Significance of stress transfer in time-dependent earthquake probability calculations
T. Parsons
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-20
A sudden change in stress is seen to modify earthquake rates, but should it also revise earthquake probability? Data used to derive input parameters permits an array of forecasts; so how large a static stress change is require to cause a statistically significant earthquake probability change? To answer that question,...
Aqueous exposure to Aroclor 1254 modulates the mitogenic response of Atlantic salmon anterior kidney T-cells: Indications of short- and long-term immunomodulation
L. R. Iwanowicz, D.T. Lerner, V. S. Blazer, S. D. McCormick
2005, Aquatic Toxicology (72) 305-314
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exist as persistent organic pollutants in numerous river systems in the United States. Unfortunately, some of these rivers are sites of active Atlantic salmon restoration programs, and polychlorinated biphenyls have been implicated as ancillary factors contributing to failed salmon restoration. Here, we investigate the immediate and chronic...
Population genetic structure in migratory sandhill cranes and the role of Pleistocene glaciations
K.L. Jones, Gary L. Krapu, D.A. Brandt, M.V. Ashley
2005, Molecular Ecology (14) 2645-2657
Previous studies of migratory sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) have made significant progress explaining evolution of this group at the species scale, but have been unsuccessful in explaining the geographically partitioned variation in morphology seen on the population scale. The objectives of this study were to assess the population structure and...
NCWin — A Component Object Model (COM) for processing and visualizing NetCDF data
Jinxun Liu, J.M. Chen, D.T. Price, S. Liu
2005, Cartographic Journal (42) 69-77
NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) is a data sharing protocol and library that is commonly used in large-scale atmospheric and environmental data archiving and modeling. The NetCDF tool described here, named NCWin and coded with Borland C + + Builder, was built as a standard executable as well as a...
Utility of Penman-Monteith, Priestley-Taylor, reference evapotranspiration, and pan evaporation methods to estimate pasture evapotranspiration
D. M. Sumner, J.M. Jacobs
2005, Journal of Hydrology (308) 81-104
Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was measured at 30-min resolution over a 19-month period (September 28, 2000-April 23, 2002) from a nonirrigated pasture site in Florida, USA, using eddy correlation methods. The relative magnitude of measured ETa (about 66% of long-term annual precipitation at the study site) indicates the importance of accurate...
Changes toward earlier streamflow timing across western North America
I.T. Stewart, D.R. Cayan, M. D. Dettinger
2005, Journal of Climate (18) 1136-1155
The highly variable timing of streamflow in snowmelt-dominated basins across western North America is an important consequence, and indicator, of climate fluctuations. Changes in the timing of snowmelt-derived streamflow from 1948 to 2002 were investigated in a network of 302 western North America gauges by examining the center of mass...
Morphology and aging precision of statoliths from larvae of Columbia river basin lampreys
M.H. Meeuwig, J.M. Bayer
2005, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (25) 38-48
The general morphology and precision associated with age determination of statoliths from larval Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata and western brook lampreys L. richardsoni found within the Columbia River basin were examined. Significant positive correlations were observed between the size of left and right statoliths from individuals. Principal components analysis indicated...
Generation and validation of characteristic spectra from EO1 Hyperion image data for detecting the occurrence of the invasive species, Chinese tallow
Elijah W. Ramsey III, A. Rangoonwala, G. Nelson, R. Ehrlich, K. Martella
2005, International Journal of Remote Sensing (26) 1611-1636
Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) is an invasive tree that is spreading throughout the south-eastern United States and now into the west, and in many places causing extensive change to native habitat and associated wildlife. Detecting and mapping the relative distribution of this species is important to its control and eradication....
Kinematics, mechanics, and potential earthquake hazards for faults in Pottawatomie County, Kansas, USA
G.C. Ohlmacher, P. Berendsen
2005, Tectonophysics (396) 227-244
Many stable continental regions have subregions with poorly defined earthquake hazards. Analysis of minor structures (folds and faults) in these subregions can improve our understanding of the tectonics and earthquake hazards. Detailed structural mapping in Pottawatomie County has revealed a suite consisting of two uplifted blocks aligned along a northeast...
Evidence for a global seismic-moment release sequence
C. G. Bufe, D. M. Perkins
2005, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (95) 833-843
Temporal clustering of the larger earthquakes (foreshock-mainshock-aftershock) followed by relative quiescence (stress shadow) are characteristic of seismic cycles along plate boundaries. A global seismic-moment release history, based on a little more than 100 years of instrumental earthquake data in an extended version of the catalog of Pacheco and Sykes (1992),...
New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera
E. E. Brodsky, S. G. Prejean
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-14
Regional-scale triggering of local earthquakes in the crust by seismic waves from distant main shocks has now been robustly documented for over a decade. Some of the most thoroughly recorded examples of repeated triggering of a single site from multiple, large earthquakes are measured in geothermal fields of the western...
Strong ground motion in the Taipei basin from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake
Joe B. Fletcher, K.-L. Wen
2005, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (95) 1428-1446
The Taipei basin, located in northwest Taiwan about 160 km from the epicenter of the Chi-Chi earthquake, is a shallow, triangular-shaped basin filled with low-velocity fluvial deposits. There is a strong velocity contrast across the basement interface of about 600 m/sec at a depth of about 600-700 m in the...
Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion, Part II: Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 northridge earthquake
S. Hartzell, Mariagiovanna Guatteri, P.M. Mai, P.-C. Liu, M. R. Fisk
2005, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (95) 614-645
In the evolution of methods for calculating synthetic time histories of ground motion for postulated earthquakes, kinematic source models have dominated to date because of their ease of application. Dynamic models, however, which incorporate a physical relationship between important faulting parameters of stress drop, slip, rupture velocity, and rise time,...
Centrarchid assemblages in Mississippi state-operated fishing lakes
J.A. Olive, L.E. Miranda, W.D. Hubbard
2005, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (25) 7-15
We evaluated electrofishing catch per effort in 27 state-operated fishing lakes in Mississippi to identify patterns of centrarchid community composition and to determine whether those patterns were related to selected environmental characteristics and to artificial nutrient enrichment. Ordination with detrended correspondence analysis recognized two major axes accounting for 77% of...
Lagoonal reef accretion and holocene sea-level history from three atolls in the Cook Islands, Central South Pacific
S.C. Gray, J.R. Hein
2005, Journal of Coastal Research (21) 253-264
Radiocarbon ages of corals from cores collected at nine drill sites in the lagoons of three atolls (Pukapuka, Rakahanga, Aitutaki, Cook Islands) provide a history of lagoon sedimentation in response to Holocene sea-level rise and stabilization. Holocene lagoonal reefs were established between 8700 and 7800 years B.P. on 130,000-200,000 year-old...
Analysis of vegetation distribution in Interior Alaska and sensitivity to climate change using a logistic regression approach
M.P. Calef, A. D. McGuire, H.E. Epstein, T.S. Rupp, H.H. Shugart
2005, Journal of Biogeography (32) 863-878
Aim: To understand drivers of vegetation type distribution and sensitivity to climate change. Location: Interior Alaska. Methods: A logistic regression model was developed that predicts the potential equilibrium distribution of four major vegetation types: tundra, deciduous forest, black spruce forest and white spruce forest based on elevation, aspect, slope, drainage...
Channelized lava flows at the East Pacific Rise crest 9°-10°N: the importance of off-axis lava transport in developing the architecture of young oceanic crust
S.A. Soule, D.J. Fornari, M.R. Perfit, M.A. Tivey, W.I. Ridley, Hans Schouten
2005, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (6)
Submarine lava flows are the building blocks of young oceanic crust. Lava erupted at the ridge axis is transported across the ridge crest in a manner dictated by the rheology of the lava, the characteristics of the eruption, and the topography it encounters. The resulting lava flows can vary dramatically...
Suburban wildlife: Lessons, challenges, and opportunities
S. DeStefano, R.D. Deblinger, C. Miller
2005, Urban Ecosystems (8) 131-137
The United States, as well as most developed and many developing nations worldwide, is becoming increasingly urban and suburban.Although urban, suburban, and commercial development account for less than one percent to just over 20% of land use among states, 50-90% of the residents of those states can be classified as...
Heat as a tracer to estimate dissolved organic carbon flux from a restored wetland
K.R. Burow, J. Constantz, R. Fujii
2005, Ground Water (43) 545-556
Heat was used as a natural tracer to characterize shallow ground water flow beneath a complex wetland system. Hydrogeologic data were combined with measured vertical temperature profiles to constrain a series of two‐dimensional, transient simulations of ground water flow and heat transport using the model code...
Naturally occurring secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism in cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) from Central Texas
David N. Phalen, Mark L. Drew, C. Contreras, K. Roset, Miguel A. Mora
2005, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (41) 401-415
Naturally occurring secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism is described in the nestlings of two colonies of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) from Central Texas (Bryan and San Antonio, Texas, USA). Nestlings from a third colony (Waco, Texas, USA) were collected in a subsequent year for comparison. Birds from the first two colonies consistently...
Disturbance frequency and community structure in a twenty-five year intervention study
J.C. Trexler, W.F. Loftus, S. Perry
2005, Oecologia (145) 140-152
Models of community regulation commonly incorporate gradients of disturbance inversely related to the role of biotic interactions in regulating intermediate trophic levels. Higher trophic-level organisms are predicted to be more strongly limited by intermediate levels of disturbance than are the organisms they consume. We used a manipulation of the frequency...
New surveys of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure suggest melt pockets and target-structure effect
A. K. Shah, J. Brozena, P. Vogt, D. Daniels, J. Plescia
2005, Geology (33) 417-420
We present high-resolution gravity and magnetic field survey results over the 85-km-diameter Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Whereas a continuous melt sheet is anticipated at a crater this size, shallow-source magnetic field anomalies of ???100 nT instead suggest that impact melt pooled in kilometer-scaled pockets surrounding the base of a central...
The most recent large earthquake on the Rodgers Creek fault, San Francisco bay area
S. Hecker, D. Pantosti, David P. Schwartz, J. C. Hamilton, L.M. Reidy, T. J. Powers
2005, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (95) 844-860
The Rodgers Creek fault (RCF) is a principal component of the San Andreas fault system north of San Francisco. No evidence appears in the historical record of a large earthquake on the RCF, implying that the most recent earthquake (MRE) occurred before 1824, when a Franciscan mission was built near...
Habitat associations of age-0 cutthroat trout in a spring stream improved for adult salmonids
Wayne A. Hubert, M. P. Joyce
2005, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (20) 277-286
Native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) in the Snake River watershed use streams formed by large springs for spawning and nursery habitat. Several spring streams have been modified to enhance abundance of adult salmonids, but the habitat associations of age-0 cutthroat trout in these systems are undescribed. We assessed the frequency...
Effects of drought on shrub survival and longevity in the northern Sonoran Desert
Janice E. Bowers
2005, Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society (132) 421-431
Effects of drought on shrub survival and longevity in the northern Sonoran Desert. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 421–431. 2005.—Permanent vegetation plots in the northern Sonoran Desert, USA, provided an opportunity to assess the effects of recent drought on desert shrubs and to examine survival in relation to rainfall variability...
