A salmon population model for evaluating alternative flow regimes
J. M. Bartholow, T. J. Waddle
1994, Book, Proceedings of the 21st Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Division Conference
No abstract available....
Chemistry of dissolved organic matter in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs
J. A. Leenheer
1994, Book chapter, Environmental chemistry of lakes and reservoirs
Recent investigations provide new insight on the structural chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in freshwater environments and the role of these structures in contaminant binding. Molecular models of DOM derived from allochthonous and autochthonous sources show that short-chain, branched, and alicyclic structures are terminated by carboxyl or methyl groups...
Microfossil biostratigraphy of prograding Neogene platform-margin carbonates, Bahamas: Age constraints and alternatives
Barbara H. Lidz, Timothy J. Bralower
1994, Marine Micropaleontology (23) 265-344
Benthic and planktic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils were recovered in shallow-water carbonate rock cores from two continuous boreholes drilled 7.5 km apart on the west platform margin of the Great Bahama Bank. The microfossils define six biostratigraphic units in each hole. One unit in each hole represents a correlative condensed...
Surface energy balance estimates at local and regional scales using optical remote sensing from an aircraft platform and atmospheric data collected over semiarid rangelands
William P. Kustas, M. S. Moran, K.S. Humes, D.I. Stannard, P. J. Pinter Jr., L.E. Hipps, E. Swiatek, D.C. Goodrich
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 1241-1259
Remotely sensed data in the visible, near-infrared, and thermal-infrared wave bands were collected from a low-flying aircraft during the Monsoon '90 field experiment. Monsoon '90 was a multidisciplinary experiment conducted in a semiarid watershed. It had as one of its objectives the quantification of hydrometeorological fluxes during the...
Interpretation of surface flux measurements in heterogeneous terrain during the Monsoon '90 experiment
D.I. Stannard, J.H. Blanford, William P. Kustas, W. D. Nichols, S.A. Amer, T.J. Schmugge, M.A. Weltz
1994, Water Environment Research (30) 1227-1239
A network of 9-m-tall surface flux measurement stations were deployed at eight sparsely vegetated sites during the Monsoon '90 experiment to measure net radiation, Q, soil heat flux, G, sensible heat flux, H (using eddy correlation), and latent heat flux, λE (using the energy balance equation). At four of these...
A seismotectonic model for the 300-kilometer-long eastern Tennessee seismic zone
C.A. Powell, G. A. Bollinger, M.C. Chapman, M.S. Sibol, A. C. Johnston, R. L. Wheeler
1994, Science (264) 686-688
Ten years of monitoring microearthquakes with a regional seismic network has revealed the presence of a well-defined, linear zone of seismic activity in eastern Tennessee. This zone produced the second highest release of seismic strain energy in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains during the last decade, when...
Crustal structure and composition of the southern Foothills Metamorphic Belt, Sierra Nevada, California, from seismic data
Kate Miller, Walter D. Mooney
1994, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (99) 6865-6880
The Foothills Metamorphic Belt is an accreted terrane consisting of Paleozoic and Mesozoic metamorphic rocks that separates the Great Valley from the Sierra Nevada batholith in northern and central California. Until recently, the only available geophysical data for this area were reconnaissance refraction surveys, and gravity and...
Drainage investment and wetland loss: an analysis of the national resources inventory data
Aaron J. Douglas, Richard L. Johnson
1994, Journal of Environmental Management (40) 341-355
The United States Soil Conservation Service (SCS) conducts a survey for the purpose of establishing an agricultural land use database. This survey is called the National Resources Inventory (NRI) database. The complex NRI land classification system, in conjunction with the quantitative information gathered by the survey, has numerous applications. The...
Relations between habitat variability and population dynamics of bass in the Huron River, Michigan
Ken D. Bovee, Tammy J. Newcomb, Thomas G. Coon
1994, Report
One of the assumption of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) is that the dynamics of fish populations are directly or indirectly related to habitat availability. Because this assumption has not been successfully tested in coolwater streams, questions arise regarding the validity of the methodology in such streams....
Identification of tire leachate toxicants and a risk assessment of water quality effects using tire reefs in canals
S. M. Nelson, G. Mueller, D. C. Hemphill
1994, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (52) 574-581
Cover is an important component of aquatic habitat and fisheries management. Fisheries biologists often try to improve habitats through the addition of natural and artificial material to improve cover diversity and complexity. Habitat-improvement programs range from submerging used Christmas trees to more complex programs using sophisticated artificial habitat...
Strike-slip faulting at Thebes Gap, Missouri and Illinois; implications for New Madrid tectonism
Richard W. Harrison, Art Schultz
1994, Tectonics (13) 246-257
Numerous NNE and NE striking strike-slip faults and associated normal faults, folds, and transtensional grabens occur in the Thebes Gap area of Missouri and Illinois. These structures developed along the northwestern margin of the buried Reelfoot rift of Precambrian-Cambrian age at the northern edge of the Mississippi embayment. They have...
Transport of chromium and selenium in the suboxic zone of a shallow aquifer: Influence of redox and adsorption reactions
D.B. Kent, J.A. Davis, L.C.D. Anderson, B.A. Rea, T.D. Waite
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 1099-1114
Breakthrough of Cr(VI) (chromate), Se(VI) (selenate), and O2 (dissolved oxygen) was observed in tracer tests conducted in a shallow, sand and gravel aquifer with mildly reducing conditions. Loss of Cr, probably due to reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and irreversible sorption of Cr(III), occurred along with slight retardation of Cr(VI), owing...
Evidence for an upper mantle low velocity zone beneath the southern Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau transition zone
H.M. Benz, J. McCarthy
1994, Geophysical Research Letters (21) 509-512
A 370-km-long seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection profile recorded during the Pacific to Arizona Crustal Experiment (PACE) detected an upper mantle P-wave low-velocity zone (LVZ) in the depth range 40 to 55 km beneath the Basin and Range in southern Arizona. Interpretation of seismic data places constraints on the sub-crustal lithosphere of...
Implications of felt area-magnitude relations for earthquake scaling and the average frequency of perceptible ground motion
Arthur Frankel
1994, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (84) 462-465
Observed relations between felt area and moment magnitude M for stable continental regions (SCR) and California earthquakes can be explained by a simple model with geometrical spreading, attenuation (Q−1), and earthquake stress drops that remain constant from M 4 to 8. Differences in the slopes of the observed felt...
Thermal history of the periphery of the Junggar Basin, Northwestern China
J. David King, J. Yang, F. Pu
1994, Organic Geochemistry (21) 393-405
Geochemical analysis of rock core samples show that the basin periphery has experienced low thermal stress; present-day heat flows are in the range of 25–35 mW/m2 and have not been significantly higher than the worldwide mean of approx. 63 mW/m2 since the mid-Permian. Present day heat flows were determined from corrected borehole...
Deep scientific drilling in the San Andreas Fault Zone
Stephen H. Hickman, Mark D. Zoback, Leland Younker, William L. Ellsworth
1994, Eos Science News (75) 137-141
A deep scientific drilling experiment in San Andreas fault zone would provide data essential to understanding the structure, composition, mechanical behavior, and physical state of an active, major plate-boundary fault. Toward this end, we are working with an international team of scientists and engineers to propose a long-term, integrated program...
Aftershocks of the 13 May 1993 Shumagin Alaska earthquake
Zhong Lu, Max Wyss, Guy Tytgat, Steve McNutt, Scott Stihler
1994, Geophysical Research Letters (21) 497-500
The 13 May 1993 Ms 6.9 Shumagin earthquake had an aftershock sequence of 247 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than or equal to 1.5 by 1 June 1993. Of these aftershocks, 79 were located by using S-P travel times at the only two stations within 570 km of the mainshock epicenter....
Strain accumulation in the Shumagin Islands: Results of initial GPS measurements
Kristine M. Larson, Michael Lisowski
1994, Geophysical Research Letters (21) 489-492
Deformation in the Shumagin seismic gap has been monitored with repeated trilateration (EDM) in the 1980–1987 interval and with the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the 1987–1991 interval. The geodetic network extends for 100-km across the Shumagin Islands to the Alaska Peninsula. Results from the GPS surveys are consistent with...
Conflicting tectonics? Contraction and extension at middle and upper crustal levels along the Cordilleran Late Jurassic arc, southeastern California
Mark J. Davis, Daniel L. Farber, Joe L. Wooden, J. Lawford Anderson
1994, Geology (22) 247-250
Effects of mid-Mesozoic contraction followed closely in time by extension are present in mid- to upper-crustal plutonic rocks in the Chuckwalla Mountains of the eastern Transverse Ranges, California. Late Jurassic movement along a steeply dipping, right-lateral mylonitic shear zone is bracketed between 159 and 147 Ma via U-Pb dated plutons....
Thermal history of the periphery of the Junggar Basin, Northwestern China
J. David King, Jianqiang Yang, Fan Pu
1994, Organic Geochemistry (21) 393-405
Geochemical analysis of rock core samples show that the basin periphery has experienced low thermal stress; present-day heat flows are in the range of 25–35 mW/m2 and have not been significantly higher than the worldwide mean of approx. 63 mW/m2 since the mid-Permian. Present day heat flows were determined from...
Comparison of drilling reports and detailed geophysical analysis of ground-water production in bedrock wells
Frederick Paillet, Russell Duncanson
1994, Groundwater (32) 200-206
The most extensive data base for fractured bedrock aquifers consists of drilling reports maintained by various state agencies. We investigated the accuracy and reliability of such reports by comparing a representative set of reports for nine wells drilled by conventional air percussion methods in granite with a suite of geophysical...
Modeling of soil water retention from saturation to oven dryness
Cinzia Rossi, John R. Nimmo
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 701-708
Most analytical formulas used to model moisture retention in unsaturated porous media have been developed for the wet range and are unsuitable for applications in which low water contents are important. We have developed two models that fit the entire range from saturation to oven dryness in a practical and...
Topography of Valles Marineris: Implications for erosional and structural history
Baerbel K. Lucchitta, N.K. Isbell, Elpitha Howington-Kraus
1994, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (99) 3783-3798
Compilation of a simplified geologic/geomorphic map onto digital terrain models of the Valles Marineris permitted an evaluation of elevations in the vicinity of the troughs and the calculation of depth of troughs below surrounding plateaus, thickness of deposits inside the troughs, volumes of void spaces above geologic/geomorphic units, and volumes...
Lake-atmosphere feedbacks associated with paleolakes Bonneville and Lahontan
S. W. Hostetler, F. Giorgi, G. T. Bates, P. J. Bartlein
1994, Science (263) 665-668
A high-resolution, regional climate model nested within a general circulation model was used to study the interactions between the atmosphere and the large Pleistocene lakes in the Great Basin of the United States. Simulations for January and July 18,000 years ago indicate that moisture provided by synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation features...
The use of simulation and multiple environmental tracers to quantify groundwater flow in a shallow aquifer
Thomas E. Reilly, Niel Plummer, Patrick J. Phillips, Eurybiades Busenberg
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 421-433
Measurements of the concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium, and other environmental tracers can be used to calculate recharge ages of shallow groundwater and estimate rates of groundwater movement. Numerical simulation also provides quantitative estimates of flow rates, flow paths, and mixing properties of the groundwater system. The environmental tracer techniques...
