Influence of surface-normal ground acceleration on the initiation of the Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan landslide during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake
C.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Lee, Huaibao P. Liu, D. K. Keefer, R.W. Jibson
2001, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (91) 953-958
The 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake triggered numerous landslides throughout a large area in the Central Range, to the east, southeast, and south of the fault rupture. Among them are two large rock avalanches, at Tsaoling and at Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan. At Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan, the entire thickness (30-50 m) of the Miocene Changhukeng Shale...
Development and application of a spatial hydrology model of Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia
C.S. Loftin, W.M. Kitchens, N. Ansay
2001, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (37) 935-956
The model described herein was used to assess effects of the Suwannee River sill (a low earthen dam constructed to impound the Suwannee River within the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge to eliminate wildfires) on the hydrologic environment of Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia. Developed with Arc/Info Macro Language routines in the GRID...
Climate regimes and water temperature changes in the Columbia River: bioenergetic implications for predators of juvenile salmon
J.H. Petersen, J.F. Kitchell
2001, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (58) 1831-1841
We examined how climatic regime shifts may have affected predation rates on juvenile Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis, also called northern pikeminnow), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) in the Columbia River. During 1933-1996, oceanic, coastal, and freshwater indices of climate were highly correlated,...
Association of amphibians with attenuation of ultraviolet-b radiation in montane ponds
M. J. Adams, Daniel E. Schindler, R. Bruce Bury
2001, Oecologia (128) 519-525
Ambient ultraviolet-b (UV-B) radiation (280–320 nm) has increased at north-temperate latitudes in the last two decades. UV-B can be detrimental to amphibians, and amphibians have shown declines in some areas during this same period. We documented the distribution of amphibians and salmonids in 42 remote, subalpine and alpine ponds in Olympic...
Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest
Robert G. Striegl, K.P. Wickland
2001, Canadian Journal of Forest Research (31) 1540-1550
Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission (soil respiration), net CO2 exchange after photosynthetic uptake by ground-cover plants, and soil CO2 concentration versus depth below land surface were measured at four ages of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest in central Saskatchewan. Soil respiration was smallest at a clear-cut site, largest in...
GPS constraints on M 7-8 earthquake recurrence times for the New Madrid seismic zone
W.D. Stuart
2001, Seismological Research Letters (72) 745-753
Newman et al. (1999) estimate the time interval between the 1811–1812 earthquake sequence near New Madrid, Missouri and a future similar sequence to be at least 2,500 years, an interval significantly longer than other recently published estimates. To calculate the recurrence time, they assume that slip on a...
An evaluation of selenium concentrations in water, sediment, invertebrates, and fish from the Republican River Basin: 1997-1999
T.W. May, M.J. Walther, J. D. Petty, J.F. Fairchild, J. Lucero, M. Delvaux, J. Manring, M. Armbruster, D. Hartman
2001, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (72) 179-206
The Republican River Basin of Colorado,Nebraska, and Kansas lies in a valley which contains PierreShale as part of its geological substrata. Selenium is anindigenous constituent in the shale and is readily leached intosurrounding groundwater. The Basin is heavily irrigated throughthe pumping of groundwater, some of which is selenium-contaminated, onto fields...
A model for lignin alteration - Part I: A kinetic reaction-network model
D.F. Payne, P.J. Ortoleva
2001, Organic Geochemistry (32) 1073-1085
A new quantitative model is presented which simulates the maturation of lignin-derived sedimentary organic matter under geologic conditions. In this model, compositionally specific reactants evolve to specific intermediate and mobile products through balanced, nth order processes, by way of a network of sequential and parallel reactions. The chemical kinetic approach...
Geochemical evidence for mudstone as the possible major oil source rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin, Northwest China
J. Chen, Yelun Qin, B.G. Huff, D. Wang, D. Han, D. Huang
2001, Organic Geochemistry (32) 1103-1125
Geologists and geochemists have debated whether hydrocarbons from Jurassic coal measures are derived from the mudstones or the coals themselves. This paper identifies mudstones as the possible major source rock of hydrocarbons in the Jurassic basins in Northwest China. The Turpan Basin is used as a representative model. Mudstones in...
A model for lignin alteration - Part II: Numerical model of natural gas generation and application to the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado
D.F. Payne, P.J. Ortoleva
2001, Organic Geochemistry (32) 1087-1101
The model presented here simulates a network of parallel and sequential reactions that describe the structural and chemical transformation of lignin-derived sedimentary organic matter (SOM) and the resulting generation of mobile species from shallow burial to approximately low-volatile bituminous rank. The model is calibrated to the Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork...
River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall
B.M. Troutman, T.M. Over
2001, Advances in Water Resources (24) 967-989
An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit...
1D numerical model of muddy subaqueous and subaerial debris flows
J. Imran, G. Parker, J. Locat, H. Lee
2001, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (127) 959-968
A 1D numerical model of the downslope flow and deposition of muddy subaerial and subaqueous debris flows is presented. The model incorporates the Herschel-Bulkley and bilinear rheologies of viscoplastic fluid. The more familiar Bingham model is integrated into the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model. The conservation equations of mass and momentum of...
Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results
P. R. Christensen, J. L. Bandfield, V.E. Hamilton, S. W. Ruff, H. H. Kieffer, T.N. Titus, M. C. Malin, R.V. Morris, M. D. Lane, R.L. Clark, B. M. Jakosky, M. T. Mellon, J.C. Pearl, B.J. Conrath, M. D. Smith, R.T. Clancy, R.O. Kuzmin, T. Roush, G.L. Mehall, N. Gorelick, K. Bender, K. Murray, S. Dason, E. Greene, S. Silverman, M. Greenfield
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (106) 23823-23871
The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) investigation on Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) is aimed at determining (1) the composition of surface minerals, rocks, and ices; (2) the temperature and dynamics of the atmosphere; (3) the properties of the atmospheric aerosols and clouds; (4) the nature of the polar regions; and (5)...
Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades
Michael M. Reddy, George Aiken
2001, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (132) 89-104
Negatively charged functional groups of fulvic acid compete with inorganic sulfide ion for mercury ion binding. This competition is evaluated here by using a discrete site-electrostatic model to calculate mercury solution speciation in the presence of fulvic acid. Model calculated species distributions are used to estimate a mercury-fulvic acid apparent...
Forest impact estimated with NOAA AVHRR and landsat TM data related to an empirical hurricane wind-field distribution
Elijah W. Ramsey III, M.E. Hodgson, S.K. Sapkota, G.A. Nelson
2001, Remote Sensing of Environment (77) 279-292
An empirical model was used to relate forest type and hurricane-impact distribution with wind speed and duration to explain the variation of hurricane damage among forest types along the Atchafalaya River basin of coastal Louisiana. Forest-type distribution was derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper image data, hurricane-impact distribution from a suite...
Solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated fractures
Grace W. Su, Jil T. Geller, Karsten Pruess, James R. Hunt
2001, Water Resources Research (37) 2481-2491
Laboratory experiments were conducted to study solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated, inclined fractures. Qualitative aspects of solute transport were identified in a miscible dye tracer experiment conducted in a transparent replica of a natural granite fracture. Additional experiments were conducted to measure the breakthrough curves of a...
Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska
Randall L. Zarnke, Jim F. Evermann, Jay M. Ver Hoef, Mark E. McNay, Rodney D. Boertje, Craig L. Gardner, Layne G. Adams, Bruce W. Dale, John W. Burch
2001, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (37) 740-745
Wolves (Canis lupus) were captured in three areas of Interior Alaska (USA). Four hundred twenty-five sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine coronavirus by means of an indirect fluorescent antibody procedure. Serum antibody prevalence averaged 70% (167/240) during the spring collection period and 25% (46/185) during the autumn...
Predictive modeling of flow and transport in a two‐dimensional intermediate‐scale, heterogeneous porous medium
Gilbert R. Barth, Mary C. Hill, Tissa H. Illangasekare, Harihar Rajaram
2001, Water Resources Research (37) 2503-2512
As a first step toward understanding the role of sedimentary structures in flow and transport through porous media, this work deterministically examines how small‐scale laboratory‐measured values of hydraulic conductivity relate to in situ values of simple, artificial structures in an intermediate‐scale (10 m long), two‐dimensional, heterogeneous, laboratory experiment. Results were...
Distribution of algae in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to nutrient supply, salinity and other environmental factors
H.V. Leland, L. R. Brown, D. K. Mueller
2001, Freshwater Biology (46) 1139-1167
1. The taxonomic composition and biomass of the phytoplankton and the taxonomic composition of the phytobenthos of the San Joaquin River and its major tributaries were examined in relation to water chemistry, habitat and flow regime. Agricultural drainage and subsurface flow contribute to a complex gradient of salinity and nutrients...
Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle
F. F. Pollitz
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 26541-26560
I examine the behavior of a two-dimensional (2-D) strike-slip fault system embedded in a 1-D elastic layer (schizosphere) overlying a uniform viscoelastic half-space (plastosphere) and within the boundaries of a finite width shear zone. The viscoelastic coupling model of Savage and Prescott [1978] considers the viscoelastic response of this system,...
Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface
A.E. Jeton
2001, Conference Paper, Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), developed a computer program to provide a general framework needed to couple disparate environmental resource models and to manage the necessary data. The Object-User Interface (OUI) is a map-based interface for models and modeling data. It provides...
Strontium isotopes reveal distant sources of architectural timber in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico
N.B. English, J.L. Betancourt, J.S. Dean, Jay Quade
2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (98) 11891-11896
Between A.D. 900 and 1150, more than 200,000 conifer trees were used to build the prehistoric great houses of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, in what is now a treeless landscape. More than one-fifth of these timbers were spruce (Picea) or fir (Abies) that were hand-carried from isolated mountaintops 75-100 km...
Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A "beehive" volcano in turmoil
J.C. Varekamp, A.P. Ouimette, S.W. Herman, A. Bermudez, D. Delpino
2001, Geology (29) 1059-1062
Copahue volcano erupted altered rock debris, siliceous dust, pyroclastic sulfur, and rare juvenile fragments between 1992 and 1995, and magmatic eruptions occurred in July– October 2000. Prior to 2000, the Copahue crater lake, acid hot springs, and rivers carried acid brines with compositions that reflected close to congruent rock dissolution....
Tomographic inversion of P-wave velocity and Q structures beneath the Kirishima volcanic complex, Southern Japan, based on finite difference calculations of complex traveltimes
T. Tomatsu, Hiroyuki Kumagai, P.B. Dawson
2001, Geophysical Journal International (146) 781-794
We estimate the P-wave velocity and attenuation structures beneath the Kirishima volcanic complex, southern Japan, by inverting the complex traveltimes (arrival times and pulse widths) of waveform data obtained during an active seismic experiment conducted in 1994. In this experiment, six 200-250 kg shots were recorded at 163 temporary seismic...
Comparisons of ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi, earthquake with empirical predictions largely based on data from California
D.M. Boore
2001, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (91) 1212-1217
This article has the modest goal of comparing the ground motions recorded during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, mainshock with predictions from four empirical-based equations commonly used for western North America; these empirical predictions are largely based on data from California. Comparisons are made for peak acceleration and 5%-damped response spectra...
