Newcastle disease
D. E. Docherty, M. Friend
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Newcastle Disease (ND) in domestic poultry is a focus for concern throughout much of the world’s agricultural community because of severe economic losses that have occurred from illness, death, and reduced egg production following infection with pathogenic or disease causing strains. Prior to 1990, this disease had rarely been reported...
Low-temperature alteration of dredged volcanics from the Southern Chile Ridge: Additional information about early stages of seafloor weathering
T. Pichler, W.I. Ridley, E. Nelson
1999, Marine Geology (159) 155-177
A suite of submarine volcanic rocks from the Southern Chile Ridge has been examined in order to investigate the early stages of low temperature alteration. Alteration in these samples proceeded as follows: (1) Fe-staining on sample surface and along fractures, (2) filling of vesicles with secondary material, (3) breakdown of...
Geology of the Upheaval Dome impact structure, southeast Utah
Bryan J. Kriens, Eugene M. Shoemaker, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (104) 18867-18887
Two vastly different phenomena, impact and salt diapirism, have been proposed for the origin of Upheaval Dome, a spectacular scenic feature in southeast Utah. Detailed geologic mapping and seismic refraction data indicate that the dome originated by collapse of a transient cavity formed by impact. Evidence is as follows: (1)...
Diffuse-flow hydrothermal field in an oceanic fracture zone setting, Northeast Pacific: Deposit composition
J.R. Hein, R.A. Koski, R.W. Embley, J. Reid, S.-W. Chang
1999, Exploration and Mining Geology (8) 299-322
This is the first reported occurrence of an active hydrothermal field in an oceanic fracture zone setting. The hydrothermal field occurs in a pull-apart basin within the Blanco Fracture Zone (BFZ), which has four distinct mineral deposit types: (1) barite mounds and chimneys, (2) barite stockwork breccia, (3) silica-barite beds,...
Metal emissions from Kilauea, and a suggested revision of the estimated worldwide metal output by quiescent degassing of volcanoes
T. K. Hinkley, P. J. Lamothe, S. A. Wilson, David L. Finnegan, T.M. Gerlach
1999, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (170) 315-325
Measurements of a large suite of metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and several others) and sulfur at Kilauea volcano over an extended period of time has yielded a detailed record of the atmospheric injection of ordinarily-rare metals from this quiescently degassing volcano, representative of an important type. We have combined...
Vocalizations of the Kittlitz's Murrelet
Thomas I. van Pelt, John F. Piatt, Gus B. Van Vliet
1999, Condor (101) 395-398
We present the first documentation of Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) vocalizations, based on recordings made in Glacier Bay, Alaska, in 1994. We identified two apparently related types of calls: groan and quack. The Kittlitz's Murrelet calls were markedly different from the most common calls of the congeneric Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus...
Multiple stresses from a single agent: Diverse responses to the experimental acidification of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin
T.M. Frost, P.K. Montz, T.K. Kratz, T. Badillo, P.L. Brezonik, M.J. Gonzalez, R.G. Rada, C.J. Watras, K.E. Webster, J.G. Wiener, C.E. Williamson, D.P. Morris
1999, Limnology and Oceanography (44) 784-794
A single stress, acidification with sulfuric acid, was applied to Little Rock Lake in a whole-ecosystem manipulation. We documented a wide range of responses to the acidification, including increases in the concentrations of various chemicals, shifts in microbial processes and a major increase in water clarity to UV-B radiation. Each...
Hypothesis of historical effects from selenium on endangered fish in the Colorado River basin
S. J. Hamilton
1999, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment (5) 1153-1180
Anthropogenic selenium contamination of aquatic ecosystems was first associated with cooling reservoirs of coal-fired power plants in the late 1970s, and later with drainage water from agricultural irrigation activities in the 1980s. In the 1990s, selenium contamination has been raised as a concern in the recovery of currently endangered fish...
Synchroneity of the K-T oceanic mass extinction and meteorite impact: Blake Nose, western North Atlantic
R.D. Norris, B.T. Huber, J. Self-Trail
1999, Geology (27) 419-422
A 10-cm-thick layer of green spherules occurs precisely at the biostratigraphic boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene (K-T boundary) at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1049 (lat 30°08′N, long 76°06′W). The spherulitic layer contains abundant rock fragments (chalk, limestone, dolomite, chert, mica books, and...
A geographic analysis of the status of mountain lions in Oklahoma
J.R. Pike, J.H. Shaw, David M. Leslie Jr., M.G. Shaw
1999, Wildlife Society Bulletin (27) 4-11
The geographic distribution of sightings and sign of mountain lions (Puma concolor) in Oklahoma was investigated. Mail survey questionnaires were sent to natural resource professionals throughout Oklahoma to gather temporal and spatial information on sightings of mountain lions from 1985 to 1995. We used a geographic information system (GIS) to...
Lanthanide, yttrium, and zirconium anomalies in the Fire Clay coal bed, Eastern Kentucky
J.C. Hower, L.F. Ruppert, C.F. Eble
1999, International Journal of Coal Geology (39) 141-153
The Fire Clay coal bed in the Central Appalachian basin region contains a laterally-persistent tonstein that is found in the coal throughout most of its areal extent. The tonstein contains an array of minerals, including sanidine, ??-quartz, anatase and euhedral zircon, thhat constitutes strong evidence for a volcanic origin of...
Ventifacts at the Pathfinder landing site
N.T. Bridges, R. Greeley, A. F. C. Haldemann, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, M. Kraft, T. J. Parker, A. W. Ward
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (104) 8595-8615
About half of the rocks at the Mars Pathfinder Ares Vallis landing site appear to be ventifacts, rocks abraded by windborne particles. Comparable resolution images taken by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) camera and the Viking landers show that ventifacts are more abundant at the Pathfinder site. The ventifacts...
Tectonic and regional metamorphic implications of the discovery of Middle Ordovician conodonts in cover rocks east of the Green Mountain massif, Vermont
N. M. Ratcliffe, A. G. Harris, G. J. Walsh
1999, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (36) 371-382
Middle Ordovician (late Arenigian - early Caradocian) conodonts were recovered from a dolostone lens in carbonaceous schist 30 m below the base of the Pinney Hollow Formation in the Eastern Cover sequence near West Bridgewater, Vermont. These are the first reported fossils from the metamorphic cover sequence rocks east of...
Poisoning of raptors with organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides with emphasis on Canada, U.S. and U.K.
P. Mineau, M.R. Fletcher, L.C. Glaser, N. J. Thomas, C. Brassard, L. K. Wilson, J. E. Elliott, L.A. Lyon, Charles J. Henny, T. Bollinger, S.L. Porter
1999, Journal of Raptor Research (33) 1-37
We reviewed cases of raptor mortality resulting from cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides. We compiled records from the U.S., U.K. and Canada for the period 1985-95 (520 incidents) and surveyed the relevant literature to identify the main routes of exposure and those products that led to the greatest number of poisoning cases. A...
Subsurface gas offshore of northern California and its link to submarine geomorphology
J.W. Yun, D.L. Orange, M.E. Field
1999, Marine Geology (154) 357-368
The northern California continental margin contains evidence of abundant subsurface gas and numerous seafloor features that suggest a causative link between gas expulsion and geomorphology. Analyses of seismic reflection, sidescan sonar, and high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data show that the occurrence of subbottom gas and the migration processes beneath the shelf...
Scale-dependent habitat use in three species of prairie wetland birds
D.E. Naugle, K.F. Higgins, S.M. Nusser, W.C. Johnson
1999, Landscape Ecology (14) 267-276
We evaluated the influence of scale on habitat use for three wetland-obligate bird species with divergent life history characteristics and possible scale-dependent criteria for nesting and foraging in South Dakota, USA. A stratified, two-stage cluster sample was used to randomly select survey wetlands within strata defined by region, wetland density,...
Prediction of gas production using well logs, Cretaceous of north-central Montana
T.C. Hester
1999, Mountain Geologist (36) 85-98
Cretaceous gas sands underlie much of east-central Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, eastern Montana, western North Dakota, and parts of South Dakota and Wyoming. Estimates of recoverable biogenic methane from these rocks in the United States are as high as 91 TCF. In northern Montana, current production is localized around a...
The chemical and isotopic differentiation of an epizonal magma body: Organ Needle pluton, New Mexico
P. L. Verplanck, G. L. Farmer, M. McCurry, S.A. Mertzman
1999, Journal of Petrology (40) 653-678
Major and trace element, and Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of whole rocks and mineral separates from the Oligocene, alkaline Organ Needle pluton (ONP), southern New Mexico, constrain models for the differentiation of the magma body parental to this compositionally zoned and layered epizonal intrusive body. The data reveal...
Tuberculosis
Milton Friend
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Avian tuberculosis is usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium. At least 20 different types of M. avium have been identified, only three of which are known to cause disease in birds. Other types of Mycobacterium rarely cause tuberculosis in most avian species; however, parrots, macaws, and other large perching...
Mycotoxins
Lynn H. Creekmore
1999, Report, Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds
Mycotoxins are toxins produced by molds (fungi) that, when they are ingested, can cause diseases called mycotoxicosis. These diseases are are not infectious. The effects on the animal are caused by fungal toxins in foods ingested, usually grains, and are not caused by infection with the fungus. Many different molds...
Responsiveness of gill Na+/K+-ATPase to cortisol is related to gill corticosteroid receptor concentrations in juvenile rainbow trout
J. M. Shrimpton, S. D. McCormick
1999, Journal of Experimental Biology (202) 987-995
A positive relationship between receptor concentration and tissue responsiveness is an often-assumed and rarely tested principle in endocrinology. In salmonids, seasonal changes in levels of plasma cortisol and gill corticosteroid receptors (CRs) during the spring indicate a potential role for this hormone in the parr–smolt transformation. It is not known...
Exotic plant species invade hot spots of native plant diversity
T.J. Stohlgren, Dan Binkley, G.W. Chong, M. A. Kalkhan, L. D. Schell, K.A. Bull, Yuka Otsuki, G. Newman, Michael A. Bashkin, Y. Son
1999, Ecological Monographs (69) 25-46
Some theories and experimental studies suggest that areas of low plant species richness may be invaded more easily than areas of high plant species richness. We gathered nested-scale vegetation data on plant species richness, foliar cover, and frequency from 200 1-m2 subplots (20 1000-m2 modified-Whittaker plots) in the Colorado Rockies...
Antibodies against Pasteurella multocida in snow geese in the western arctic
M.D. Samuel, D.J. Shadduck, Diana R. Goldberg, V. Baranyuk, L. Sileo, J.I. Price
1999, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (35) 440-449
To determine if lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) are a potential reservoir for the Pasteurella multocida bacterium that causes avian cholera, serum samples and/or pharyngeal swabs were collected from > 3,400 adult geese breeding on Wrangel Island (Russia) and Banks Island (Canada) during 1993-1996. Pharyngeal swab sampling rarely (>...
Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Western Meadowlark
Jill A. Dechant, Marriah L. Sondreal, Douglas H. Johnson, Lawrence D. Igl, Christopher M. Goldade, Amy L. Zimmerman, Betty R. Euliss
1999, Report, Effects of management practices on grassland birds
Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds...
Multiple stresses from a single agent: Diverse responses to the experimental acidification of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin
T.M. Frost, P.K. Montz, T.K. Kratz, T. Badillo, P.L. Brezonik, M.J. Gonzalez, R.G. Rada, C.J. Watras, K.E. Webster, J.G. Wiener, C.E. Williamson, D.P. Morris
1999, Limnology and Oceanography (44) 784-794
A single stress, acidification with sulfuric acid, was applied to Little Rack Lake in a whole-ecosystem manipulation. We documented a wide range of responses to the acidification, including increases in the concentrations of various chemicals, shifts in microbial processes and a major increase in water clarity to UV-B radiation. Each...
