Algorithm for resistance to flow and transport in sand-bed channels
J. P. Bennett
1995, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (121) 578-590
An algorithm is developed that relates depth to discharge and determines bed- and suspended-load transport for the entire range of bed forms found in sand-bed channels; equilibrium-state geometry of lower flow regime bedforms is also predicted. A Meyer-Peter-type formulation is used to compute sand transport in the bed-load layer and...
Measurements of velocity and discharge, Grand Canyon, Arizona, May 1994
Kevin A. Oberg, Gregory G. Fisk
Espey William H.Combs Phil G., editor(s)
1995, Conference Paper, International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) evaluated the feasibility of utilizing an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to collect velocity and discharge data in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, in May 1994. An ADCP is an instrument that can be used to measure water velocity and discharge from a...
GIS for mapping waterfowl density and distribution from aerial surveys
W.I. Butler, R.A. Stehn, G.R. Balogh
1995, Wildlife Society Bulletin (23) 140-147
We modified standard aerial survey data collection to obtain the geographic location for each waterfowl observation on surveys in Alaska during 1987-1993. Using transect navigation with CPS (global positioning system), data recording on continuously running tapes, and a computer data input program, we located observations with an average deviation along...
Captive propagation, introduction, and translocation programs for wildlife vertebrates
F. Joshua Dein, Kathryn A. Converse, Christy Wolf
Edward T. LaRoe, Gaye S. Farris, Catherine E. Puckett, Peter D. Doran, Michael J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
Captive propagation, introduction, and translocation (relocation) programs for many animals have been undertaken by federal, state, and private agencies for more than 20 years. These programs help aid the recovery of endangered and threatened species, reestablish lost species, augment declining populations, increase recreational opportunities, reduce nuisance species, and introduce non-native...
Using effort information with change-in-ratio data for population estimation
Mark S. Udevitz, Kenneth H. Pollock
1995, Biometrics (51) 471-481
Most change-in-ratio (CIR) methods for estimating fish and wildlife population sizes have been based only on assumptions about how encounter probabilities vary among population subclasses. When information on sampling effort is available, it is also possible to derive CIR estimators based on assumptions about how encounter probabilities vary over time....
Acidic deposition ("acid rain")
R. Kent Schreiber
Edward T. LaRoe, Gaye S. Farris, Catherine E. Puckett, Peter D. Doran, Michael J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
Acidic deposition, or "acid rain," describes any form of precipitation, including rain, snow, and fog, with a pH of 5.5 or below (Note: pH values below 7 are acidic; vinegar has a pH of 3). It often results when the acidity of normal precipitation is increased by sulfates and nitrates...
Increasing frequency of plastic particles ingested by seabirds in the subarctic North Pacific
Martin D. Robards, John F. Piatt, Kenton D. Wohl
1995, Marine Pollution Bulletin (30) 151-157
We examined gut contents of 1799 seabirds comprising 24 species collected in 1988-1990 to assess the types and quantities of plastic particles ingested by seabirds in the subarctic waters of Alaska. Of the 15 species found to ingest plastic, most were surface-feeders (shearwaters, petrels, gulls) or plankton-feeding divers (auklets, puffins)....
Locating waterfowl observations on aerial surveys
W.I. Butler, J.I. Hodges, R.A. Stehn
1995, Wildlife Society Bulletin (23) 148-154
We modified standard aerial survey data collection to obtain the geographic location for each waterfowl observation on surveys in Alaska during 1987-1993. Using transect navigation with CPS (global positioning system), data recording on continuously running tapes, and a computer data input program, we located observations with an average deviation along...
Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA
Charles Heywood
1995, Conference Paper, IAHS-AISH Publication
The Pleistocene geologic history of the Rio Grande valley in the Hueco basin included a cycle of sediment erosion and re-aggradation, resulting in unconformable stratification of sediment of contrasting compressibility and stress history. Since the 1950s large groundwater withdrawals have resulted in significant water-level declines and associated land subsidence. Knowledge...
Can otolith microchemistry chart patterns of migration and habitat utilization in anadromous fishes?
D.H. Secor, A. Henderson-Arzapalo, P.M. Piccoli
1995, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology (192) 15-33
Seasonal and ontogenetic patterns in estuarine and coastal migrations of anadromous fish species have important consequences to their survival, growth, recruitment, and reproduction. We tested the hypothesis that otolith (sagitta) microchemistry can document the environmental history of individual fish across an...
Tectonic implications of post-30 Ma Pacific and North American relative plate motions
R. G. Bohannon, T. Parsons
1995, Geological Society of America Bulletin (107) 937-959
The Pacific plate moved northwest relative to North America since 42 Ma. The rapid half rate of Pacific-Farallon spreading allowed the ridge to approach the continent at about 29 Ma. Extinct spreading ridges that occur offshore along 65% of the margin (Lonsdale, 1991)...
Superposed local and regional paleostresses: fault-slip analysis of Neogene extensional faulting near coeval caldera complexes, Yucca Flat, Nevada
S.A. Minor
1995, Journal of Geophysical Research (100) 10507-10528
Numerous reduced stress tensors are computed by multiple inversions of 906 temporally and spatially partitioned fault-slip data from the Yucca Flat region in the southwest Nevada volcanic field to constrain the Neogene paleostress and faulting history and to investigate how the regional tectonic stress field...
Duration of mineralization and fluid-flow history of the Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district
E. L. Rowan, M. B. Goldhaber
1995, Geology (23) 609-612
Studies of fluid inclusions in sphalerite and biomarkers from the Upper Mississippi Valley zinc district show homogenization temperatures to be primarily between 90 and 150 ° C, yet show relatively low levels of thermal maturity. We use numerical calculations to simulate fluid and...
Difference in the crab fauna of mangrove areas at a southwest Florida and a northeast Australia location: Implications for leaf litter processing
C.C. McIvor, T. J. Smith III
1995, Estuaries (18) 591-597
Existing paradigms suggest that mangrove leaf litter is processed primarily via the detrital pathway in forests in the Caribbean biogeographic realm whereas herbivorous crabs are relatively more important litter processors in the Indo-West Pacific. To test this hypothesis, we used pitfall traps to collect intertidal crabs to characterize the crab...
Evaluation of simplified stream-aquifer depletion models for water rights administration
Marios Sophocleous, Antonis Koussis, J.L. Martin, S.P. Perkins
1995, Groundwater (33) 579-588
We assess the predictive accuracy of Glover's (1974) stream-aquifer analytical solutions, which are commonly used in administering water rights, and evaluate the impact of the assumed idealizations on administrative and management decisions. To achieve these objectives, we evaluate the predictive capabilities of the Glover stream-aquifer...
Channel degradation in southeastern Nebraska Rivers
Kenneth L. Wahl, Linda S. Weiss
Ward Rim J., editor(s)
1995, Conference Paper, Watershed Management Symposium - Proceedings
Many stream channels in southeastern Nebraska were dredged and straightened during 1904-15. The resulting channels were both shorter and steeper than the original channels. Tests for time trends were conducted using the nonparametric Kendall tau test to see if the channels have responded to these changes. Tests were conducted on...
Measured and predicted velocity and longitudinal dispersion at steady and unsteady flow, Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam to lake mead
J.B. Graf
1995, Water Resources Bulletin (31) 265-281
The effect of unsteadiness or dam releases on velocity and longitudinal dispersion of flow was evaluated by injecting a fluorescent dye into the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam and sampling for dye concentration at selected sites downstream. In Glen Canyon, average flow velocity through the study reach increased directly...
Optimization techniques for integrating spatial data
U.C. Herzfeld, D. F. Merriam
1995, Mathematical Geology (27) 559-588
Two optimization techniques ta predict a spatial variable from any number of related spatial variables are presented. The applicability of the two different methods for petroleum-resource assessment is tested in a mature oil province of the Midcontinent (USA). The information on petroleum productivity, usually not directly accessible, is related indirectly...
A survey of natural aggregate properties and characteristics important in remote sensing and airborne geophysics
D. H. Knepper Jr., W. H. Langer, S. Miller
1995, Nonrenewable Resources (4) 99-120
Natural aggregate is vital to the construction industry. Although natural aggregate is a high volume/low value commodity that is abundant, new sources are becoming increasingly difficult to find and develop because of rigid industry specifications, political considerations, development and transportation costs, and environmental concerns. There are two primary sources of...
The effect of fault-bend folding on seismic velocity in the marginal ridge of accretionary prisms
Y. Cai, Chun-Yong Wang, W.-t. Hwang, G.R. Cochrane
1995, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (145) 637-646
Fluid venting in accretionary prisms, which feeds chemosynthetic biological communities, occurs mostly on the marginal thrust ridge. New seismic data for the marginal ridge of the Cascadia prism show significantly lower velocity than that in the adjacent oceanic basin and place important constraints on the interpretations of why fluid venting...
Source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River Basin, California, USA
J. A. Izbicki, P. Martin, R. L. Michel
1995, IAHS-AISH Publication 43-56
Water samples from wells were collected and analysed for oxygen-18, deuterium, tritium, carbon-14, and carbon-13 to determine the source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River basin. Water in the alluvial aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -66??? and contains tritium, and was...
The spectra program library: A PC based system for gamma-ray spectra analysis and INAA data reduction
P. A. Baedecker, J. N. Grossman
1995, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (198) 55-68
A PC based system has been developed for the analysis of gamma-ray spectra and for the complete reduction of data from INAA experiments, including software to average the results from mulitple lines and multiple countings and to produce a final report of analysis. Graphics algorithms may be called for the...
Discrete fracture modeling-ESF North Portal Area, Yucca Mountain Nevada
Lawrence O. Anna
Hughes Howard R., editor(s)
1995, Conference Paper, High Level Radioactive Waste Management - Proceedings of the Annual International Conference
Statistical parameters from three-dimensional fracture network and hydraulic parameters were developed to be used in site scale models. This approach utilizes geometric fracture models and assess their impact on flow characteristics and parameters. Laboratory and field-testing data will be integrated to calibrate the flow models and to determine sensitivities of...
Evidence of active dune sand on the Great Plains in the 19th century from accounts of early explorers
D.R. Muhs, V.T. Holliday
1995, Quaternary Research (43) 198-208
Dune fields are found in several areas of the Great Plains, and though mostly stabilised today, the accounts of early explorers show that they were more mobile in the last century. Using an index of dune mobility and tree ring data, it is found that these periods of mobility were...
Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology
James E. Vogelmann
1995, Conservation Biology (9) 439-449
Spatial patterns and rates of forest fragmentation were assessed using digital remote sensing data for a region in southern New England that included 157 townships in southern New Hampshire and northeastern Massachusetts. The study area has undergone marked population increases over the last several decades. Following classification of 1973 and...
