Pilot Mountain, Randolph County, North Carolina
N.M. Milton, W. Collins, Sheng-Huei Chang, R. G. Schmidt
1983, Economic Geology (78) 605-617
Pilot Mountain, a hydrothermally altered monadnock within the Carolina slate belt, contains areas of anomalously high amounts of Cu, Mo, and Sn in the soils. Leaves of canopy trees in the mineralized zone also contain more copper than trees in a nearby control area. Spectral data were processed using a...
Palaeomagnetism of lower cretaceous tuffs from Yukon-Kuskokwim delta region, western Alaska
B.R. Globerman, R. S. Coe, J. M. Hoare, J. Decker
1983, Nature (305) 516-520
During the past decade, the prescient arguments1-3 for the allochthoneity of large portions of southern Alaska have been corroborated by detailed geological and palaeomagnetic studies in south-central Alaska 4-9 the Alaska Peninsula10, Kodiak Island11,12 and the Prince William Sound area13 (Fig. 1). These investigations have demonstrated sizeable northward displacements for...
Automated determination of bromide in waters by ion chromatography with an amperometric detector
G. S. Pyen, D. E. Erdmann
1983, Analytica Chimica Acta (149) 355-358
An automated ion chromatograph, including a program controller, an automatic sampler, an integrator, and an amperometric detector, was used to develop a procedure for the determination of bromide in rain water and many ground waters. Approximately 10 min is required to obtain a chromatogram. The detection limit for bromide is...
DIGITAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.
Patricia Fulton
1983, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
The geologic map of the United States was published in 1974 by the U. S. Geological Survey. This major publication contains an enormous amount of information on the surficial geology of the United States. Many geologists have used this map as a research tool. Most have needed information from only...
Birdseyes, fenestrae, shrinkage pores, and loferites: a reevaluation
E.A. Shinn
1983, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (53) 619-628
Birdseyes, birdseye limestone, fenestrae, fenestral fabric, shrinkage pores, and loferites are considered similar or synonymous when occurring in lime mudstone or syndepositional dolomite, especially in association with mudcracks and stromatolites. Compaction experiments indicate, however, that without early cementation, these vugs can be obliterated,...
Geophysical Logging in Carbonate Aquifers
L.M. MacCary
1983, Groundwater (21) 334-342
Some logging methods are inherently superior to others for the analysis of limestone and dolomite aquifers. Three such systems are the density, neutron, and acousticvelocity logs.Relative percentages of limestone and dolomite, average matrix (grain) densities of the rock mixtures, and porosity of the rock mass...
Hafnium isotope results from mid-ocean ridges and Kerguelen.
P. J. Patchett
1983, LITHOS (16) 47-51
176Hf/177Hf ratios are presented for oceanic volcanic rocks representing both extremes of the range of mantle Hf-Nd-Sr isotopic variation. Hf from critical mid-ocean ridge basalts shows that 176Hf/177Hf does indeed have a greater variability than 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr in the depleted mantle. This extra variation is essentially of a random...
Process and rate of dedolomitization: Mass transfer and C14 dating in a regional carbonate aquifer
W. Back, B.B. Hanshaw, Niel Plummer, P.H. Rahn, C.T. Rightmire, M. Rubin
1983, Geological Society of America Bulletin (94) 1415-1429
Regional dedolomitization is the major process that controls the chemical character of water in the Mississippian Pahasapa Limestone (Madison equivalent) surrounding the Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming. The process of dedolomitization consists of dolomite dissolution and concurrent precipitation of calcite; it is...
Evidence for dyke intrusion earthquake mechanisms near long valley caldera, California
B.R. Julian
1983, Nature (303) 323-325
A re-analysis of the magnitude 6 earthquakes that occurred near Long Valley caldera in eastern California on 25 and 27 May 1980, suggests that at least two of them, including the largest, were probably caused by fluid injection along nearly vertical surfaces and not by slip on faults. Several investigators...
The 1979 Homestead Valley earthquake sequence, California: Control of aftershocks and postseismic deformation
R.S. Stein, M. Lisowski
1983, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (88) 6477-6490
The coseismic slip and geometry of the March 15, 1979, Homestead Valley, California, earthquake sequence are well constrained by precise horizontal and vertical geodetic observations and by data from a dense local seismic network. These observations indicate 0.52±0.10 m of right-lateral slip and 0.17±0.04 m of reverse slip on a...
Holocene history of the estuarine area surrounding Portage, Alaska, as recorded in a 93 m core
S. Bartsch-Winkler, A.T. Ovenshine, R. Kachadoorian
1983, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (20) 802-820
A 93 m core obtained at Portage, Alaska records four prograding cycles of estuarine deposition for the past 8230 ± 100 years. Analyses of texture, mineralogy, paleontology, and sedimentary structures enable definition of eight lithologic units. Mineralogic studies show that past and present sedimentation at Portage has been largely mud and sand from...
A description of the external and internal quiet daily variation currents at North American locations for a quiet-Sun year.
W.H. Campbell
1983, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society (73) 51-64
An order 4, degree 12 spherical harmonic analysis of the smoothed quiet geomagnetic daily variations was used to separate the external and internal geomagnetic Sq field at North American locations for the quiet-Sun year, 1965. These fields were represented by a month-by-month display of equivalent current vortex systems with dominant,...
SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETECTING ANOMALOUS FLUID MOTIONS IN BOREHOLES FROM CONTINUOUS TEMPERATURE LOGS.
William H. Diment, Thomas C. Urban
1983, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Above a critical Rayleigh number, the fluid in a borehole convects. The aspect ratio of the convective motions is commonly between four and ten as determined by temperature-time recordings at fixed depths in cased holes. Aspect ratios greatly in excess of this range indicate anomalous fluid-flow in the hole such...
Rehabilitation materials from surface- coal mines in western USA. I. Chemical characteristics of spoil and replaced cover-soil.
R. C. Severson, L. P. Gough
1983, Reclamation and Revegetation Research (2) 83-102
A range of at least one order of magnitude was observed for DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn and organic matter content of samples of spoil and cover-soil from eleven western USA surface-coal mines. The observed pH of these samples ranged from 3.9 to 8.9; however, most...
Mine drainage and rock type influences on eastern Ohio stream water quality
D.R. Helsel
1983, Water Resources Bulletin (19) 881-887
Stream water during fair weather (base flow) is largely ground water discharge, which has been in contact with minerals of the underlying aquifer. Base flow water quality should therefore reflect aquifer mineralogy as well as upstream land use. Three upstream mining categories (unmined lands, abandoned coal mines, and reclaimed coal...
Lake phosphorus loading form septic systems by seasonally perched groundwater
R. J. Gilliom, C.R. Patmont
1983, Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation (55) 1297-1305
The movement of effluent phosphorus (P) from old septic systems by seasonally perched groundwater was investigated. A previous study indicated a correlation between P loadings and the presence of old homes. Water samples were taken from shallow wells installed 10 to 50 m downgradient from seven septic systems 20 to...
Distribution of corticolous noncrustose lichens on trunks of Rocky Mountain junipers in Boulder County, Colorado.
J. L. Peard
1983, Bryologist (86) 244-250
Nineteen species of noncrustose lichens were found on Juniperus scopulorum bark; 3 species had relatively high cover and frequency values and were characterized as typical lichens of Rocky Mountain junipers: Xanthoria fallax, Phaeophyscia hirsuta and Physcia caesia. Total cover per tree was low (4%) and most species preferred the N...
Land-use planning: One geologist's viewpoint
E-An Zen
1983, Environmental Conservation (10) 97-104
Planning for the best use of land and its resources should take fully into consideration the long-term consequences of each type of use in order to stretch out most beneficially the well-being of society in the future, and to protect the integrity of the land and its...
Gas-film coefficients for streams
R. E. Rathbun, D. Y. Tai
1983, Journal of Environmental Engineering (109) 1111-1127
Equations for predicting the gas-film coefficient for the volatilization of organic solutes from streams are developed. The film coefficient is a function of windspeed and water temperature. The dependence of the coefficient on windspeed is determined from published information on the evaporation of water from a canal. The dependence of...
A short-pulse electromagnetic transponder for hole-to-hole use
David L. Wright, Raymond D. Watts, Erik Bramsoe
1983, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (GE-22) 720-725
We have made hole-to-hole observations through nearly 20 m of granite using an electromagnetic transponder (an active reflector) in one borehole and a single-hole short-pulse radar in another. We found that the transponder is inexpensive, operationally simple, and effective in extending the capability of a short-pulse borehole radar system to...
The contribution of humic substances to the acidity of colored natural waters
B.G. Oliver, E.M. Thurman, Ronald L. Malcolm
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 2031-2035
An operationally defined carboxyl content of humic substances extracted from rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands, and groundwaters throughout the United States and Canada is reported. Despite the diversity of the samples, only small variations were observed in this humic carboxyl content. The dissociation behavior of two combined fulvic/humic acid extracts was...
Nontronite from a low-temperature hydrothermal system on the Juan de Fuca Ridge
R. Murnane, D.A. Clague
1983, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (65) 343-352
A deposit of Fe-rich, Al-poor, hydrothermal nontronite was recovered from the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Analyses show the deposit to be mineralogically and chemically similar to nontronite described at other oceanic localities. The deposit is located near the tip of a...
Late Holocene ice wedges near Fairbanks, Alaska, USA: Environmental setting and history of growth
T. D. Hamilton, T. A. Ager, S.W. Robinson
1983, Arctic and Alpine Research (15) 157-168
Test trenches excavated into muskeg near Fairbanks in 1969 exposed a polygonal network of active ice wedges. The wedges occur in peat that has accumulated since about 3500 yr BP and have grown episodically as the permafrost table fluctuated in response to fires, other local site conditions and perhaps regional...
