Dating of the Basal Aurignacian Sandwich at Abric Romanı́ (Catalunya, Spain) by Radiocarbon and Uranium-Series
James L. Bischoff, Kenneth R. Ludwig, Jose Francisco Garcia, E. Carbonell, Manola Vaquero, Thomas W. Stafford Jr., A.J.T. Jull
1994, Journal of Archaeological Science (21) 541-551
Abric Romaní, a rock shelter located near Barcelona, Spain, contains a charcoal-bearing basal Aurignacian occupation level sandwiched between beds of moss-generated carbonate. The Aurignacian culture is the oldest artefact industry in Europe with which anatomically modern human remains have been associated. Radiocarbon analysis of charcoal fragments by accelerator mass spectrometry...
A spatial features register: Toward standardization of spatial features
Janette Cascio
1994, Cartography and Geographic Information Systems (21) 155-158
As the need to share spatial data increases, more than agreement on a common format is needed to ensure that the data is meaningful to both the importer and the exporter. Effective data transfer also requires common definitions of spatial features. To achieve this, part 2 of the Spatial Data...
Salinity increases in the navajo aquifer in southeastern Utah
D. L. Naftz, L.E. Spangler
1994, Water Resources Bulletin (30) 1119-1135
Salinity increases in water in some parts of the Navajo aquifer in southeastern Utah have been documented previously. The purpose of this paper is to use bromide, iodide, and chloride concentrations and del oxygen-18 and deuterium values in water from the study area to determine if oil-field brines (OFB) could...
Prospector II: Towards a knowledge base for mineral deposits
R.B. McCammon
1994, Mathematical Geology (26) 917-936
What began in the mid-seventies as a research effort in designing an expert system to aid geologists in exploring for hidden mineral deposits has in the late eighties become a full-sized knowledge-based system to aid geologists in conducting regional mineral resource assessments. Prospector II, the successor to Prospector, is interactive-graphics...
East Mariana Basin tholeiites: Cretaceous intraplate basalts or rift basalts related to the Ontong Java plume?
P.R. Castillo, M. S. Pringle, R. W. Carlson
1994, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (123) 139-154
Studies of seafloor magnetic anomaly patterns suggest the presence of Jurassic oceanic crust in a large area in the western Pacific that includes the East Mariana, Nauru and Pigafetta Basins. Sampling of the igneous crust in this area by the Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) and the Ocean Drilling Program...
Profile development for the Spatial Data Transfer Standard
John A. Szemraj, Robin G. Fegeas, Billy R. Tolar
1994, Cartography and Geographic Information Systems (21) 150-154
The Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS), or Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 173, is designed to support all types of spatial data. Implementing all of the standard's options at one time is impractical. Therefore, implementation of the SDTS is being accomplished through the use of profiles. Profiles are clearly defined,...
Fine structure of the landers fault zone: Segmentation and the rupture process
Y.-G. Li, J.E. Vidale, K. Aki, C.J. Marone, W.H.K. Lee
1994, Science (265) 367-370
Observations and modeling of 3- to 6-hertz seismic shear waves trapped within the fault zone of the 1992 Landers earthquake series allow the fine structure and continuity of the zone to be evaluated. The fault, to a depth of at least 12 kilometers, is marked by a zone 100 to...
Sensitivity of northern Sierra Nevada streamflow to climate change
L.F.W. Duell
1994, Water Resources Bulletin (30) 841-859
The sensitivity of streamflow to climate change was investigated in the American, Carson, and Truckee River Basins, California and Nevada. Nine gaging stations were used to represent streamflow in the basins. Annual models were developed by regressing 1961-1991 streamflow data on temperature and precipitation. Climate-change scenarios were used as inputs...
Gravitational stresses in long symmetric ridges and valleys in anisotropic rock
E. Pan, B. Amadei, W. Z. Savage
1994, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts (31) 293-312
The effect of topography and rock mass anisotropy on gravitational stresses in long isolated symmetric ridges and valleys is modeled using an analytical method proposed earlier by the first two authors. The rock mass deforms under a condition of plane strain. A parametric study is presented on the effect of...
Composition and sources of atmospheric dusts in snow at 3200 meters in the St. Elias Range, southeastern Alaska, USA
T. K. Hinkley
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 3245-3254
Dusts in snow from the accumulation zone in the St. Elias Range appear from their chemical compositions to have come from terranes of rocks of ferromagnesian composition. These dusts, with respect to their composition and to the moderate degree of variation that occurs through a depositional year, are similar those...
Sediment-transport events on the northern California continental shelf during the 1990-1991 STRESS experiment
C. R. Sherwood, B. Butman, D.A. Cacchione, D.E. Drake, T.F. Gross, R.W. Sternberg, P.L. Wiberg, A. J. Williams III
1994, Continental Shelf Research (14) 1063-1099
Measurements of currents and light transmission were made at bottom tripods and moorings arrayed across the northern California continental shelf along the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) "C" transect as part of the 1990-1991 Sediment Transport Events on Shelves and Slopes (STRESS) experiment. In combination with meteorological and wave data...
Modes of occurrence of potentially hazardous elements in coal: Levels of confidence
Robert B. Finkelman
1994, Fuel Processing Technology (39) 21-34
The modes of occurrence of the potentially hazardous elements in coal will be of significance in any attempt to reduce their mobilization due to coal combustion. Antimony and selenium may be present in solid solution in pyrite, as minute accessory sulfides dispersed throughout the organic matrix, or in organic association....
Geochemical soil sampling for deeply-buried mineralized breccia pipes, northwestern Arizona
K. J. Wenrich, R. M. Aumente-Modreski
1994, Applied Geochemistry (9) 431-454
Thousands of solution-collapse breccia pipes crop out in the canyons and on the plateaus of northwestern Arizona; some host high-grade uranium deposits. The mineralized pipes are enriched in Ag, As, Ba, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V and Zn. These breccia pipes formed as sedimentary strata collapsed into...
Hydrochemistry of the Mahomet Bedrock Valley Aquifer, East-Central Illinois: Indicators of recharge and ground-water flow
S.V. Panno, Keith C. Hackley, K. Cartwright, Chao-Li Liu
1994, Groundwater (32) 591-604
A conceptual model of the ground-water flow and recharge to the Mahomet Bedrock Valley Aquifer (MVA), east-central Illinois, was developed using major ion chemistry and isotope geochemistry. The MVA is a “basal” fill in the east-west trending buried bedrock valley composed of clean, permeable...
Modeling surficial sand and gravel deposits
J. D. Bliss, N.J. Page
1994, Nonrenewable Resources (3) 237-249
Mineral-deposit models are an integral part of quantitative mineral-resource assessment. As the focus of mineral-deposit modeling has moved from metals to industrial minerals, procedure has been modified and may be sufficient to model surficial sand and gravel deposits. Sand and gravel models are needed to assess resource-supply analyses for planning...
Anatexis, hybridization and the modification of ancient crust: Mesozoic plutonism in the Old Woman Mountains area, California
C. F. Miller, J. L. Wooden
1994, LITHOS (32) 111-133
A compositionally expanded array of granitic (s.l.) magmas intruded the > 2 Ga crust of the Old Woman Mountains area between 160 and 70 Ma. These magmas were emplaced near the eastern (inland) edge of the Jurassic/Cretaceous arcs of western North America, in an area where magma flux, especially during...
Petrology of gabbroic xenoliths in 1960 Kilauea basalt: crystalline remnants of prior (1955) magmatism
R.V. Fodor, R. B. Moore
1994, Bulletin of Volcanology (56) 62-74
The 1960 Kapoho lavas of Kilauea's east rift zone contain 1-10 cm xenoliths of olivine gabbro, olivine gabbro-norite, and gabbro norite. Textures are poikilitic (ol+sp+cpx in pl) and intergranular (cpx+pl??ol??opx). Poikilitic xenoliths, which we interpret as cumulates, have the most primitive mineral compositions, Fo82.5, cpx Mg# 86.5, and An80.5. Many...
A pore-pressure diffusion model for estimating landslide-inducing rainfall
M.E. Reid
1994, Journal of Geology (102) 709-717
Many types of landslide movement are induced by large rainstorms, and empirical rainfall intensity/duration thresholds for initiating movement have been determined for various parts of the world. In this paper, I present a simple pressure diffusion model that provides a physically based...
Coal compositional changes along a mire interior to mire margin transect in the Mary Lee coal bed, Warrior Basin, Alabama, USA
C.F. Eble, Robert A. Gastaldo, T.M. Demko, Yajing Liu
1994, International Journal of Coal Geology (26) 43-62
Vertical increment samples of the Mary Lee coal bed, collected along an inferred mire interior to mire margin transect, were studied palynologically, petrographically and geochemically to determine if any vertical or lateral changes in coal composition could be detected. Results show...
Earthquake classification, location, and error analysis in a volcanic environment: implications for the magmatic system of the 1989-1990 eruptions at redoubt volcano, Alaska
J.C. Lahr, B. A. Chouet, C.D. Stephens, J.A. Power, R.A. Page
1994, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (62) 137-151
Determination of the precise locations of seismic events associated with the 1989-1990 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano posed a number of problems, including poorly known crustal velocities, a sparse station distribution, and an abundance of events with emergent phase onsets. In addition, the high relief of the volcano could not be...
Bottom stress estimates and sand transport on northern California inner continental shelf
David A. Cacchione, David E. Drake, Joanne T. Ferreira, George B. Tate
1994, Continental Shelf Research (14) 1273-1289
Measurements of velocities and light transmission in the bottom boundary layer on the continental shelf off northern California demonstrate the importance of storms in the transport of sediment along the coast and offshore in this region. Time-series estimates of bottom stress obtained from a combined wave-current bottom boundary layer model...
Build your own low-cost seismic/bathymetric recorder annotator
W. Robinson
1994, Marine Geology (118) 1-3
An inexpensive programmable annotator, completely compatible with at least three models of widely used graphic recorders (Raytheon LSR-1811, Raytheon LSR-1807 M, and EDO 550) has been developed to automatically write event marks and print up to sixteen numbers on the paper record....
Diurnal-period currents trapped above Fieberling Guyot: observed characteristics and model comparisons
M.A. Noble, K.H. Brink, C.C. Eriksen
1994, Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers (41) 643-658
Current measurements at depths of 19, 115, 264 and 464 m above the summit of Fieberling Guyot (32??28???N, 127??47???W) for 13 months in 1989 show that the diurnal tides are strongly amplified. The measured variances for K1, P1 and O1 at the 115 m depth were 810, 140 and 80...
A rock-magnetic record from Lake Baikal, Siberia: Evidence for Late Quaternary climate change
J.A. Peck, J.W. King, Steven M. Colman, V.A. Kravchinsky
1994, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (122) 221-238
Rock-magnetic measurements of sediment cores from the Academician Ridge region of Lake Baikal, Siberia show variations related to Late Quaternary climate change. Based upon the well-dated last glacial-interglacial transition, variations in magnetic concentration and mineralogy are related to glacial-interglacial cycles using a conceptual model. Interglacial intervals are characterized by low...
Ductile creep and compaction: A mechanism for transiently increasing fluid pressure in mostly sealed fault zones
Norman H. Sleep, M.L. Blanpied
1994, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (143) 9-40
A simple cyclic process is proposed to explain why major strike-slip fault zones, including the San Andreas, are weak. Field and laboratory studies suggest that the fluid within fault zones is often mostly sealed from that in the surrounding country rock. Ductile creep driven by the difference between fluid pressure...
