Relationship between deer mouse population parameters and dieldrin contamination in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge
D.L. Allen, David L. Otis
1998, Canadian Journal of Zoology (76) 243-250
A small-mammal capture-recapture study was conducted in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge to quantify the effects of soil contamination with dieldrin on demographic parameters of deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) populations. Increased dieldrin concentrations were significantly associated with larger deer mouse populations, although the size of populations on contaminated...
Hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation between brucite and aqueous NaCl solutions from 250 to 450°C
Peter J. Saccocia, Jeffrey S. Seewald, Wayne C. Shanks III
1998, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (62) 485-492
Hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation factors between brucite and aqueous NaCl solutions (1000lnαbr-sw) have been calibrated by experiment from 250 to 450°C at 0.5 Kb. For D/H fractionation, 1000lnα br-sw values are as follows: −32 ± 6‰ (250°C, 3.2 wt% NaCl), −21 ± 2‰ (350°C, 10.0 wt% NaCl), and −22 ± 2‰...
Black shale source rocks and oil generation in the Cambrian and Ordovician of the central Appalachian Basin, USA
Robert T. Ryder, Robert C Burruss, Joseph R. Hatch
1998, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (82) 412-441
Nearly 600 million bbl of oil (MMBO) and 1 to 1.5 trillion ft3 (tcf) of gas have been produced from Cambrian and Ordovician reservoirs (carbonate and sandstone) in the Ohio part of the Appalachian basin and on adjoining arches in Ohio, Indiana, and Ontario, Canada. Most of the oil and gas...
Deviations from sorption linearity on soils of polar and nonpolar organic compounds at low relative concentrations
C. T. Chiou, D. E. Kile
1998, Environmental Science & Technology (32) 338-343
A series of single-solute and binary-solute sorption data have been obtained on representative samples of polar compounds (substituted ureas and phenolic compounds) and of nonpolar compounds (e.g., EDB and TCE) on a peat soil and a mineral (Woodburn) soil; the data extend to low relative solute concentrations (C(e)/S(w)). At relatively...
Evidence for pressure-release melting beneath magmatic arcs from basalt at Galunggung, Indonesia
T. W. Sisson, S. Bronto
1998, Nature (391) 883-886
The melting of peridotite in the mantle wedge above subduction zones is generally believed to involve hydrous fluids derived from the subducting slab. But if mantle peridotite is upwelling within the wedge, melting due to pressure release could also contribute to magma production. Here we present measurements of the volatile...
Status and trends of the ashy storm-petrel on Southeast Farallon Island, California, based upon capture-recapture analyses
W.J. Sydeman, N. Nur, E.B. Mclaren, G.J. McChesney
1998, Condor (100) 438-447
We conducted a capture-recapture study on the population size and trends of the Ashy Storm-petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa) on Southeast Farallon Island (SEFI), California, based upon data collected in 1971, 1972, and 1992. From March through August, birds were lured to fixed-site sampling locations using taped vocalization playback. Using program...
Near-surface structural model for deformation associated with the February 7, 1812, New Madrid, Missouri, earthquake
J. K. Odum, W. J. Stephenson, K. M. Shedlock, T. L. Pratt
1998, Geological Society of America Bulletin (110) 149-162
The February 7, 1812, New Madrid, Missouri, earthquake (M [moment magnitude] 8) was the third and final large-magnitude event to rock the northern Mississippi Embayment during the winter of 1811–1812. Although ground shaking was so strong that it rang church bells, stopped clocks,...
Nonlethal evaluation of the physiological health of unionid mussels: Method for biopsy and glycogen analysis
T.J. Naimo, E.D. Damschen, R.G. Rada, E.M. Monroe
1998, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (17) 121-128
In long-lived unionid mussels, many short-term measures of growth are of limited value. Changes in physiological condition may be an early indication of stress, because the increased energy demand associated with stress often results in a depletion of glycogen reserves, the principal...
Glacioisostasy and Lake-Level Change at Moosehead Lake, Maine
G. Balco, D. F. Belknap, J. T. Kelley
1998, Quaternary Research (49) 157-170
Reconstructions of glacioisostatic rebound based on relative sea level in Maine and adjacent Canada do not agree well with existing geophysical models. In order to understand these discrepancies better, we investigated the lake-level history of 40-km-long Moosehead Lake in northwestern Maine. Glacioisostasy has affected the level of Moosehead Lake since...
Geological evidence for solid-state convection in Europa's ice shell
R.T. Pappalardo, J.W. Head, R. Greeley, R.J. Sullivan, C. Pilcher, G. Schubert, W.B. Moore, M. H. Carr, Johnnie N. Moore, M. J. S. Belton, D.L. Goldsby
1998, Nature (391) 365-368
The ice-rich surface of the jovian satellite Europa is sparsely cratered, suggesting that this moon might be geologically active today. Moreover, models of the satellite's interior indicate that tidal interactions with Jupiter might produce enough heat to maintain a subsurface liquid water layer. But the mechanisms of interior heat loss...
Evidence for a subsurface ocean on Europa
M. H. Carr, M. J. S. Belton, C. R. Chapman, M. E. Davies, P. Geissler, R. Greenberg, A. S. McEwen, B.R. Tufts, R. Greeley, R. Sullivan, J.W. Head, R.T. Pappalardo, K.P. Klaasen, T. V. Johnson, J. Kaufman, D. Senske, Jeff Moore, G. Neukum, G. Schubert, J.A. Burns, P. Thomas, J. Veverka
1998, Nature (391) 363-365
Ground-based spectroscopy of Jupiter's moon Europa, combined with gravity data, suggests that the satellite has an icy crust roughly 150 km thick and a rocky interior. In addition, images obtained by the Voyager spacecraft revealed that Europa's surface is crossed by numerous intersecting ridges and dark bands (called lineae) and...
Structural and kinematic evolution of the Yukon-Tanana upland tectonites, east-central Alaska: A record of late Paleozoic to Mesozoic crustal assembly
V. L. Hansen, Cynthia Dusel-Bacon
1998, Geological Society of America Bulletin (110) 211-230
The Yukon-Tanana terrane, the largest tectonostratigraphic terrane in the northern North American Cordillera, is polygenetic and not a single terrane. Lineated and foliated (L-S) tectonites, which characterize the Yukon-Tanana terrane, record multiple deformations and formed at different times. We document the polyphase history recorded by L-S tectonites within the Yukon-Tanana...
Stratigraphy and structure of coalbed methane reservoirs in the United States: an overview
J.C. Pashin
1998, International Journal of Coal Geology (35) 209-240
Stratigraphy and geologic structure determine the shape, continuity and permeability of coal and are therefore critical considerations for designing exploration and production strategies for coalbed methane. Coal in the United states is dominantly of Pennsylvanian, Cretaceous and Tertiary age, and to date, more than 90% of the coalbed methane produced...
Displacement field for an edge dislocation in a layered half-space
J.C. Savage
1998, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (103) 2439-2446
The displacement field for an edge dislocation in an Earth model consisting of a layer welded to a half-space of different material is found in the form of a Fourier integral following the method given by Weeks et al. [1968]. There are four elementary solutions to be considered: the dislocation is either...
Viewpoint: Sustainability of piñon-juniper ecosystems - A unifying perspective of soil erosion thresholds
David W. Davenport, D.D. Breshears, B.P. Wilcox, Craig D. Allen
1998, Journal of Range Management (51) 231-240
Many pinon-juniper ecosystem in the western U.S. are subject to accelerated erosion while others are undergoing little or no erosion. Controversy has developed over whether invading or encroaching pinon and juniper species are inherently harmful to rangeland ecosystems. We developed a conceptual model of soil erosion in pinon-jumper ecosystems that...
Earthquake triggering by transient and static deformations
J. Gomberg, N.M. Beeler, M.L. Blanpied, P. Bodin
1998, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (103) 24411-24426
Observational evidence for both static and transient near-field and far-field triggered seismicity are explained in terms of a frictional instability model, based on a single degree of freedom spring-slider system and rate- and state-dependent frictional constitutive equations. In this study a triggered earthquake is one whose failure time has been...
Energy resources - cornucopia or empty barrel?
P.J. McCabe
1998, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (82) 2110-2134
Over the last 25 yr, considerable debate has continued about the future supply of fossil fuel. On one side are those who believe we are rapidly depleting resources and that the resulting shortages will have a profound impact on society. On the other side are those who see no impending...
Urinary 3-methylhistidine and progressive winter undernutrition in white-tailed deer
G. D. DelGiudice, K.D. Kerr, L.D. Mech, M.R. Riggs, U.S. Seal
1998, Canadian Journal of Zoology (76) 2090-2095
Physiological indicators of muscle catabolism would aid assessment of winter nutritional restriction of ungulates, and urinary 3-methylhistidine has exhibited potential in this regard in several species. We examined the effect of chronic moderate and severe nutritional restriction during winter on urinary 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratios in seven adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)...
Changes in the isotopic and chemical composition of ground water resulting from a recharge pulse from a sinking stream
B. G. Katz, J.S. Catches, T.D. Bullen, R. L. Michel
1998, Journal of Hydrology (211) 178-207
The Little River, an ephemeral stream that drains a watershed of approximately 88 km2 in northern Florida, disappears into a series of sinkholes along the Cody Scarp and flows directly into the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer, the source of water supply in northern Florida. The changes in the geochemistry of...
Using safety inspection data to estimate shaking intensity for the 1994 Northridge earthquake
K. Thywissen, J. Boatwright
1998, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (88) 1243-1253
We map the shaking intensity suffered in Los Angeles County during the 17 January 1994, Northridge earthquake using municipal safety inspection data. The intensity is estimated from the number of buildings given red, yellow, or green tags, aggregated by census tract. Census tracts...
On the influence of biomass burning on the seasonal CO2 signal as observed at monitoring stations
U. Wittenberg, Martin Heimann, G. Esse, A. D. McGuire, W. Sauf
1998, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (12) 531-544
We investigated the role of biomass burning in simulating the seasonal signal in both prognostic and diagnostic analyses. The prognostic analysis involved the High-Resolution Biosphere Model, a prognostic terrestrial biosphere model, and the coupled vegetation fire module, which together produce a prognostic data set of biomass burning. The diagnostic analysis...
Evaluating the source and residence times of groundwater seepage to streams, New Jersey Coastal Plain
E. Modica, H. T. Buxton, Niel Plummer
1998, Water Resources Research (34) 2797-2810
A conceptual model of the patterns and residence times of groundwater seepage to gaining streams indicates that groundwater seepage originates from sources that are both near and far from the stream. Consequently, the age of groundwater seepage across a stream-channel transect increases from its banks to its center and becomes...
Meteoric sphaerosiderite lines and their use for paleohydrology and paleoclimatology
Greg A. Ludvigson, Luis A. Gonzalez, R.A. Metzger, B.J. Witzke, Richard L. Brenner, A.P. Murillo, T. S. White
1998, Geology (26) 1039-1042
Sphaerosiderite, a morphologically distinct millimeter-scale spherulitic siderite (FeCO3), forms predominantly in wetland soils and sediments, and is common in the geologic record. Ancient sphaerosiderites are found in paleosol horizons within coal-bearing stratigraphic intervals and, like their modern counterparts, are interpreted as having formed...
Improving a complex finite-difference ground water flow model through the use of an analytic element screening model
R. J. Hunt, Marilyn P. Anderson, V. A. Kelson
1998, Groundwater (36) 1011-1017
This paper demonstrates that analytic element models have potential as powerful screening tools that can facilitate or improve calibration of more complicated finite-difference and finite-element models. We demonstrate how a two-dimensional analytic element model was used to identify errors in a complex three-dimensional finite-difference model...
A refined succession of Changhsingian and Griesbachian neogondolellid conodonts from the Meishan section, candidate of the global stratotype section and point of the Permian-Triassic boundary
S. Mei, K. Zhang, B. R. Wardlaw
1998, Conference Paper, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
A detailed study of new conodont collections from the Changxing Formation at the Meishan section has resulted in taxonomic refinement of several important neogondolellid species. Most of the previously erected species are much more strictly redefined, mainly based on the denticulation of the holotypes, and the stratigraphic ranges attributed to...
