NCWin — A Component Object Model (COM) for processing and visualizing NetCDF data
Jinxun Liu, J.M. Chen, D.T. Price, S. Liu
2005, Cartographic Journal (42) 69-77
NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) is a data sharing protocol and library that is commonly used in large-scale atmospheric and environmental data archiving and modeling. The NetCDF tool described here, named NCWin and coded with Borland C + + Builder, was built as a standard executable as well as a...
Ground water/surface water responses to global climate simulations, Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin, Ventura, California
Randall T. Hanson, Michael D. Dettinger
2005, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (41) 517-536
Climate variations can play an important, if not always crucial, role in successful conjunctive management of ground water and surface water resources. This will require accurate accounting of the links between variations in climate, recharge, and withdrawal from the resource systems, accurate projection or predictions of the climate variations, and...
Low summer water temperatures influence occurrence of naturalized salmonids across a mountain watershed
S.A. Mullner, W.A. Hubert
2005, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (25) 1034-1040
We investigated relationships between the absence of salmonids and low summer water temperatures across a 150-km2 Rocky Mountain watershed. A model predicting maximum July water temperature (MJT) from measurements of perennial stream length, wetted width, and midrange basin elevation was developed from temperature data obtained at 20 sites across the...
A modified beam-to-earth transformation to measure short-wavelength internal waves with an acoustic Doppler current profiler
A. Scotti, B. Butman, R.C. Beardsley, P. S. Alexander, S. Anderson
2005, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (22) 583-591
The algorithm used to transform velocity signals from beam coordinates to earth coordinates in an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) relies on the assumption that the currents are uniform over the horizontal distance separating the beams. This condition may be violated by (nonlinear) internal waves, which can have wavelengths as...
Loss estimates for a Puente Hills blind-thrust earthquake in Los Angeles, California
E. H. Field, H.A. Seligson, N. Gupta, V. Gupta, T.H. Jordan, K.W. Campbell
2005, Earthquake Spectra (21) 329-338
Based on OpenSHA and HAZUS-MH, we present loss estimates for an earthquake rupture on the recently identified Puente Hills blind-thrust fault beneath Los Angeles. Given a range of possible magnitudes and ground motion models, and presuming a full fault rupture, we estimate the total economic loss to be between $82...
Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California: Animations built on earthquake stress transfer
S. Toda, R.S. Stein, K. Richards-Dinger, S.B. Bozkurt
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-17
We develop a forecast model to reproduce the distibution of main shocks, aftershocks and surrounding seismicity observed during 1986-200 in a 300 ?? 310 km area centered on the 1992 M = 7.3 Landers earthquake. To parse the catalog into frames with equal numbers of aftershocks, we animate seismicity in...
LogCauchy, log-sech and lognormal distributions of species abundances in forest communities
Z.-Y. Yin, S.-L. Peng, H. Ren, Q. Guo, Z.-H. Chen
2005, Ecological Modelling (184) 329-340
Species-abundance (SA) pattern is one of the most fundamental aspects of biological community structure, providing important information regarding species richness, species-area relation and succession. To better describe the SA distribution (SAD) in a community, based on the widely used lognormal (LN) distribution model with exp(-x2) roll-off on Preston's octave scale,...
Wildlife as valuable natural resources vs. intolerable pests: A suburban wildlife management model
S. DeStefano, R.D. Deblinger
2005, Urban Ecosystems (8) 179-190
Management of wildlife in suburban environments involves a complex set of interactions between both human and wildlife populations. Managers need additional tools, such as models, that can help them assess the status of wildlife populations, devise and apply management programs, and convey this information to other professionals and the public....
Geophysics: The size and duration of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from far-field static offsets
P. Banerjee, F. F. Pollitz, R. Burgmann
2005, Science (308) 1769-1772
The 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake produced static offsets at continuously operating GPS stations at distances of up to 4500 kilometers from the epicenter. We used these displacements to model the earthquake and include consideration of the Earth's shape and depth-varying rigidity. The results imply that the average slip was...
Progress in NTHMP Hazard Assessment
F.I. Gonzalez, V.V. Titov, H.O. Mofjeld, A.J. Venturato, R.S. Simmons, R. Hansen, Rodney Combellick, R.K. Eisner, D.F. Hoirup, B.S. Yanagi, S. Yong, M. Darienzo, G. R. Priest, G.L. Crawford, T. J. Walsh
2005, Natural Hazards (35) 89-110
The Hazard Assessment component of the U.S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program has completed 22 modeling efforts covering 113 coastal communities with an estimated population of 1.2 million residents that are at risk. Twenty-three evacuation maps have also been completed. Important improvements in organizational structure have been made with the...
Selenium in the Blackfoot, Salt, and Bear River Watersheds
S. J. Hamilton, K.J. Buhl
2005, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (104) 309-339
Nine stream sites in the Blackfoot River, Salt River, and Bear River watersheds in southeast Idaho, USA were sampled in May 2001 for water, surficial sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish. Selenium was measured in these aquatic ecosystem components, and a hazard assessment was performed on the data. Water...
Impact of longer-term modest climate shifts on architecture of high-frequency sequences (Cyclothems), Pennsylvanian of midcontinent U.S.A
H. R. Feldman, E. K. Franseen, R. M. Joeckel, P.H. Heckel
2005, Journal of Sedimentary Research (75) 350-368
Pennsylvanian glacioeustatic cyclothems exposed in Kansas and adjacent areas provide a unique opportunity to test models of the impact of relative sea level and climate on stratal architecture. A succession of eight of these high-frequency sequences, traced along dip for 500 km, reveal that modest climate shifts from relatively dry-seasonal...
A frictional population model of seismicity rate change
J. Gomberg, P. Reasenberg, M. Cocco, M.E. Belardinelli
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-10
We study models of seismicity rate changes caused by the application of a static stress perturbation to a population of faults and discuss our results with respect to the model proposed by Dieterich (1994). These models assume distribution of nucleation sites (e.g., faults) obeying rate-state frictional relations that fail at...
Ongoing hydrothermal heat loss from the 1912 ash-flow sheet, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska
N. Hogeweg, T. E. C. Keith, E.M. Colvard, S. E. Ingebritsen
2005, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (143) 279-291
The June 1912 eruption of Novarupta filled nearby glacial valleys on the Alaska Peninsula with ash-flow tuff (ignimbrite), and post-eruption observations of thousands of steaming fumaroles led to the name ‘Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes’ (VTTS). By the late 1980s most fumarolic activity had ceased, but the discovery of thermal...
Ground-motion parameters of the southwestern Indiana earthquake of 18 June 2002 and the disparity between the observed and predicted values
R. Street, J. Wiegand, E.W. Woolery, P. Hart
2005, Seismological Research Letters (76) 512-530
The M 4.5 southwestern Indiana earthquake of 18 June 2002 triggered 46 blast monitors in Indiana, Illinois, and Kentucky. The resulting flee-field particle velocity records, along with similar data from previous earthquakes in the study area, provide a clear standard for judging the reliability of current...
River nutrient loads and catchment size
S. V. Smith, D.P. Swaney, R. W. Buddemeier, M.R. Scarsbrook, M.A. Weatherhead, Christoph Humborg, H. Eriksson, F. Hannerz
2005, Biogeochemistry (75) 83-107
We have used a total of 496 sample sites to calibrate a simple regression model for calculating dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes via runoff to the ocean. The regression uses the logarithms of runoff and human population as the independent variables and estimates the logarithms of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus...
Solute transport and storage mechanisms in wetlands of the Everglades, south Florida
Judson W. Harvey, James E. Saiers, Jessica T. Newlin
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
Solute transport and storage processes in wetlands play an important role in biogeochemical cycling and in wetland water quality functions. In the wetlands of the Everglades, there are few data or guidelines to characterize transport through the heterogeneous flow environment. Our goal was to conduct a tracer study to help...
Wash load and bed-material load transport in the Yellow River
C.T. Yang, F.J.M. Simoes
2005, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (131) 413-418
It has been the conventional assumption that wash load is supply limited and is only indirectly related to the hydraulics of a river. Hydraulic engineers also assumed that bed-material load concentration is independent of wash load concentration. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the Yellow River sediment transport data...
A universal surface complexation framework for modeling proton binding onto bacterial surfaces in geologic settings
D. Borrok, B.F. Turner, J.B. Fein
2005, American Journal of Science (305) 826-853
Adsorption onto bacterial cell walls can significantly affect the speciation and mobility of aqueous metal cations in many geologic settings. However, a unified thermodynamic framework for describing bacterial adsorption reactions does not exist. This problem originates from the numerous approaches that have been chosen for modeling bacterial surface protonation reactions....
Movement patterns of rural and suburban white-tailed deer in Massachusetts
C.R. Gaughan, S. DeStefano
2005, Urban Ecosystems (8) 191-202
We used satellite land cover data and the program FRAGSTATS toquantify land cover types and calculate the amount of forest edge available in suburban and rural regions of northeastern and northwestern Massachusetts. Cover categories included forest cover, open canopy vegetation, and non-deer habitat. We calculated all edge segments where forest...
Species-energy relationship in the deep sea: A test using the Quaternary fossil record
G. Hunt, T. M. Cronin, K. Roy
2005, Ecology Letters (8) 739-747
Little is known about the processes regulating species richness in deep-sea communities. Here we take advantage of natural experiments involving climate change to test whether predictions of the species-energy hypothesis hold in the deep sea. In addition, we test for the relationship between temperature and species richness predicted by a...
Mapping and prediction of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis with bioavailable iron content in the bituminous coals
X. Huang, W. Li, M.D. Attfield, A. Nadas, K. Frenkel, R. B. Finkelman
2005, Environmental Health Perspectives (113) 964-968
Based on the first National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (CWP) and the U.S. Geological Survey database of coal quality, we show that the prevalence of CWP in seven coal mine regions correlates with levels of bioavailable iron (BAI) in the coals from that particular region (correlation coefficient r =...
Fuel reduction and coarse woody debris dynamics with early season and late season prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest
E. E. Knapp, Jon E. Keeley, E. A. Ballenger, T. J. Brennan
2005, Forest Ecology and Management (208) 383-397
Fire exclusion has led to an unnatural accumulation and greater spatial continuity of organic material on the ground in many forests. This material serves both as potential fuel for forest fires and habitat for a large array of forest species. Managers must balance fuel reduction to reduce wildfire hazard with...
Surface water acidification responses and critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen deposition in Loch Vale watershed, Colorado
T.J. Sullivan, B.J. Cosby, K.A. Tonnessen, D. W. Clow
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
We evaluated the sensitivity of The Loch, a subalpine lake in Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado, to acidification in response to increased atmospheric loading of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) using the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC). Lake water acid‐base chemistry was moderately sensitive to changes...
A physical model for strain accumulation in the San Francisco Bay Region
F. F. Pollitz, M. Nyst
2005, Geophysical Journal International (160) 302-317
Strain accumulation in tectonically active regions is generally a superposition of the effects of background tectonic loading, steady-state dislocation processes, such as creep, and transient deformation. In the San Francisco Bay region (SFBR), the most uncertain of these processes is transient deformation, which arises primarily in association with large earthquakes....
