Imaging observations of thermal emissions from Augustine Volcano using a small astronomical camera: Chapter 24 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Davis D. Sentman, Stephen R. McNutt, Hans C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, Guy Tytgat, Nicole DeRoin
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-24
Long-exposure visible-light images of Augustine Volcano were obtained using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera during several nights of the 2006 eruption. The camera was located 105 km away, at Homer, Alaska, yet showed persistent bright emissions from the north flank of the volcano corresponding to steam releases, pyroclastic flows, and...
Timing, distribution, and character of tephra fall from the 2005-2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chaper 9 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano
Kristi L. Wallace, Christina A. Neal, Robert G. McGimsey
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-9
The 2005–6 eruption of Augustine Volcano produced tephra-fall deposits during each of four eruptive phases. Late in the precursory phase (December 2005), small phreatic explosions produced small-volume, localized, mostly nonjuvenile tephra. The greatest volume of tephra was produced during the explosive phase (January 11–28, 2006) when 13 discrete Vulcanian explosions...
Volcanic-ash dispersion modeling of the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano using the Puff model: Chapter 21 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Peter W. Webley, Kenneson G. Dean, Jonathan Dehn Dehn Dehn, John E. Bailey, Rorik Peterson
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-21
Volcanic ash is one of the major potential hazards from volcanic eruptions. It can have both short-range effects from proximal ashfall and long range impacts from volcanic ash clouds. The timely tracking and understanding of recently emitted volcanic ash clouds is important, because they can cause severe damage to jet...
Augustine Volcano - The influence of volatile components in magmas erupted A.D. 2006 to 2,100 years before present: Chapter 16 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
James D. Webster, Charlie Mandeville, Beth Goldoff, Michelle L. Coombs, Christine Tappen
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-16
The petrology and geochemistry of 2006 eruptive products of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, have been investigated through analyses of whole-rock samples, phenocrysts, silicate melt inclusions, and matrix glasses to constrain processes of magma evolution, eruption, and degassing. Particular attention was directed toward the concentrations and geochemical relationships involving the magmatic volatile...
Ejecta and landslides from Augustine Volcano before 2006: Chapter 13 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Richard B. Waitt
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-13
A late Wisconsin volcano erupted onto the JurassicCretaceous sedimentary bedrock of Augustine Island in lower Cook Inlet in Alaska. Olivine basalt interacting with water erupted explosively. Rhyolitic eruptive debris then swept down the south volcano flank while late Wisconsin glaciers from mountains on western mainland surrounded the island. Early to...
Integrated satellite observations of the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 20 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
John E. Bailey, Kenneson G. Dean, Jonathan Dehn, Peter W. Webley
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-20
Satellite observations played an important role in monitoring the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano. It represented the first opportunity for observers to use, in an operational setting, new Web-based tools and techniques developed by the Alaska Volcano Observatory remote sensing group. The 'Okmok Algorithm' was used to analyze thermal infrared...
Pyroclastic flows, lahars, and mixed avalanches generated during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 10 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
James W. Vallance, Katharine F. Bull, Michelle L. Coombs
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-10
Each of the three phases of the 2006 eruption at Augustine Volcano had a distinctive eruptive style and flowage deposits. From January 11 to 28, the explosive phase comprised short vulcanian eruptions that punctuated dome growth and produced volcanowide pyroclastic flows and more energetic hot currents whose mobility was influenced...
Petrology and geochemistry of the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 15 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Jessica F. Larsen, Christopher J. Nye, Michelle L. Coombs, Mariah Tilman, Pavel Izbekov, Cheryl Cameron
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-15
Deposits from the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, record a complex history of magma mixing before and during the eruption. The eruption produced five major lithologies: low-silica andesite scoria (LSAS; 56.5 to 58.7 weight percent SiO2), mostly during the initial explosive phase; high-silica andesite pumice (HSA; 62.2 to 63.3...
The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano - Combined analyses of thermal satellite data and reduced displacement: Chapter 23 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Saskia M. van Manen, Jonathan Dehn, Michael E. West, Stephen Blake, David A. Rothery
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-23
Augustine Volcano erupted explosively after 20 years of quiescence on January 11, 2006, followed by approximately 2 months of dome building and lava extrusion. This is the best monitored eruption in Alaska to date; the diverse complementary datasets gathered enable an interdisciplinary interpretation of volcanic activity. An analysis of reduced...
Preliminary slope-stability analysis of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 14 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Mark E. Reid, Dianne L. Brien, Christopher F. Waythomas
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-14
Augustine Volcano has been a prolific producer of large debris avalanches during the Holocene. Originating as landslides from the steep upper edifice, these avalanches typically slide into the surrounding ocean. At least one debris avalanche that occurred in 1883 during an eruption initiated a far-traveled tsunami. The possible occurrence of...
Surface deformation of Augustine Volcano, 1992-2005, from multiple-interferogram processing using a refined Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) approach: Chapter 18 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Chang-Wook Lee, Zhong Lu, Hyung-Sup Jung, Joong-Sun Won, Daniel Dzurisin
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-18
Augustine Volcano is an active stratovolcano located in southwestern Cook Inlet, about 280 kilometers southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. The volcano produced six significant explosive eruptions between 1812 and 1986. Augustine eruptions typically have an explosive onset followed by dome building. The most recent eruption began on January 11, 2006. We...
Remote telemetered and time-lapse cameras at Augustine Volcano: Chapter 12 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
John Paskievitch, Cyrus Read, Thomas Parker
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-12
Before and during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) installed a network of telemetered and nontelemetered cameras in Homer, Alaska, and on Augustine Island. On December 1, 2005, a network camera was installed at the Homer Field Station, a University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute...
Emission of SO2, CO2, and H2S from Augustine Volcano, 2002-2008: Chapter 26 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Kenneth A. McGee, Michael P. Doukas, Robert G. McGimsey, Christina A. Neal, Rick L. Wessels
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-26
Airborne surveillance of gas emissions from Augustine Volcano and other Cook Inlet volcanoes began in 1990 to identify baseline emission levels during noneruptive conditions. Gas measurements at Augustine for SO2, CO2, and H2S showed essentially no evidence of anomalous degassing through spring 2005. Neither did a measurement on May 10,...
Geodetic constraints on magma movement and withdrawal during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 17 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Peter F. Cervelli, Thomas J. Fournier, Jeff T. Freymueller, John A. Power, Michael Lisowski, Benjamin A. Pauk
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-17
For the first time in the United States, a modern geodetic network of continuously recording Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers has measured a complete eruption cycle at a stratovolcano, Augustine Volcano in Alaska, from the earliest precursory unrest through the return to background quiescence. The on-island network consisted of five...
Re-analysis of Alaskan benchmark glacier mass-balance data using the index method
Ashely E. Van Beusekom, Shad R. O’Nell, Rod S. March, Louis C. Sass, Leif H. Cox
2010, Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5247
At Gulkana and Wolverine Glaciers, designated the Alaskan benchmark glaciers, we re-analyzed and re-computed the mass balance time series from 1966 to 2009 to accomplish our goal of making more robust time series. Each glacier's data record was analyzed with the same methods. For surface processes, we estimated missing information...
The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769
Augustine Volcano, the most historically active volcano in Alaska’s Cook Inlet region, again showed signs of life in April 2005. Escalating seismic unrest, ground deformation, and gas emissions culminated in an eruption from January 11 to mid-March of 2006, the fifth major eruption in 75 years. The eruption began with...
Seismic observations of Augustine Volcano, 1970-2007
John A. Power, Douglas J. Lalla
Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-1
Seismicity at Augustine Volcano in south-central Alaska was monitored continuously between 1970 and 2007. Seismic instrumentation on the volcano has varied from one to two short-period instruments in the early 1970s to a complex network comprising 8 to 10 short-period, 6 broadband, and 1 strong-motion instrument in 2006. Since seismic...
Using seismic b-values to interpret seismicity rates and physical processes during the preeruptive earthquake swarm at Augustine Volcano 2005-2006: Chapter 3 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Katrina M. Jacobs, Stephen R. McNutt
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-3
We use seismic b-values to explore physical processes during the Augustine Volcano 2005–6 preeruptive earthquake swarm. The preeruptive earthquake swarm was divided into two parts: the “long swarm,” which extended from April 30, 2005, to January 10, 2006; and the "short swarm," which started 13 hours before the onset of...
Earthquake waveform similarity and evolution at Augustine Volcano from 1993 to 2006: Chapter 5 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Heather R. DeShon, Clifford H. Thurber, John A. Power
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-5
Temporal changes in waveform characteristics and earthquake locations associated with the 2006 Augustine eruption and preeruptive seismicity provide constraints on eruptive processes within the edifice. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes occur within the upper 1 to 2 km at Augustine between and during eruptive cycles, and we use the Alaska Volcano Observatory hypocenter...
A two-step procedure for calculating earthquake hypocenters at Augustine Volcano: Chapter 7 in The 2006 Eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Douglas J. Lalla, John A. Power
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-7
This chapter describes a two-step technique for determining earthquake hypocenters at Augustine Volcano. The algorithm, which was originally developed in the mid-1970s, was designed both to overcome limitations in the standard earthquake-location programs available at the time and to take advantage of the detailed seismic-velocity information obtained at Augustine Volcano....
Seismic precursors to volcanic explosions during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 2 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Helena Buurman, Michael E. West
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-2
The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, generated more than 3,500 earthquakes in a month-long time frame bracketing the most explosive period of activity. We examine two quantitative tools that, in retrospective analysis, were excellent indicators of imminent eruption. The first tool, referred to as the frequency index (FI), is...
Distal volcano-tectonic seismicity near Augustine Volcano: Chapter 6 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Michael A. Fisher, Natalia A. Ruppert, Randall A. White, Ray W. Sliter, Florence L. Wong
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-6
Clustered earthquakes located 25 km northeast of Augustine Volcano occurred more frequently beginning about 8 months before the volcano’s explosive eruption in 2006. This increase in distal seismicity was contemporaneous with an increase in seismicity directly below the volcano’s vent. Furthermore, the distal seismicity intensified penecontemporaneously with signals in geodetic...
A parametric study of the January 2006 explosive eruptions of Augustine Volcano, using seismic, infrasonic, and lightning data: Chapter 4 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Stephen R. McNutt, Guy Tytgat, Steven A. Estes, Scott D. Stihler
John A. Power, Michelle L. Coombs, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, editor(s)
2010, Professional Paper 1769-4
A series of 13 explosive eruptions occurred at Augustine Volcano, Alaska, from January 11–28, 2006. Each lasted 2.5 to 19 minutes and produced ash columns 3.8 to 13.5 km above mean sea level. We investigated various parameters to determine systematic trends, including durations, seismic amplitudes, frequency contents, signal characteristics, peak...
Framework for ecological monitoring on lands of Alaska National Wildlife Refuges and their partners
Andrea Woodward, Erik A. Beever
2010, Open-File Report 2010-1300
National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska and throughout the U.S. have begun developing a spatially comprehensive monitoring program to inform management decisions, and to provide data to broader research projects. In an era of unprecedented rates of climate change, monitoring is essential to detecting, understanding, communicating and mitigating climate-change effects on...
Seasonal ice and hydrologic controls on dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations in a boreal-rich fen
Evan S. Kane, Merritt R. Turetsky, Jennifer W. Harden, A. David McGuire, James Michael Waddington
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (115)
[1] Boreal wetland carbon cycling is vulnerable to climate change in part because hydrology and the extent of frozen ground have strong influences on plant and microbial functions. We examined the response of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) across an experimental manipulation of water table position...
