Preliminary results on photometric properties of materials at the Sagan Memorial Station, Mars
Jeffrey R. Johnson, Randolph L. Kirk, Laurence A. Soderblom, Lisa R. Gaddis, Robert J. Reid, Daniel T. Britt, Peter Smith, Mark T. Lemmon, Nicolas Thomas, James F. Bell III, Nathan T. Bridges, Robert Anderson, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Justin N. Maki, Scott L. Murchie, Andreas Dummel, Ralf Jaumann, Frank Trauthan, Gabriele Arnold
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (104) 8809-8830
Reflectance measurements of selected rocks and soils over a wide range of illumination geometries obtained by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) camera provide constraints on interpretations of the physical and mineralogical nature of geologic materials at the landing site. The data sets consist of (1) three small “photometric spot”...
Component flow processes at four streams in the Catskill Mountains, New York, analysed using episodic concentration/discharge relationship
C. Evans, T.D. Davies, Peter S. Murdoch
1999, Hydrological Processes (13) 563-575
Plots of solute concentration against discharge have been used to relate stream hydrochemical variations to processes of flow generation, using data collected at four streams in the Catskill Mountains, New York, during the Episodic Response Project of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Results suggest that a two-component system of shallow...
An environmental tolerance index for ostracodes as indicators of physical and chemical factors in aquatic habitats
B. Brandon Curry
1999, Conference Paper, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Continental ostracode occurrences reflect salinity, solute composition, temperature, flow conditions, and other environmental properties of the water they inhabit. Their occurrences also reflect the variability of many of these environmental parameters. Environmental tolerance indices (ETIs) offer a new way to express the nature of an ostracode's environment. As defined herein,...
Assessment of Mars Pathfinder landing site predictions
M.P. Golombek, H. J. Moore, A. F. C. Haldemann, T. J. Parker, J. T. Schofield
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (104) 8585-8594
Remote sensing data at scales of kilometers and an Earth analog were used to accurately predict the characteristics of the Mars Pathfinder landing site at a scale of meters. The surface surrounding the Mars Pathfinder lander in Ares Vallis appears consistent with orbital interpretations, namely, that it would be a...
Effects of environmental change on plant species density: Comparing predictions with experiments
L. Gough, J.B. Grace
1999, Ecology (80) 882-890
Ideally, general ecological relationships may be used to predict responses of natural communities to environmental change, but few attempts have been made to determine the reliability of predictions based on descriptive data. Using a previously published structural equation model (SEM) of descriptive data from a coastal marsh landscape, we compared...
Digital mapping of the Mars Pathfinder landing site: Design, acquisition, and derivation of cartographic products for science applications
Lisa R. Gaddis, Randolph L. Kirk, J. R. Johnson, Laurence A. Soderblom, A. W. Ward, J. Barrett, Kris J. Becker, Tammy L. Becker, J. Blue, D. Cook, E. Eliason, Trent M. Hare, Elpitha Howington-Kraus, C. Isbell, E.M. Lee, Bonnie L. Redding, Robert M. Sucharski, Tracie L. Sucharski, P. H. Smith, D.T. Britt
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (104) 8853-8868
The Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) acquired more than 16,000 images and provided panoramic views of the surface of Mars at the Mars Pathfinder landing site in Ares Vallis. This paper describes the stereoscopic, multispectral IMP imaging sequences and focuses on their use for digital mapping of the landing site...
Subdivision of Holocene Baltic sea sediments by their physical properties [Gliederung holozaner ostseesedimente nach physikalischen Eigenschaften]
Jan Harff, Geoffrey C. Bohling, R. Endler, J.C. Davis, Ricardo A. Olea
1999, Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen (143) 50-55
The Holocene sediment sequence of a core taken within the centre of the Eastern Gotland Basin was subdivided into 12 lithostratigraphic units based on MSCL-data (sound velocity, wet bulk density, magnetic susceptibility) using a multivariate classification method. The lower 6 units embrace the sediments until the Litorina transgression, and the...
Attenuation and source properties at the Coso Geothermal area, California
S. E. Hough, J.M. Lees, F. Monastero
1999, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (89) 1606-1619
We use a multiple-empirical Green's function method to determine source properties of small (M −0.4 to 1.3) earthquakes and P- and S-wave attenuation at the Coso Geothermal Field, California. Source properties of a previously identified set of clustered events from the Coso geothermal region are first...
The role of adaptive management as an operational approach for resource management agencies
Barry L. Johnson
1999, Conservation Ecology (3)
In making resource management decisions, agencies use a variety of approaches that involve different levels of political concern, historical precedence, data analyses, and evaluation. Traditional decision-making approaches have often failed to achieve objectives for complex problems in large systems, such as the Everglades or the Colorado River. I contend that...
Development of a comprehensive watershed model applied to study stream yield under drought conditions
S.P. Perkins, M. Sophocleous
1999, Groundwater (37) 418-426
We developed a model code to simulate a watershed's hydrology and the hydraulic response of an interconnected stream-aquifer system, and applied the model code to the Lower Republican River Basin in Kansas. The model code links two well-known computer programs: MODFLOW (modular 3-D flow...
Abrupt along-strike change in tectonic style: San Andreas fault zone, San Francisco Peninsula
M.L. Zoback, R.C. Jachens, J. A. Olson
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (104) 10719-10742
Seismicity and high-resolution aeromagnetic data are used to define an abrupt change from compressional to extensional tectonism within a 10- to 15-km-wide zone along the San Andreas fault on the San Francisco Peninsula and offshore from the Golden Gate. This 100-km-long section of the San Andreas fault includes the hypocenter...
Coseismic slip resolution along a plate boundary megathrust: the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan
Takeshi Sagiya, Wayne Thatcher
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (104) 1111-1129
Geodetic survey measurements are used to estimate the coseismic slip distribution in the 1944 Tonankai (Mw=8.1) and 1946 Nankaido (Mw=8.3) earthquakes and to assess quantitatively the degree to which this slip is resolved on the plate boundary megathrust. Data used include 798 angle changes from triangulation surveys, 328 leveling section...
Behavioral correlates of heart rates of free-living Greater White-fronted Geese
Craig R. Ely, David H. Ward, Karen S. Bollinger
1999, Condor (101) 390-395
We simultaneously monitored the heart rate and behavior of nine free-living Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons) on their wintering grounds in northern California. Heart rates of wild geese were monitored via abdominally-implanted radio transmitters with electrodes that received electrical impulses of the heart and emitted a radio signal with each...
Style and origin of mid-Carboniferous deformation in the Illinois Basin, USA - Ancestral rockies deformation?
J.H. McBride, W.J. Nelson
1999, Tectonophysics (305) 249-273
The integration of outcrop, borehole, and seismic reflection data from the Illinois Basin and adjacent eastern Ozark Dome in Illinois and Missouri sheds new light on the style and origin of intra-cratonic deformation. Typical structures of this region are high-angle reverse faults in Precambrian basement that propagated upward to monoclines...
Mass-balance measurements in Alaska and suggestions for simplified observation programs
D.C. Trabant, R.S. March
1999, Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography (81) 777-789
US Geological Survey glacier fieldwork in Alaska includes repetitious measurements, corrections for leaning or bending stakes, an ability to reliably measure seasonal snow as deep as 10 m, absolute identification of summer surfaces in the accumulation area, and annual evaluation of internal accumulation, internal ablation, and glacier‐thickness changes.Prescribed field...
Sequential filling of a late paleozoic foreland basin
J. C. Mars’, W.A. Thomas
1999, Journal of Sedimentary Research (69) 1191-1208
Through the use of an extensive data base of geophysical well logs, parasequence-scale subdivisions within a late Paleozoic synorogenic clastic wedge resolve cycles of sequential subsidence of a foreland basin, sediment progradation, subsidence of a carbonate shelf edge, diachronously subsiding discrete depositional centers,...
Utility of EXAFS in characterization and speciation of mercury-bearing mine wastes
C.S. Kim, J. J. Rytuba, Gordon E. Brown Jr.
1999, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (6) 648-650
Extensive mining of large mercury deposits located in the California Coast Range has resulted in mercury contamination of both the local environment and water supplies. The solubility, dispersal, and ultimate fate of mercury are all affected by its chemical speciation, which can be most readily determined in a direct fashion...
Measurements of Reynolds stress profiles in unstratified tidal flow
M.T. Stacey, Stephen G. Monismith, J.R. Burau
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (104) 10933-10949
In this paper we present a method for measuring profiles of turbulence quantities using a broadband acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP). The method follows previous work on the continental shelf and extends the analysis to develop estimates of the errors associated with the estimation methods. ADCP data was collected in...
The effects of copper on blood and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
G.M. Dethloff, D. Schlenk, S. Khan, H.C. Bailey
1999, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (36) 415-423
Metals are released into aquatic systems from many sources, often at sublethal concentrations. The effects of sublethal concentrations of metals on fish are not entirely understood. The objective of this study was to determine the hematological and biochemical effects of a range of copper concentrations (6.4, 16.0, 26.9 ??g Cu/L)...
Crystal growth mechanisms in miarolitic cavities in the Lake George ring complex and vicinity, Colorado
D. E. Kile, D. D. Eberl
1999, American Mineralogist (84) 718-724
The Crystal Peak area of the Pikes Peak batholith, near Lake George in central Colorado, is world-renowned for its crystals of amazonite (the blue-green variety of microcline) and smoky quartz. Such crystals, collected from individual miarolitic pegmatites, have a remakably small variation in crystal size within each pegmatite, and the...
The distribution and relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valley, Antarctica
M.A. Voytek, J.C. Priscu, B.B. Ward
1999, Hydrobiologia (401) 113-130
Marked differences in the concentrations of major ions and cations, macronutrient chemistry and general trophic status exist among the lakes of the McMurdo dry valleys in Antarctica. These differences have been attributed to both variations in stream inputs and in situ lake processes (Priscu, 1995; Lizotte et al., 1996, Spigel...
Distribution of microbial physiologic types in an aquifer contaminated by crude oil
B.A. Bekins, E.M. Godsy, E. Warren
1999, Microbial Ecology (37) 263-275
We conducted a plume-scale study of the microbial ecology in the anaerobic portion of an aquifer contaminated by crude-oil compounds. The data provide insight into the patterns of ecological succession, microbial nutrient demands, and the relative importance of free-living versus attached microbial populations. The most probable number (MPN) method was...
Evaluation of stream water quality in Atlanta, Georgia, and the surrounding region (USA)
N.E. Peters, S.J. Kandell
1999, IAHS-AISH Publication 279-290
A water-quality index (WQI) was developed from historical data (1986-1995) for streams in the Atlanta Region and augmented with 'new' and generally more comprehensive biweekly data on four small urban streams, representing an industrial area, a developed medium-density residential area and developing and developed low-density residential areas. Parameter WQIs were...
UCODE, a computer code for universal inverse modeling
E. P. Poeter, M. C. Hill
1999, Computers & Geosciences (25) 457-462
This article presents the US Geological Survey computer program UCODE, which was developed in collaboration with the US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station and the International Ground Water Modeling Center of the Colorado School of Mines. UCODE performs inverse modeling, posed as a parameter-estimation problem, using nonlinear regression....
Evaluating sediment chemistry and toxicity data using logistic regression modeling
L.J. Field, D.D. MacDonald, S.B. Norton, C.G. Severn, C.G. Ingersoll
1999, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (18) 1311-1322
This paper describes the use of logistic-regression modeling for evaluating matching sediment chemistry and toxicity data. Contaminant- specific logistic models were used to estimate the percentage of samples expected to be toxic at a given concentration. These models enable users to select the probability of effects of concern corresponding to...
