Comparison of geodetic and glaciological mass-balance techniques, Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A
L.H. Cox, R.S. March
2004, Journal of Glaciology (50) 363-370
The net mass balance on Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., has been measured since 1966 by the glaciological method, in which seasonal balances are measured at three index sites and extrapolated over large areas of the glacier. Systematic errors can accumulate linearly with time in this method. Therefore, the geodetic balance,...
Geophysical data reveal the crustal structure of the Alaska Range orogen within the aftershock zone of the Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake
M. A. Fisher, N. A. Ratchkovski, W. J. Nokleberg, L. Pellerin, J.M.G. Glen
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S107-S131
Geophysical information, including deep-crustal seismic reflection, magnetotelluric (MT), gravity, and magnetic data, cross the aftershock zone of the 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake. These data and aftershock seismicity, jointly interpreted, reveal the crustal structure of the right-lateral-slip Denali fault and the eastern Alaska Range orogen, as well...
Precarious rock and overturned transformer evidence for ground shaking in the Ms 7.7 Kern County earthquake: An analog for disastrous shaking from a major thrust fault in the Los Angeles basin
J.N. Brune, A. Anooshehpoor, B. Shi, Yen Zheng
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 1993-2003
Precariously balanced rocks and overturned transformers in the vicinity of the White Wolf fault provide constraints on ground motion during the 1952 Ms 7.7 Kern County earthquake, a possible analog for an anticipated large earthquake in the Los Angeles basin (Shaw et al., 2002; Dolan et al., 2003). On the...
Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 1. Conceptualization of groundwater flow
Niel Plummer, L. M. Bexfield, S. K. Anderholm, W. E. Sanford, E. Busenberg
2004, Hydrogeology Journal (12) 359-388
Chemical and isotopic data for groundwater from throughout the Middle Rio Grande Basin, central New Mexico, USA, were used to identify and map groundwater flow from 12 sources of water to the basin, evaluate radiocarbon ages, and refine the conceptual model of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system.Hydrochemical...
Multi-stage origin of the Coast Range ophiolite, California: Implications for the life cycle of supra-subduction zone ophiolites
J.W. Shervais, D.L. Kimbrough, P. Renne, B.B. Hanan, B. Murchey, C.A. Snow, Schuman Zoglman, J. Beaman
2004, International Geology Review (46) 289-315
The Coast Range ophiolite of California is one of the most extensive ophiolite terranes in North America, extending over 700 km from the northernmost Sacramento Valley to the southern Transverse Ranges in central California. This ophiolite, and other ophiolite remnants with similar mid-Jurassic ages, represent a major but short-lived episode...
A teleseismic study of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and implications for rapid strong-motion estimation
C. Ji, D.V. Helmberger, D.J. Wald
2004, Earthquake Spectra (20) 617-637
Slip histories for the 2002 M7.9 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake are derived rapidly from global teleseismic waveform data. In phases, three models improve matching waveform data and recovery of rupture details. In the first model (Phase I), analogous to an automated solution, a simple fault plane is fixed based on...
Density dependence and risk of extinction in a small population of sea otters
L.R. Gerber, K.E. Buenau, G. VanBlaricom
2004, Biodiversity and Conservation (13) 2741-2757
Sea otters (Enhydra lutris (L.)) were hunted to extinction off the coast of Washington State early in the 20th century. A new population was established by translocations from Alaska in 1969 and 1970. The population, currently numbering at least 550 animals, A major threat to the population is the ongoing...
Flow resistance and suspended load in sand-bed rivers: Simplified stratification model
S. Wright, G. Parker
2004, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (130) 796-805
New methods are presented for the prediction of the flow depth, grain-size specific near-bed concentration, and bed-material suspended sediment transport rate in sand-bed rivers. The salient improvements delineated here all relate to the need to modify existing formulations in order to encompass the full range of sand-bed rivers, and in...
A method for evaluating the importance of system state observations to model predictions, with application to the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system
Claire R. Tiedeman, D. Matthew Ely, Mary C. Hill, Grady M. O’Brien
2004, Water Resources Research (40)
We develop a new observation‐prediction (OPR) statistic for evaluating the importance of system state observations to model predictions. The OPR statistic measures the change in prediction uncertainty produced when an observation is added to or removed from an existing monitoring network, and it can be used to guide refinement and...
Modification of pure oxygen absorption equipment for concurrent stripping of carbon dioxide
B.J. Watten, P.L. Sibrell, G.A. Montgomery, S.M. Tsukuda
2004, Conference Paper, Aquacultural Engineering
The high solubility of carbon dioxide precludes significant desorption within commercial oxygen absorption equipment. This operating characteristic of the equipment limits its application in recirculating water culture systems despite its ability to significantly increase allowable fish loading rates (kg/(L min)). Carbon dioxide (DC) is typically removed by air stripping. This...
Evidence for increased latent heat transport during the Cretaceous (Albian) greenhouse warming
David F. Ufnar, Luis A. Gonzalez, Greg A. Ludvigson, Richard L. Brenner, B.J. Witzke
2004, Geology (32) 1049-1052
Quantitative estimates of increased heat transfer by atmospheric H 2O vapor during the Albian greenhouse warming suggest that the intensified hydrologic cycle played a greater role in warming high latitudes than at present and thus represents a viable alternative to oceanic heat transport. Sphaerosiderite ??18O values in paleosols of the...
Geophysical modeling of the northern Appalachian Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes under the New Jersey Coastal Plain
T.J. Maguire, R. E. Sheridan, R.A. Volkert
2004, Journal of Geodynamics (37) 457-485
A regional terrane map of the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement was constructed using seismic, drilling, gravity and magnetic data. The Brompton-Cameron and Central Maine terranes were coalesced as one volcanic island arc terrane before obducting onto Laurentian, Grenville age, continental crust in the Taconian orogeny [Rankin, D.W., 1994. Continental...
Hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers
James J. Butler Jr., Xiaoyong Zhan
2004, Water Resources Research (40)
A semianalytical solution is presented for a mathematical model describing the flow of groundwater in response to a slug or pumping test in a highly permeable, confined aquifer. This solution, which is appropriate for wells of any degree of penetration and incorporates inertial mechanisms at both the test and observation...
Spatial and temporal variation of Cenozoic surface elevation in the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada
T.W. Horton, D.J. Sjostrom, M.J. Abruzzese, M.A. Poage, J.R. Waldbauer, M. Hren, J. Wooden, C. P. Chamberlain
2004, American Journal of Science (304) 862-888
The surface uplift of mountain belts caused by tectonism plays an important role in determining the long-term climate evolution of the Earth. However, the general lack of information on the paleotopography of mountain belts limits our ability to identify the links and feedbacks between topography, tectonics, and climate change on...
The offshore Palos Verdes fault zone near San Pedro, Southern California
M. A. Fisher, W. R. Normark, V.E. Langenheim, A.J. Calvert, R. Sliter
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 506-530
High-resolution seismic-reflection data are combined with a variety of other geophysical and geological data to interpret the offshore structure and earthquake hazards of the San Pedro shelf, near Los Angeles, California. Prominent structures investigated include the Wilmington graben, the Palos Verdes fault zone, various faults below the west part of...
Direct-push geochemical profiling for assessment of inorganic chemical heterogeneity in aquifers
M.K. Schulmeister, J.M. Healey, J.J. Butler Jr., G.W. McCall
2004, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (69) 215-232
Discrete-depth sampling of inorganic groundwater chemistry is essential for a variety of site characterization activities. Although the mobility and rapid sampling capabilities of direct-push techniques have led to their widespread use for evaluating the distribution of organic contaminants, complementary methods for the characterization of spatial variations in geochemical conditions have...
El Nino influence on Holocene reef accretion in Hawai'i
J. Rooney, C. Fletcher, E. Grossman, M. Engels, M. Field
2004, Pacific Science (58) 305-324
New observations of reef accretion from several locations show that in Hawai'i accretion during early to middle Holocene time occurred in areas where today it is precluded by the wave regime, suggesting an increase in wave energy. Accretion of coral and coralline algae reefs in the Hawaiian Islands today is...
Intra-seasonal mapping of CO2 flux in rangelands of northern Kazakhstan at one-kilometer resolution
B.K. Wylie, T.G. Gilmanov, D.A. Johnson, Nicanor Z. Saliendra, K. Akshalov, L.L. Tieszen, B. C. Reed, Emilio Laca
2004, Environmental Management (33) S482-S491
Algorithms that establish relationships between variables obtained through remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies are needed to allow the scaling up of site-specific CO2 flux measurements to regional levels. We obtained Bowen ratio-energy balance (BREB) flux tower measurements during the growing seasons of 1998-2000 above a grassland steppe...
Comparison of four moderate-size earthquakes in southern California using seismology and InSAR
R.J. Mellors, H. Magistrale, P. Earle, A.H. Cogbill
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 2004-2014
Source parameters determined from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements and from seismic data are compared from four moderate-size (less than M 6) earthquakes in southern California. The goal is to verify approximate detection capabilities of InSAR, assess differences in the results, and test how the two results can be...
New insights on stress rotations from a forward regional model of the San Andreas fault system near its Big Bend in southern California
D.D. Fitzenz, S.A. Miller
2004, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (109)
Understanding the stress field surrounding and driving active fault systems is an important component of mechanistic seismic hazard assessment. We develop and present results from a time-forward three-dimensional (3-D) model of the San Andreas fault system near its Big Bend in southern California. The model boundary conditions are assessed by...
Vestiges of an Iapetan rift basin in the New Jersey Highlands: Implfications for the Neoproterozoic Laurentian margin
A.E. Gates, R.A. Volkert
2004, Journal of Geodynamics (37) 381-409
Thin, discontinuous remnants of Neoproterozoic intracratonic rift-basin deposits of the Chestnut Hill Formation occur in the western New Jersey Highlands. These deposits form an important link between well-documented Iapetan rift-basins in both the northern and southern Appalachians. The close spatial relations of Chestnut Hill rocks to Paleozoic sedimentary rocks open...
New constraints on the active tectonic deformation of the Aegean
M. Nyst, W. Thatcher
2004, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (109) 1-23
Site velocities from six separate Global Positioning System (GPS) networks comprising 374 stations have been referred to a single common Eurasia-fixed reference frame to map the velocity distribution over the entire Aegean. We use the GPS velocity field to identify deforming regions, rigid elements, and potential microplate boundaries, and build...
In-flight validation and recovery of water surface temperature with Landsat-5 thermal infrared data using an automated high-altitude lake validation site at Lake Tahoe
S.J. Hook, G. Chander, J. A. Barsi, R.E. Alley, A. Abtahi, Frank Don Palluconi, B. L. Markham, R.C. Richards, S.G. Schladow, D. L. Helder
2004, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (42) 2767-2776
The absolute radiometric accuracy of the thermal infrared band (B6) of the Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument on the Landsat-5 (L5) satellite was assessed over a period of approximately four years using data from the Lake Tahoe automated validation site (California-Nevada). The Lake Tahoe site was established in July 1999, and...
Annual survival estimation of migratory songbirds confounded by incomplete breeding site-fidelity: Study designs that may help
M.R. Marshall, Duane R. Diefenbach, L.A. Wood, R.J. Cooper
2004, Animal Biodiversity and Conservation (27) 59-72
Many species of bird exhibit varying degrees of site-fidelity to the previous year's territory or breeding area, a phenomenon we refer to as incomplete breeding site-fidelity. If the territory they occupy is located beyond the bounds of the study area or search area (i.e., they have emigrated from the study...
Modes of occurrence of mercury and other trace elements in coals from the warrior field, Black Warrior Basin, Northwestern Alabama
S. F. Diehl, M. B. Goldhaber, J. R. Hatch
2004, International Journal of Coal Geology (59) 193-208
The mineralogic residence and abundance of trace metals is an important environmental issue. Data from the USGS coal quality database show that potentially toxic elements, including Hg, As, Mo, Se, Cu, and Tl are enriched in a subset of coal samples in the Black Warrior Basin of Alabama, USA. Although...
