Efficacy of single calfhood vaccination of elk with Brucella abortus strain 19
T.J. Roffe, L.C. Jones, K. Coffin, M.L. Drew, Steven J. Sweeney, S.D. Hagius, P.H. Elzer, D. Davis
2004, Journal of Wildlife Management (68) 830-836
Brucellosis has been eradicated from cattle in the states of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, USA. However, free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) that use feedgrounds in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) and bison (Bison bison) in Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks still have high seroprevalence to the disease and have caused...
Modern sediment yield compared to geologic rates of sediment production in a semi-arid basin, New Mexico: Assessing the human impact
A. C. Gellis, M.J. Pavich, P.R. Bierman, E.M. Clapp, A. Ellevein, S. Aby
2004, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (29) 1359-1372
In the semi-arid Arroyo Chavez basin of New Mexico, a 2.28 km2 sub-basin of the Rio Puerco, we contrasted short-term rates (3 years) of sediment yield measured with sediment traps and dams with long-term, geologic rates (???10 000 years) of sediment production measured using 10Be. Examination of erosion rates at...
Pyroclastic flow hazard at Volcán Citlaltépetl
Michael F. Sheridan, Bernard E. Hubbard, Gerardo Carrasco-Nunez, Claus Siebe
2004, Natural Hazards (33) 209-221
Volcán Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba) with an elevation of 5,675 m is the highest volcano in North America. Its most recent catastrophic events involved the production of pyroclastic flows that erupted approximately 4,000, 8,500, and 13,000 years ago. The distribution of mapped deposits from these eruptions gives an approximate guide...
Ad Duwayhi, Saudi Arabia: Geology and geochronology of a neoproterozoic intrusion-related gold system in the Arabian shield
Jeff L. Doebrich, S.G. Zahony, J.D. Leavitt, J.S. Portacio Jr., A.A. Siddiqui, Joseph L. Wooden, Robert J. Fleck, Holly J. Stein
2004, Economic Geology (99) 713-741
The Ad Duwayhi gold deposit, located in the east-central part of the Arabian shield, is the newest gold discovery in Saudi Arabia. Exploration to date has identified a gold resource of greater than 1 million ounces (oz) with significant potential for expansion. Gold mineralization was closely associated, in time...
Estimation of runoff and sediment yield in the Redrock Creek watershed using AnnAGNPS and GIS
Ming-shu Tsou, X.-Y. Zhan
2004, Journal of Environmental Sciences (16) 865-867
Sediment has been identified as a significant threat to water quality and channel clogging that in turn may lead to river flooding. With the increasing awareness of the impairment from sediment to water bodies in a watershed, identifying the locations of the major sediment sources and reducing the sediment through...
Encounter history modeling of joint mark-recapture, tag-resighting and tag-recovery data under temporary emigration
R. J. Barker, K.P. Burnham, Gary C. White
2004, Statistica Sinica (14) 1037-1055
We describe a joint analysis of mark-recapture, tag-resight and tag-recovery data that directly models the encounter history of an animal. The probability of the encounter history for each animal is partitioned into survival, recapture, resighting, and recovery components, and a component for the probability that the animal is never encountered...
Wrightwood and the earthquake cycle: What a long recurrence record tells us about how faults work
R. Weldon, K. Scharer, T. Fumal, G. Biasi
2004, GSA Today (14) 4-10
The concept of the earthquake cycle is so well established that one often hears statements in the popular media like, "the Big One is overdue" and "the longer it waits, the bigger it will be." Surprisingly, data to critically test the variability in recurrence intervals, rupture displacements, and relationships between...
Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 1. Origin of Strombolian activity
S. Vergniolle, M. Boichu, J. Caplan-Auerbach
2004, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (137) 109-134
The 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) displayed both classical Strombolian activity and an explosive Subplinian plume. Strombolian activity at Shishaldin occurred in two major phases following the Subplinian activity. In this paper, we use acoustic measurements to interpret the Strombolian activity. Acoustic measurements of the two Strombolian...
Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model
Q. Zhuang, J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, R.G. Prinn, A. D. McGuire, P.A. Steudler, B.S. Felzer, S. Hu
2004, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (18)
We develop and use a new version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to study how rates of methane (CH4) emissions and consumption in high-latitude soils of the Northern Hemisphere have changed over the past century in response to observed changes in the region's climate. We estimate that the net...
Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
M.N. Gooseff, Diane M. McKnight, R.L. Runkel, J.H. Duff
2004, Limnology and Oceanography (49) 1884-1895
In extreme environments, retention of nutrients within stream ecosystems contributes to the persistence of aquatic biota and continuity of ecosystem function. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, many glacial meltwater streams flow for only 5–12 weeks a year and yet support extensive benthic microbial communities. We investigated...
Remediation of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons by in situ landfarming at an arctic site
K. McCarthy, L. Walker, L. Vigoren, J. Bartel
2004, Cold Regions Science and Technology (39) 31-39
A simple, economical landfarming operation was implemented to treat 3600 m3 of soil at a site just northeast of Barrow, AK (latitude 71.3 ??N). Prior to landfarming, diesel-range organics (DRO) and trimethylbenzenes (TMB) were present in the soil at concentrations more than an order of magnitude greater than the established...
Mortality sensitivity in life-stage simulation analysis: A case study of southern sea otters
L.R. Gerber, M. T. Tinker, D.F. Doak, J. A. Estes, David A. Jessup
2004, Ecological Applications (14) 1554-1565
Currently, there are no generally recognized approaches for linking detailed mortality and pathology data to population-level analyses of extinction risk. We used a combination of analytical and simulation-based analyses to examine 20 years of age- and sex-specific mortality data for southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris), and we applied results to...
New constraints on the sources and behavior of neodymium and hafnium in seawater from Pacific Ocean ferromanganese crusts
T. van de Flierdt, M. Frank, D.-C. Lee, A. N. Halliday, B.C. Reynolds, J.R. Hein
2004, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (68) 3827-3843
The behavior of dissolved Hf in the marine environment is not well understood due to the lack of direct seawater measurements of Hf isotopes and the limited number of Hf isotope time-series obtained from ferromanganese crusts. In order to place better constraints on input sources and develop further applications, a...
Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for geochemical reactions
D.C. Thorstenson, D.L. Parkhurst
2004, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (68) 2449-2465
Theory is derived from the work of Urey (Urey H. C. [1947] The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances. J. Chem. Soc. 562–581) to calculate equilibrium constants commonly used in geochemical equilibrium and reaction-transport models for reactions of individual isotopic species. Urey showed that equilibrium constants of isotope exchange reactions for molecules...
Modeling interpopulation dispersal by banner-tailed kangaroo rats
J.L. Skvarla, J.D. Nichols, J.E. Hines, P.M. Waser
2004, Ecology (85) 2737-2746
Many metapopulation models assume rules of population connectivity that are implicitly based on what we know about within-population dispersal, but especially for vertebrates, few data exist to assess whether interpopulation dispersal is just within-population dispersal "scaled up." We extended existing multi-stratum mark-release-recapture models to incorporate the robust design, allowing us...
Rupture models with dynamically determined breakdown displacement
D.J. Andrews
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 769-775
The critical breakdown displacement, Dc, in which friction drops to its sliding value, can be made dependent on event size by specifying friction to be a function of variables other than slip. Two such friction laws are examined here. The first is designed to achieve accuracy and smoothness in discrete...
Process based modeling of total longshore sediment transport
K.A. Haas, D.M. Hanes
2004, Journal of Coastal Research (20) 853-861
Waves, currents, and longshore sand transport are calculated locally as a function of position in the nearshore region using process based numerical models. The resultant longshore sand transport is then integrated across the nearshore to provide predictions of the total longshore transport of sand due to waves and longshore currents....
Paleoseismology and neotectonics of the Shivwits section of the Hurricane Fault, northwestern Arizona
L. Amoroso, P. A. Pearthree, J.R. Arrowsmith
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 1919-1942
The Shivwits section of the Hurricane Fault in northwestern Arizona has been largely ignored in evaluating the seismic hazard posed to the rapidly growing populations of southwestern Utah. To assess this hazard, we conducted studies along the Shivwits section using field observations and geomorphic modeling to understand the Quaternary tectonism...
Prediction of nonlinear soil effects
S. Hartzell, L.F. Bonilla, R. A. Williams
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 1609-1629
Mathematical models of soil nonlinearity in common use and recently developed nonlinear codes compared to investigate the range of their predictions. We consider equivalent linear formulations with and without frequency-dependent moduli and damping ratios and nonlinear formulations for total and effective stress. Average velocity profiles to 150 m depth with...
Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution: Combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors
F. Worrall, D.W. Kolpin
2004, Journal of Hydrology (293) 191-204
This study uses an extensive survey of herbicides in groundwater across the midwest United States to predict occurrences of a range of compounds across the region from a combination of their molecular properties and the properties of the catchment of a borehole. The study covers 100 boreholes and eight pesticides....
An experimental demonstration of stem damage as a predictor of fire-caused mortality for ponderosa pine
P. van Mantgem, M. Schwartz
2004, Canadian Journal of Forest Research (34) 1343-1347
We subjected 159 small ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) to treatments designed to test the relative importance of stem damage as a predictor of postfire mortality. The treatments consisted of a group with the basal bark artificially thinned, a second group with fuels removed from...
Frequency-dependent Lg Q within the continental United States
D. Erickson, D.E. McNamara, H.M. Benz
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 1630-1643
Frequency-dependent crustal attenuation (1/Q) is determined for seven distinct physiographic/tectonic regions of the continental United States using high-quality Lg waveforms recorded on broadband stations in the frequency band 0.5 to 16 Hz. Lg attenuation is determined from time-domain amplitude measurements in one-octave frequency bands centered on the frequencies 0.75, 1.0,...
Accuracy of a pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler in a wave-dominated flow
J.R. Lacy, C. R. Sherwood
2004, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (21) 1448-1461
The accuracy of velocities measured by a pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler (PCADP) in the bottom boundary layer of a wave-dominated inner-shelf environment is evaluated. The downward-looking PCADP measured velocities in eight 10-cm cells at 1 Hz. Velocities measured by the PCADP are compared to those measured by an acoustic Doppler...
Sampling and monitoring for closure
V. T. McLemore, C.C. Russell, K. S. Smith
2004, Conference Paper, 2004 SME Annual Meeting Preprints
The Metals Mining Sector of the Acid Drainage Technology Initiative (ADTI-MMS) addresses technical drainage-quality issues related to metal mining and related metallurgical operations, for future and active mines, as well as, for historical mines and mining districts. One of the first projects of ADTI-MMS is to develop a handbook describing...
VOCs in shallow groundwater in new residential/commercial areas of the United States
P. J. Squillace, M.J. Moran, C. V. Price
2004, Environmental Science & Technology (38) 5327-5338
The quality of shallow groundwater in urban areas was investigated by sampling 518 monitoring wells between 1996 and 2002 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Well networks were installed primarily in new residential/commercial areas less than about 30 years old (17 studies) and...
