Generation and emplacement of fine-grained ejecta in planetary impacts
R.R. Ghent, V. Gupta, B.A. Campbell, S.A. Ferguson, J.C.W. Brown, R.L. Fergason, L.M. Carter
2010, Icarus (209) 818-835
We report here on a survey of distal fine-grained ejecta deposits on the Moon, Mars, and Venus. On all three planets, fine-grained ejecta form circular haloes that extend beyond the continuous ejecta and other types of distal deposits such as run-out lobes or ramparts. Using Earth-based radar images, we find...
Effects of prior detections on estimates of detection probability, abundance, and occupancy
Jason D. Riddle, Rua S. Mordecai, Kenneth H. Pollock, Theodore R. Simons
2010, The Auk (127) 94-99
Survey methods that account for detection probability often require repeated detections of individual birds or repeated visits to a site to conduct Counts or collect presence-absence data. Initial encounters with individual species or individuals of a species could influence detection probabilities for subsequent encounters. For example, observers may be more...
Spatial trends in tidal flat shape and associated environmental parameters in South San Francisco Bay
J.A. Bearman, Carl T. Friedrichs, B. E. Jaffe, A.C. Foxgrover
2010, Journal of Coastal Research (26) 342-349
Spatial trends in the shape of profiles of South San Francisco Bay (SSFB) tidal flats are examined using bathymetric and lidar data collected in 2004 and 2005. Eigenfunction analysis reveals a dominant mode of morphologic variability related to the degree of convexity or concavity in the cross-shore profileindicative of (i)...
The Sudbury impact layer in the paleoproterozoiciron ranges of northern Michigan, USA
W.F. Cannon, K. J. Schulz, J. Wright Horton Jr., David A. King
2010, Geological Society of America Bulletin (122) 50-75
A layer of breccia that contains fragments of impact ejecta has been found at 10 sites in the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of northern Michigan, in the Lake Superior region of the United States. Radiometric age constraints from events predating and postdating deposition of the breccia are ca. 1875 Ma and...
Reclaimed mineland curve number response to temporal distribution of rainfall
R.C. Warner, C.T. Agouridis, P.T. Vingralek, A.W. Fogle
2010, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (46) 724-732
The curve number (CN) method is a common technique to estimate runoff volume, and it is widely used in coal mining operations such as those in the Appalachian region of Kentucky. However, very little CN data are available for watersheds disturbed by surface mining and then reclaimed using traditional techniques....
Physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of impaired seawater tolerance following exposure of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, smolts to acid and aluminum
M.Y. Monette, T. Yada, V. Matey, S. D. McCormick
2010, Aquatic Toxicology (99) 17-32
We examined the physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of impaired ion regulation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, smolts following acute acid and aluminum (Al) exposure. Smolts were exposed to: control (pH 6.5, 3.4??gl-1 Al), acid and low Al (LAl: pH 5.4, 11??gl-1 Al), acid and moderate Al (MAl: pH 5.3,...
At-sea observations of marine birds and their habitats before and after the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi volcano, Alaska
G.S. Drew, Donald E. Dragoo, M. Renner, John F. Piatt
2010, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (42) 325-334
Kasatochi volcano, an island volcano in the Aleutian chain, erupted on 7-8 August 2008. The resulting ash and pyroclastic flows blanketed the island, covering terrestrial habitats. We surveyed the marine environment surrounding Kasatochi Island in June and July of 2009 to document changes in abundance or distribution of nutrients, fish,...
Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity maps and three-dimensional shear velocity structure of the western US from local non-plane surface wave tomography
F. F. Pollitz, J. Arthur Snoke
2010, Geophysical Journal International (180) 1153-1169
We utilize two-and-three-quarter years of vertical-component recordings made by the Transportable Array (TA) component of Earthscope to constrain three-dimensional (3-D) seismic shear wave velocity structure in the upper 200 km of the western United States. Single-taper spectral estimation is used to compile measurements of complex spectral amplitudes from 44 317...
Hematology of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (2005-2007): Biomarker for an arctic ecosystem health sentinel
Cassandra M. Kirk, Steven C. Amstrup, Rhonda Swor, Darce Holcomb, T. M. O'Hara
2010, EcoHealth (7) 307-320
Declines in sea-ice habitats have resulted in declining stature, productivity, and survival of polar bears in some regions. With continuing sea-ice declines, negative population effects are projected to expand throughout the polar bear's range. Precise causes of diminished polar bear life history performance are unknown, however, climate and sea-ice condition...
Time-dependent seismic tomography
B.R. Julian, G.R. Foulger
2010, Geophysical Journal International (182) 1327-1338
Of methods for measuring temporal changes in seismic-wave speeds in the Earth, seismic tomography is among those that offer the highest spatial resolution. 3-D tomographic methods are commonly applied in this context by inverting seismic wave arrival time data sets from different epochs independently and assuming that differences in the...
Redwoods, restoration, and implications for carbon budgets
Mary Ann Madej
2010, Geomorphology (116) 264-273
The coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) of California have several unique characteristics that influence interactions between vegetation and geomorphic processes. Case studies, using a combination of in-channel wood surveys and an air photo inventory of landslides, illustrate current conditions in a redwood-dominated watershed undergoing restoration work, and the influence of wood...
Applying the silver-tube introduction method for thermal conversion elemental analyses and a new δ2H value for NBS 22 oil
Tyler B. Coplen, Haiping Qi
2010, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (24) 2269-2276
The δ2HVSMOW–SLAP value of total hydrogen of the international measurement standard NBS 22 oil was determined by a new method of sealing water in silver tubes for use in a thermal conversion elemental analysis (TC/EA) reduction unit. The isotopic fractionation of water due to evaporation is virtually non-existent in this...
Holocene coastal dune fields used as indicators of net littoral transport: West Coast, USA
C. D. Peterson, E. Stock, R. Hart, D. Percy, S. W. Hostetler, J.R. Knott
2010, Geomorphology (116) 115-134
Between Point Grenville, Washington, and Point Conception, California (1500 km distance) 21 dune fields record longshore transport in 20 littoral cells during the late Holocene. The direction of predominant littoral transport is established by relative positions of dune fields (north, central, or south) in 17 representative littoral cells. Dune field...
Detrital zircon evidence for progressive underthrusting in Franciscan metagraywackes, west-central California
C.A. Snow, J. Wakabayashi, W. G. Ernst, J. L. Wooden
2010, Geological Society of America Bulletin (122) 282-291
We present new U/Pb ages for detrital zircons separated from six quartzose metagraywackes collected from different Franciscan Complex imbricate nappes around San Francisco Bay. All six rocks contain a broad spread of Late Jurassic-Cretaceous grains originating from the Klamath-Sierra Nevada volcanic-plutonic arc. Units young structurally downward, consistent with models of...
Paleobiogeography, high-resolution stratigraphy, and the future of Paleozoic biostratigraphy: Fine-scale diachroneity of the Wenlock (Silurian) conodont Kockelella walliseri
Bradley D. Cramer, Mark A. Kleffner, Carlton E. Brett, P.I. McLaughlin, Lennart Jeppsson, Axel Munnecke, Christian Samtleben
2010, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (294) 232-241
The Wenlock Epoch of the Silurian Period has become one of the chronostratigraphically best-constrained intervals of the Paleozoic. The integration of multiple chronostratigraphic tools, such as conodont and graptolite biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, and ??13Ccarb chemostratigraphy, has greatly improved global chronostratigraphic correlation and portions of the Wenlock can now be correlated...
Extraction of in situ cosmogenic 14C from olivine
J.S. Pigati, N.A. Lifton, A.J. Timothy Jull, Jay Quade
2010, Radiocarbon (52) 1244-1260
Chemical pretreatment and extraction techniques have been developed previously to extract in situ cosmogenic radiocarbon (in situ 14C) from quartz and carbonate. These minerals can be found in most environments on Earth, but are usually absent from mafic terrains. To fill this gap, we conducted numerous experiments aimed at extracting...
Predicting the probability and volume of postwildfire debris flows in the intermountain western United States
S.H. Cannon, J.E. Gartner, M.G. Rupert, J. A. Michael, A. H. Rea, C. Parrett
2010, Geological Society of America Bulletin (122) 127-144
Empirical models to estimate the probability of occurrence and volume of postwildfire debris flows can be quickly implemented in a geographic information system (GIS) to generate debris-flow hazard maps either before or immediately following wildfires. Models that can be used to calculate the probability of debris-flow production from individual drainage...
Estimating soil turnover rate from tree uprooting during hurricanes in Puerto Rico
M.T. Lenart, D.A. Falk, F.N. Scatena, W. R. Osterkamp
2010, Forest Ecology and Management (259) 1076-1084
Soil turnover by tree uprooting in primary and secondary forests on the island of Puerto Rico was measured in 42 study plots in the months immediately after the passage of a Category 3 hurricane. Trunk basal area explained 61% of the variability of mound volume and 53% of the variability...
Migration patterns and movements of sandhill cranes wintering in central and southwestern Louisiana
Sammy L. King, Aaron R. Pierce, Kent Hersey, Nicholas Winstead
Barry K. Hartup, editor(s)
2010, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the eleventh North American crane workshop
In this study we trapped wintering sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) in Louisiana and fitted them with satellite transmitters to determine their migration routes. Four of the 6 sandhill cranes with validated locations and a terminus point used the Central Flyway for spring migration; 2 of these 4 (the only 2...
Soil organic carbon stocks in Alaska estimated with spatial and pedon data
Norman B. Bliss, J. Maursetter
2010, Soil Science Society of America Journal (74) 565-579
Temperatures in high-latitude ecosystems are increasing faster than the average rate of global warming, which may lead to a positive feedback for climate change by increasing the respiration rates of soil organic C. If a positive feedback is confirmed, soil C will represent a source of greenhouse gases that is...
Post-collisional magmatism in the central East African Orogen: The Maevarano Suite of north Madagascar
K. M. Goodenough, Ronald J. Thomas, B. De Waele, R. M. Key, D. I. Schofield, W. Bauer, R. D. Tucker, J. M. Rafahatelo, M. Rabarimanana, A.V. Ralison, T. Randriamananjara
2010, LITHOS (116) 18-34
Late tectonic, post-collisional granite suites are a feature of many parts of the Late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian East African Orogen (EAO), where they are generally attributed to late extensional collapse of the orogen, accompanied by high heat flow and asthenospheric uprise. The Maevarano Suite comprises voluminous plutons which were emplaced...
Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: NLCD 2001 Tree Canopy
Michael Wieczorek, Andrew E. LaMotte
2010, Data Series 491-06
This tabular data set represents the mean percent tree canopy from the Canopy Layer of the National Land Cover Dataset 2001 (LaMotte and Wieczorek, 2010), compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The source data set represents tree canopy percentage for the conterminous...
Recorded motions of the 6 April 2009 Mw 6.3 L'Aquila, Italy, earthquake and implications for building structural damage: Overview
M. Çelebi, P. Bazzurro, L. Chiaraluce, P. Clemente, L. Decanini, A. Desortis, W. Ellsworth, A. Gorini, E. Kalkan, S. Marcucci, G. Milana, F. Mollaioli, M. Olivieri, R. Paolucci, D. Rinaldis, A. Rovelli, F. Sabetta, C. Stephens
2010, Earthquake Spectra (26) 651-684
The normal-faulting earthquake of 6 April 2009 in the Abruzzo Region of central Italy caused heavy losses of life and substantial damage to centuriesold buildings of significant cultural importance and to modern reinforcedconcrete- framed buildings with hollow masonry infill walls. Although structural deficiencies were significant and widespread, the study of...
Trends and drivers of marine debris on the Atlantic coast of the United States 1997-2007
C. A. Ribic, S.B. Sheavly, D.J. Rugg, Eric S. Erdmann
2010, Marine Pollution Bulletin (60) 1231-1242
For the first time, we documented regional differences in amounts and long-term trends of marine debris along the US Atlantic coast. The Southeast Atlantic had low land-based and general-source debris loads as well as no increases despite a 19% increase in coastal population. The Northeast (8% population increase) also had...
Silica in a Mars analog environment: Ka u Desert, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
K.D. Seelos, R. E. Arvidson, B.L. Jolliff, S.M. Chemtob, R.V. Morris, D. W. Ming, G.A. Swayze
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (115)
Airborne Visible/Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data acquired over the Ka u Desert are atmospherically corrected to ground reflectance and used to identify the mineralogic components of relatively young basaltic materials, including 250-700 and 200-400 year old lava flows, 1971 and 1974 flows, ash deposits, and solfatara incrustations. To provide context,...
