Sea level change: lessons from the geologic record
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1995, Fact Sheet 117-95
Rising sea level is potentially one of the most serious impacts of climatic change. Even a small sea level rise would have serious economic consequences because it would cause extensive damage to the world's coastal regions. Sea level can rise in the future because the ocean surface can expand due...
Catalogue of U.S. Geological Survey strong-motion records, 1993
J. C. Switzer (compiler), R. L. Porcella
1995, Circular 1121
This report presents accelerogram data of strong ground motion and the response of representative engineered structures during moderate to large earthquakes recorded during 1993....
The M2 tide on the Amazon Shelf
R.C. Beardsley, J.L. Candela, R. Limeburner, W. Rockwell Geyer, Steven J. Lentz, Belmiro M. Castro, D.A. Cacchione, Nelson Carneiro
1995, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (100) 2283-2319
As part of A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf Sediment Study (AMASSEDS), moored and shipboard current measurements made over the Amazon shelf during 1990–1991 have been analyzed to determine the dominant semidiurnal tidal constituent, the M2. These results have been combined with coastal sea level data from within the Amazon and Para...
Large-scale atmospheric forcing of recent trends toward early snowmelt runoff in California
Michael D. Dettinger, Daniel R. Cayan
1995, Journal of Climate (8) 606-623
Since the late 1940s, snowmelt and runoff have come increasingly early in the water year in many basins in northern and central California. This subtle trend is most pronounced in moderate-altitude basins, which are sensitive to changes in mean winter temperatures. Such basins have broad areas in which winter temperatures...
Use of modern infrared thermography for wildlife population surveys
D.L. Garner, H.B. Underwood, W.F. Porter
1995, Environmental Management (19) 233-238
A commercially available thermal-infrared scanning system was used to survey populations of several wildlife species. The system's ability to detect species of different sizes in varying habitats relative to conventional survey methods, to differentiate between species in the same habitat, and the influence of environmental factors on operational aspects of...
Origin and diagenesis of K/T impact spherules - from Haiti to Wyoming and beyond
B.F. Bohor, B.P. Glass
1995, Meteoritics (30) 182-198
Impact spherules in Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary clays and claystones consist of two types; each type is confined to its own separate layer of the boundary couplet in the Western Hemisphere. The form and composition of each of the spherule types result from its own unique mode of origin during the...
Geophysical setting of the Reelfoot Rift and relations between rift structures and the New Madrid seismic zone
T.G. Hildenbrand, J. D. Hendricks
1995, Professional Paper 1538-E
In the winter of 1811-12, three of the largest historic earthquakes in the United States occurred near New Madrid, Missouri. Seismicity continues to the present day throughout a tightly clustered pattern of epicenters centered on the bootheel of Missouri, including parts of northeastern Arkansas, northwestern Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern...
Groundwater transport of crater-lake brine at Poa´s Volcano, Costa Rica
Ward E. Sanford, Leonard F. Konikow, Gary L. Rowe Jr., Susan L. Brantley
1995, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (64) 269-293
Poa´s Volcano is an active stratovolcano in Costa Rica that has a lake in its active crater. The crater lake has high temperatures (50–90 °C), high acidity (pH ≈ 0.0), and a high dissolved-solids content (100 g/kg). The volcano has numerous freshwater springs on its flanks, but a few on...
Shear-wave splitting from local earthquakes at the Geysers Geothermal Field, California
John R. Evans, Bruce R. Julian, G.R. Foulger, Alwyn Ross
1995, Geophysical Research Letters (22) 501-504
Shear-wave splitting from local microearth-quakes recorded in The Geysers geothermal field shows that seismic anisotropy is distributed in a complex geographic pattern. At stations within about 2 km of northwest-striking regional faults, the fast polarization direction is parallel to those faults. The geothermal field, lying between two such faults, has...
Stratigraphic and structural synthesis of a Miocene extensional terrane, southeast California and west-central Arizona
Jane E. Nielson, Kathi K. Beratan
1995, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America (107) 241-252
Detailed stratigraphy and isotopic dating of stratigraphic sections in the Colorado River extensional corridor support a regional correlation of highly faulted Tertiary stratigraphic sequences and provide a chronologic framework for interpreting the evolution of low-angle normal (detachment) faults. On the basis of this correlation, we define six tilting domains in...
An updated model of induced airflow in the unsaturated zone
Arthur L. Baehr, Craig J. Joss
1995, Water Resources Research (31) 417-421
Simulation of induced movement of air in the unsaturated zone provides a method to determine permeability and to design vapor extraction remediation systems. A previously published solution to the airflow equation for the case in which the unsaturated zone is separated from the atmosphere by a layer of lower permeability...
Modeling the effects of variable groundwater chemistry on adsorption of molybdate
Kenneth G. Stollenwerk
1995, Water Resources Research (31) 347-357
Laboratory experiments were used to identify and quantify processes having a significant effect on molybdate (MoO42−) adsorption in a shallow alluvial aquifer on Cape Cod, assachusetts. Aqueous chemistry in the aquifer changes as a result of treated sewage effluent mixing with groundwater. Molybdate adsorption decreased as pH, ionic strength, and the...
Intraglacial volcanism in the Wells Gray–Clearwater volcanic field, east-central British Columbia, Canada
C.J. Hickson, James G. Moore, L. Calk, P. Metcalfe
1995, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (32) 838-851
Small-volume, subaerial, subaqueous and subglacial basaltic eruptions occurred in the Wells Gray–Clearwater area during Quaternary time. Part of this time, significant thicknesses of glacial ice were present. Dating of intraglacial volcanic features corroborates other evidence of an Early Pleistocene, Cordilleran-wide ice sheet. Of the intraglacial volcanoes investigated, three were studied...
Petrology of Submarine Lavas from Kilauea's Puna Ridge, Hawaii
D. A. Clague, James G. Moore, J.E. Dixon, W.B. Friesen
1995, Journal of Petrology (36) 299-349
We have studied 30 quenched tholeiitic lava flows recovered by 20 dredge hauls and one submersible dive along Puna Ridge, the submarine part of the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Glass grains from numerous additional flows were recovered in turbidite sands cored in the Hawaiian Trough. These quenched...
Frequency-moment distribution of deep earthquakes; Implications for the seismogenic zone at the bottom of slabs
E.A. Okal, Stephen H. Kirby
1995, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (92) 169-187
We present a systematic investigation of the variation with depth of the frequency of earthquake occurrence vs. seismic moment based on 16 years of Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) solutions. We analyze depth variations of earthquake size distribution in terms of variations in the absolute value of the slope of...
Earthquakes in the Los Angeles metropolitan region: A possible fractal distribution of rupture size
S. E. Hough
1995, Science (267) 211-213
Although there is debate on the maximum size of earthquake that is possible on any of several known fault systems in the greater Los Angeles metropolitan region, it is reasonable to assume that the distribution of earthquakes will follow a fractal distribution of rupture areas. For this assumption and an...
Response of high-rise and base-isolated buildings to a hypothetical M w 7.0 blind thrust earthquake
T. H. Heaton, J. F. Hall, D.J. Wald, M.W. Halling
1995, Science (267) 206-211
High-rise flexible-frame buildings are commonly considered to be resistant to shaking from the largest earthquakes. In addition, base isolation has become increasingly popular for critical buildings that should still function after an earthquake. How will these two types of buildings perform if a large earthquake occurs beneath a metropolitan area?...
Metamorphic and structural history of continental crust at a Mesozoic collisional margin, the Ruby terrane, central Alaska
S. M. Roeske, Cynthia Dusel-Bacon, John N. Aleinikoff, L.W. Snee, Marvin A. Lanphere
1995, Journal of Metamorphic Geology (13) 25-40
The Ruby terrane is an elongate fragment of continental crustal rocks that is structurally overlain by thrust slices of oceanic crust. Our results from the Kokrines Hills, in the south‐central part of the Ruby terrane, demonstrate that the low‐angle schistose fabric formed under high‐P/low‐T conditions, at peak conditions of 10.8‐13.2 kbar...
Topography of closed depressions, scarps, and grabens in the North Tharsis region of Mars: implications for shallow crustal discontinuities and graben formation
Philip A. Davis, Kenneth L. Tanaka, Matthew P. Golombek
1995, Icarus (114) 403-422
Using Viking Orbiter images, detailed photoclinometric profiles were obtained across 10 irregular depressions, 32 fretted fractures, 49 troughs and pits, 124 solitary scarps, and 370 simple grabens in the north Tharsis region of Mars. These data allow inferences to be made on the shallow crustal structure of this region. The...
Overview of the influence of syn-sedimentary tectonics and palaeo-fluvial systems on coal seam and sand body characteristics in the Westphalian C strata, Campine Basin, Belgium
Roland Dreesen, Dominique Bossiroy, Michiel Dusar, R. M. Flores, Paul Verkaeren
M. K. G. Whateley, D.A. Spears, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, European coal geology
The Westphalian C strata found in the northeastern part of the former Belgian coal district (Campine Basin), which is part of an extensive northwest European paralic coal basin, are considered. The thickness and lateral continuity of the Westphalian C coal seams vary considerably stratigraphically and areally. Sedimentological facies analysis of...
Estimation of rod scale errors in geodetic leveling
Michael R. Craymer, Petr Vaníček, Robert O. Castle
1995, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (100) 15129-15145
Comparisons among repeated geodetic levelings have often been used for detecting and estimating residual rod scale errors in leveled heights. Individual rod-pair scale errors are estimated by a two-step procedure using a model based on either differences in heights, differences in section height differences, or differences in section tilts. It...
Outwash plains and thermokarst on Mars
F.M. Costard, J.S. Kargel
1995, Icarus (114) 93-112
The spatial distribution of different types of rampart craters on Mars suggests a hemispheric asymmetry in the distribution of ground ice. The northern plains, especially major topographic depressions near the terminations of outflow channels, have high percentages of rampart craters. Two of these basins, Acidalia and Utopia Planitiae, received extraordinarily...
Plutonism at the interior margin of the Jurassic magmatic arc, Mojave Desert, California
Miquette E. Gerber, Calvin F. Miller, Joseph L. Wooden
David M. Miller, Cathy Busby, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera
The inland edge of the Jurassic magmatic belt passes through the eastern Mojave Desert, where it was emplaced in ancient continental crust. Three intrusive units exposed there—the Ship and Clipper Mountains plutons and a dike swarm in the Old Woman and Piute Mountains and Kilbeck Hills—are broadly similar to each...
Demography of birds in a neotropical forest: Effects of allometry, taxonomy, and ecology
J. D. Brawn, James R. Karr, James D. Nichols
1995, Ecology (76) 41-51
Comparative demographic studies of terrestrial vertebrates have included few samples of species from tropical forests. We analyzed 9 yr of mark—recapture data and estimated demographic parameters for 25 species of birds inhabiting lowland forests in central Panama. These species were all songbirds (Order Passeriformes) ranging in mass from 7 to...
Geology of Triton
S.K. Croft, J.S. Kargel, Randolph L. Kirk, J. M. Moore, P.M. Schenk, R.G. Strom
Dale P. Cruikshank, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Neptune and Triton
Triton, with a diameter of ≡2700 km, is Neptune's only planet-class satellite. The complexity of Triton's surface and the variety of surface features is unequaled among the satellites of the solar system. From a geologic viewpoint, some of Triton's features have apparently familiar morphologies and general interpretative agreement exists. However,...
