Intraspecific variation in growth of marsh macrophytes in response to salinity and soil type: Implications for wetland restoration
R.J. Howard
2010, Estuaries and Coasts (33) 127-138
Genetic diversity within plant populations can influence plant community structure along environmental gradients. In wetland habitats, salinity and soil type are factors that can vary along gradients and therefore affect plant growth. To test for intraspecific growth variation in response to these factors, a greenhouse study was conducted using common...
Sediment transport under wave groups: Relative importance between nonlinear waveshape and nonlinear boundary layer streaming
X. Yu, T.-J. Hsu, D.M. Hanes
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (115)
Sediment transport under nonlinear waves in a predominately sheet flow condition is investigated using a two-phase model. Specifically, we study the relative importance between the nonlinear waveshape and nonlinear boundary layer streaming on cross-shore sand transport. Terms in the governing equations because of the nonlinear boundary layer process are included...
Coal-tar-based parking lot sealcoat: An unrecognized source of PAH to settled house dust
B.J. Mahler, P. C. Van Metre, J.T. Wilson, M. Musgrove, T.L. Burbank, T.E. Ennis, T. J. Bashara
2010, Environmental Science & Technology (44) 894-900
Despite much speculation, the principal factors controlling concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in settled house dust (SHD) have not yet been identified. In response to recent reports that dust from pavement with coaltar-based sealcoat contains extremely high concentrations of PAH, we measured PAH in SHD from 23 apartments and...
Population-level resource selection by sympatric brown and American black bears in Alaska
Jerrold L. Belant, Brad Griffith, Yingte Zhang, Erich H. Follmann, Layne G. Adams
2010, Polar Biology (33) 31-40
Distribution theory predicts that for two species living in sympatry, the subordinate species would be constrained from using the most suitable resources (e.g., habitat), resulting in its use of less suitable habitat and spatial segregation between species. We used negative binomial generalized linear mixed models with fixed effects to estimate...
Nitrogen and phosphorus in the Upper Mississippi River: Transport, processing, and effects on the river ecosystem
J.N. Houser, W. B. Richardson
2010, Hydrobiologia (640) 71-88
Existing research on nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) can be organized into the following categories: (1) Long-term changes in nutrient concentrations and export, and their causes; (2) Nutrient cycling within the river; (3) Spatial and temporal patterns of river nutrient concentrations; (4) Effects of elevated...
Model selection bias and Freedman's paradox
P.M. Lukacs, K.P. Burnham, David R. Anderson
2010, Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics (62) 117-125
In situations where limited knowledge of a system exists and the ratio of data points to variables is small, variable selection methods can often be misleading. Freedman (Am Stat 37:152-155, 1983) demonstrated how common it is to select completely unrelated variables as highly "significant" when the number of data points...
Evaluation of aquifer heterogeneity effects on river flow loss using a transition probability framework
N.B. Engdahl, E. T. Vogler, G.S. Weissmann
2010, Water Resources Research (46)
River-aquifer exchange is considered within a transition probability framework along the Rio Grande in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to provide a stochastic estimate of aquifer heterogeneity and river loss. Six plausible hydrofacies configurations were determined using categorized drill core and wetland survey data processed through the TPROGS geostatistical package. A base...
Patterns of Tamarix water use during a record drought
J.B. Nippert, J.J. Butler Jr., Gerard J. Kluitenberg, Donald O. Whittemore, D. Arnold, S.E. Spal, J.K. Ward
2010, Oecologia (162) 283-292
During a record drought (2006) in southwest Kansas, USA, we assessed groundwater dynamics in a shallow, unconfined aquifer, along with plant water sources and physiological responses of the invasive riparian shrub Tamarix ramosissima. In early May, diel water table fluctuations indicated evapotranspirative consumption of groundwater by vegetation. During the summer...
Enzyme stabilization by glass-derived silicates in glass-exposed aqueous solutions
J.A. Ives, J.R. Moffett, P. Arun, D. Lam, T.I. Todorov, A.B. Brothers, D.J. Anick, J. Centeno, M.A.A. Namboodiri, W.B. Jonas
2010, Homeopathy (99) 15-24
Objectives: To analyze the solutes leaching from glass containers into aqueous solutions, and to show that these solutes have enzyme activity stabilizing effects in very dilute solutions. Methods: Enzyme assays with acetylcholine esterase were used to analyze serially succussed and diluted (SSD) solutions prepared in glass and plastic containers. Aqueous...
Testing alternative models of climate-mediated extirpations
E.A. Beever, R.A.Y. Chris, P.W. Mote, J.L. Wilkening
2010, Ecological Applications (20) 164-178
Biotic responses to climate change will vary among taxa and across latitudes, elevational gradients, and degrees of insularity. However, due to factors such as phenotypic plasticity, ecotypic variation, and evolved tolerance to thermal stress, it remains poorly understood whether losses should be greatest in populations experiencing the greatest climatic change...
Do common eiders nest in kin groups? Microgeographic genetic structure in a philopatric sea duck
Sarah A. Sonsthagen, Sandra L. Talbot, Richard B. Lanctot, Kevin G. McCracken
2010, Molecular Ecology (19) 647-657
We investigated local genetic associations among female Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) nesting in a stochastic Arctic environment within two groups of barrier islands (Simpson Lagoon and Mikkelsen Bay) in the Beaufort Sea, Alaska. Nonrandom genetic associations were observed among nesting females using regional spatial autocorrelation analyses for distance...
Exploring the limits of identifying sub-pixel thermal features using ASTER TIR data
R. Greg Vaughan, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, Ashley G. Davies, David J. Schneider, Cheryl Jaworowski, Henry Heasler
2010, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (189) 225-237
Understanding the characteristics of volcanic thermal emissions and how they change with time is important for forecasting and monitoring volcanic activity and potential hazards. Satellite instruments view volcanic thermal features across the globe at various temporal and spatial resolutions. Thermal features that may be a precursor to a major eruption,...
Meteorite and meteoroid: New comprehensive definitions
A.E. Rubin, J. N. Grossman
2010, Meteoritics and Planetary Science (45) 117-125
Meteorites have traditionally been defined as solid objects that have fallen to Earth from space. This definition, however, is no longer adequate. In recent decades, man-made objects have fallen to Earth from space, meteorites have been identified on the Moon and Mars, and small interplanetary objects have impacted orbiting spacecraft....
Trends and transformation of nutrients and pesticides in a Coastal Plain aquifer system, United States
J. M. Denver, A. J. Tesoriero, J.R. Barbaro
2010, Journal of Environmental Quality (39) 154-167
Four local-scale sites in areas with similar corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] agriculture were studied to determine the effects of different hydrogeologic settings of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP) on the transport of nutrients and pesticides in groundwater. Settings ranged from predominantly well-drained soils...
Spatial variability of steady-state infiltration into a two-layer soil system on burned hillslopes
D.A. Kinner, J. A. Moody
2010, Journal of Hydrology (381) 322-332
Rainfall-runoff simulations were conducted to estimate the characteristics of the steady-state infiltration rate into 1-m2 north- and south-facing hillslope plots burned by a wildfire in October 2003. Soil profiles in the plots consisted of a two-layer system composed of an ash on top of sandy mineral soil. Multiple rainfall rates...
Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya, northern Pakistan
G.A. Khattak, L.A. Owen, U. Kamp, E. L. Harp
2010, Geomorphology (115) 102-108
The influence of the 08 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake and subsequent snow melt and monsoon rainfall on slope stability was evaluated using repeat photography in the Kashmir Himalaya of northern Pakistan. Sixty-eight landslide-affected locations were selected and photographed in November 2005, May/June 2006, June 2007, and August 2007 to evaluate...
Decadal-timescale estuarine geomorphic change under future scenarios of climate and sediment supply
N. K. Ganju, D. H. Schoellhamer
2010, Estuaries and Coasts (33) 15-29
Future estuarine geomorphic change, in response to climate change, sea-level rise, and watershed sediment supply, may govern ecological function, navigation, and water quality. We estimated geomorphic changes in Suisun Bay, CA, under four scenarios using a tidal-timescale hydrodynamic/sediment transport model. Computational expense and data needs were reduced using the morphological...
HiRISE observations of gas sublimation-driven activity in Mars' southern polar regions: III. Models of processes involving translucent ice
Ganna Portyankina, Wojciech J. Markiewicz, Nicolas Thomas, Candice J. Hansen, Moses P. Milazzo
2010, Icarus (205) 311-320
Enigmatic surface features, known as 'spiders', found at high southern martian latitudes, are probably caused by sublimation-driven erosion under the seasonal carbon dioxide ice cap. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) has imaged this terrain in unprecedented details throughout southern spring. It has been postulated...
Alexandria's Eastern Harbor, Egypt: Pollen, microscopic charcoal, and the transition from natural to human-modified basin
J.-D. Stanley, C.E. Bernhardt
2010, Journal of Coastal Research (26) 67-79
Pollen and microscopic charcoal examined in Holocene sediment core samples record major environmental modifications affecting Alexandria's Eastern Harbor through time. We assess whether such changes on Egypt's coastal margin were influenced primarily by natural, or natural plus human, or primarily human factors. We focus on (1) the times when pollen...
Desert wildfire and severe drought diminish survivorship of the long-lived Joshua Tree (Yucca brevifolia; Agavaceae)
L.A. DeFalco, T. C. Esque, S. J. Scoles-Sciulla, J. Rodgers
2010, American Journal of Botany (97) 243-250
Extreme climate events are transforming plant communities in the desert Southwest of the United States. Abundant precipitation in 1998 associated with El Ni??o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) stimulated exceptional alien annual plant production in the Mojave Desert that fueled wildfires in 1999. Exacerbated by protracted drought, 80% of the burned Yucca...
Long-term variability in Northern Hemisphere snow cover and associations with warmer winters
G.J. McCabe, D.M. Wolock
2010, Climatic Change (99) 141-153
A monthly snow accumulation and melt model is used with gridded monthly temperature and precipitation data for the Northern Hemisphere to generate time series of March snow-covered area (SCA) for the period 1905 through 2002. The time series of estimated SCA for March is verified by comparison with previously published...
Silica-rich deposits and hydrated minerals at Gusev Crater, Mars: Vis-NIR spectral characterization and regional mapping
M.S. Rice, J.F. Bell III, E.A. Cloutis, A. Wang, S. W. Ruff, M.A. Craig, D.T. Bailey, J. R. Johnson, P.A. De Souza Jr., W. H. Farrand
2010, Icarus (205) 375-395
The Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Spirit has discovered surprisingly high concentrations of amorphous silica in soil and nodular outcrops in the Inner Basin of the Columbia Hills. In Pancam multispectral observations, we find that an absorption feature at the longest Pancam wavelength (1009 nm) appears to be characteristic of these...
Probable causes of increasing brucellosis in free-ranging elk of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Paul C. Cross, E.K. Cole, A. P. Dobson, W.H. Edwards, K.L. Hamlin, G. Luikart, A.D. Middleton, B.M. Scurlock, P.J. White
2010, Ecological Applications (20) 278-288
While many wildlife species are threatened, some populations have recovered from previous overexploitation, and data linking these population increases with disease dynamics are limited. We present data suggesting that free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) are a maintenance host for Brucella abortus in new areas of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Brucellosis...
Nearshore concentration of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) postlarvae in northern Florida bay in relation to nocturnal flood tide
Maria M. Criales, M. B. Robblee, Joan A. Browder, H. Cardenas, Thomas L. Jackson
2010, Bulletin of Marine Science (86) 53-74
We address the question of whether the low abundance of juvenile pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939) in northern-central Florida Bay results from (i) limiting environmental conditions, (ii) a reduced postlarval transport, or (iii) both. To explore this question, postlarvae were collected during the new moon in both summer and...
Geochemistry of trace elements in coals from the Zhuji Mine, Huainan Coalfield, Anhui, China
R. Sun, Gaisheng Liu, Lingyun Zheng, C. L. Chou
2010, International Journal of Coal Geology (81) 81-96
The abundances of nine major elements and thirty-eight trace elements in 520 samples of low sulfur coals from the Zhuji Mine, Huainan Coalfield, Anhui, China, were determined. Samples were mainly collected from 10 minable coal seams of 29 boreholes during exploration. The B content in coals shows that the influence...
