A capture-recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal
W. Smith, Thomas J. Kwak
2014, Journal of Fish Biology (84) 897-912
Adult movement scale was quantified for two tropical Caribbean diadromous fishes, bigmouth sleeper Gobiomorus dormitor and mountain mullet Agonostomus monticola, using passive integrated transponders (PITs) and radio-telemetry. Large numbers of fishes were tagged in Rio Mameyes, Puerto Rico, U.S.A., with PITs and monitored at three fixed locations over a 2-5...
Spatial variation and low diversity in the major histocompatibility complex in walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)
Sarah A. Sonsthagen, Krystal R. Fales, Chadwick V. Jay, George K. Sage, Sandra L. Talbot
2014, Polar Biology (37) 497-506
Increased global temperature and associated changes to Arctic habitats will likely result in the northward advance of species, including an influx of pathogens novel to the Arctic. How species respond to these immunological challenges will depend in part on the adaptive potential of their immune response system. We compared levels...
Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010
Amber R. Ignatius, John Jones
2014, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-information (3) 460-480
Construction of small reservoirs affects ecosystem processes in numerous ways including fragmenting stream habitat, altering hydrology, and modifying water chemistry. While the upper and middle Chattahoochee River basins within the Southeastern United States Piedmont contain few natural lakes, they have a high density of small reservoirs (more than 7500 small...
Infection of sea lamprey with an unusual strain of Aeromonas salmonicida
Arfang Diamanka, Thomas P. Loch, Rocco C. Cipriano, Andrew D. Winters, Mohamed Faisal
2014, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (50) 159-170
The invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes by the fish-parasitic sea lamprey has led to catastrophic consequences, including the potential introduction of fish pathogens. Aeromonas salmonicida is a bacterial fish pathogen that causes devastating losses worldwide. Currently, there are five accepted subspecies of Aeromonas salmonicida: A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, masoucida,...
Successes and challenges from formation to implementation of eleven broad-extent conservation programs
Erik A. Beever, John B. Bradford, Matthew J. Germino, Brady J. Mattsson, Max Post van der Burg, Mark Brunson
2014, Conservation Biology (28) 302-314
Integration of conservation partnerships across geographic, biological, and administrative boundaries is increasingly relevant because drivers of change, such as climate shifts, transcend these boundaries. We explored successes and challenges of established conservation programs that span multiple watersheds and consider both social and ecological concerns. We asked representatives from a diverse...
Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices
David A. Alvarez, Keith A. Maruya, Nathan G. Dodder, Wenjian Lao, Edward T. Furlong, Kelly L. Smalling
2014, Marine Pollution Bulletin (81) 347-354
Three passive sampling devices (PSDs), polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), polyethylene devices (PEDs), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) samplers were used to sample a diverse set of chemicals in the coastal waters of San Francisco Bay and the Southern California Bight. Seventy one chemicals (including fragrances, phosphate flame retardants, pharmaceuticals,...
Ghost of habitat past: historic habitat affects the contemporary distribution of giant garter snakes in a modified landscape.
Brian J. Halstead, Glenn D. Wylie, Michael L. Casazza
2014, Animal Conservation (17) 144-153
Historic habitat conditions can affect contemporary communities and populations, but most studies of historic habitat are based on the reduction in habitat extent or connectivity. Little is known about the effects of historic habitat on contemporary species distributions when historic habitat has been nearly completely removed, but species persist in...
Mineralogical, chemical and K-Ar isotopic changes in Kreyenhagen Shale whole rocks and <2 µm clay fractions during natural burial and hydrous-pyrolysis experimental maturation
Norbert Clauer, Michael D. Lewan, Michael P. Dolan, Sambhudas Chaudhuri, John B. Curtis
2014, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (130) 93-112
Progressive maturation of the Eocene Kreyenhagen Shale from the San Joaquin Basin of California was studied by combining mineralogical and chemical analyses with K–Ar dating of whole rocks and <2 μm clay fractions from naturally buried samples and laboratory induced maturation by hydrous pyrolysis of an immature outcrop sample. The K–Ar...
Spatially robust estimates of biological nitrogen (N) fixation imply substantial human alteration of the tropical N cycle
Benjamin W. Sullivan, William K. Smith, Alan R. Townsend, Megan K. Nasto, Sasha C. Reed, Robin L. Chazdon, Cory C. Cleveland
2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (111) 8101-8106
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the largest natural source of exogenous nitrogen (N) to unmanaged ecosystems and also the primary baseline against which anthropogenic changes to the N cycle are measured. Rates of BNF in tropical rainforest are thought to be among the highest on Earth, but they are notoriously...
Carbon and geochemical properties of cryosols on the North Slope of Alaska
Cuicui Mu, Tingjun Zhang, Paul F. Schuster, Kevin Schaefer, Kimberly P. Wickland, Deborah A. Repert, Lin Liu, Tim Schaefer, Guodong Cheng
2014, Cold Regions Science and Technology (100) 59-67
Cryosols contain roughly 1700 Gt of Soil organic carbon (SOC) roughly double the carbon content of the atmosphere. As global temperature rises and permafrost thaws, this carbon reservoir becomes vulnerable to microbial decomposition, resulting in greenhouse gas emissions that will amplify anthropogenic warming. Improving our understanding...
Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN
M. Lee, S. Malyshev, E. Shevliakova, Paul C. D. Milly, P. R. Jaffe
2014, Biogeosciences (11) 5809-5826
We developed a process model LM3-TAN to assess the combined effects of direct human influences and climate change on terrestrial and aquatic nitrogen (TAN) cycling. The model was developed by expanding NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory land model LM3V-N of coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen (C-N) cycling and including new...
Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms
Lisa H. Nowell, Julia E. Norman, Patrick W. Moran, Jeffrey D. Martin, Wesley W. Stone
2014, Science of the Total Environment (476-477) 144-157
Pesticide mixtures are common in streams with agricultural or urban influence in the watershed. The Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) is a screening tool to assess potential aquatic toxicity of complex pesticide mixtures by combining measures of pesticide exposure and acute toxicity in an additive toxic-unit model. The PTI is determined...
Behavioural cues surpass habitat factors in explaining prebreeding resource selection by a migratory diving duck
Shawn T. O’Neil, Jeffrey M. Warren, John Y. Takekawa, Susan E. W. De La Cruz, Kyle A. Cutting, Michael W. Parker, Julie L. Yee
2014, Animal Behaviour (90) 21-29
Prebreeding habitat selection in birds can often be explained in part by habitat characteristics. However, females may also select habitats on the basis of fidelity to areas of previous reproductive success or use by conspecifics. The relative influences of sociobehavioural attributes versus habitat characteristics in habitat selection has been primarily...
Why the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake matters 50 years later
Michael E. West, Peter J. Haeussler, Natalia A. Ruppert, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, Alaska Seismic Hazards Safety Commission
2014, Seismological Research Letters (85) 245-251
Spring was returning to Alaska on Friday 27 March 1964. A two‐week cold snap had just ended, and people were getting ready for the Easter weekend. At 5:36 p.m., an earthquake initiated 12 km beneath Prince William Sound, near the eastern end of what is now recognized as the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone....
Biological effects of desert dust in respiratory epithelial cells and a murine model
Andrew J. Ghio, Suryanaren T. Kummarapurugu, Haiyan Tong, Joleen M. Soukup, Lisa A. Dailey, Elizabeth Boykin, M. Ian Gilmour, Peter Ingram, Victor L. Roggli, Harland L. Goldstein, Richard L. Reynolds
2014, Inhalation Toxicology (26) 299-309
As a result of the challenge of recent dust storms to public health, we tested the postulate that desert dust collected in the southwestern United States imparts a biological effect in respiratory epithelial cells and an animal model. Two samples of surface sediment were collected from separate dust sources in...
Identifying legal, ecological and governance obstacles and opportunities for adapting to climate change
Barbara Cosens, Lance Gunderson, Craig R. Allen, Melinda H. Benson
2014, Sustainability (6) 2338-2356
Current governance of regional scale water management systems in the United States has not placed them on a path toward sustainability, as conflict and gridlock characterize the social arena and ecosystem services continue to erode. Changing climate may continue this trajectory, but it also provides a catalyst for renewal of...
Mechanisms driving recruitment variability in fish: comparisons between the Laurentian Great Lakes and marine systems
Jeremy J. Pritt, Edward F. Roseman, Timothy P. O’Brien
2014, ICES Journal of Marine Science (71) 2252-2267
In his seminal work, Hjort (in Fluctuations in the great fisheries of Northern Europe. Conseil Parmanent International Pour L'Exploration De La Mar. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux, 20: 1–228, 1914) observed that fish population levels fluctuated widely, year-class strength was set early in life, and egg production by adults could not alone...
Hydrological effects of forest transpiration loss in bark beetle-impacted watersheds
Lindsay A. Bearup, Reed M. Maxwell, David W. Clow, John E. McCray
2014, Nature Climate Change (4) 481-486
The recent climate-exacerbated mountain pine beetle infestation in the Rocky Mountains of North America has resulted in tree death that is unprecedented in recorded history. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity inherent in insect infestation creates a complex and often unpredictable watershed response, influencing the primary storage and flow components of...
Distinguishing seawater from geologic brine in saline coastal groundwater using radium-226; an example from the Sabkha of the UAE
Thomas F. Kraemer, Warren W. Wood, Ward E. Sanford
2014, Chemical Geology (371) 1-8
Sabkhat (Salt flats) are common geographic features of low-lying marine coastal areas that develop under hyper-arid climatic conditions. They are characterized by the presence of highly concentrated saline solutions and evaporitic minerals, and have been cited in the geologic literature as present-day representations of hyper-arid regional paleohydrogeology, paleoclimatology, coastal processes,...
Little late Holocene strain accumulation and release on the Aleutian megathrust below the Shumagin Islands, Alaska
Robert C. Witter, Richard W. Briggs, Simon E. Engelhart, Guy R. Gelfenbaum, Richard D. Koehler, William D. Barnhart
2014, Geophysical Research Letters (41) 2359-2367
Can a predominantly creeping segment of a subduction zone generate a great (M > 8) earthquake? Despite Russian accounts of strong shaking and high tsunamis in 1788, geodetic observations above the Aleutian megathrust indicate creeping subduction across the Shumagin Islands segment, a well-known seismic gap. Seeking evidence for prehistoric great earthquakes, we...
Multibeam sonar (DIDSON) assessment of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) approaching a hydroelectric dam
Ann B. Grote, Michael M. Bailey, Joseph D. Zydlewski, Joseph E. Hightower
2014, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (71) 545-558
We investigated the fish community approaching the Veazie Dam on the Penobscot River, Maine, prior to implementation of a major dam removal and river restoration project. Multibeam sonar (dual-frequency identification sonar, DIDSON) surveys were conducted continuously at the fishway entrance from May to July in 2011. A 5% subsample of...
Snowshoe hares display limited phenotypic plasticity to mismatch in seasonal camouflage
Marketa Zimova, L. Scott Mills, Paul M. Lukacs, Michael S. Mitchell
2014, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (281)
As duration of snow cover decreases owing to climate change, species undergoing seasonal colour moults can become colour mismatched with their background. The immediate adaptive solution to this mismatch is phenotypic plasticity, either in phenology of seasonal colour moults or in behaviours that reduce mismatch or its consequences. We observed...
Stream capture to form Red Pass, northern Soda Mountains, California
David M. Miller, Shannon A. Mahan
2014, Conference Paper, Not a drop left to drink
Red Pass, a narrow cut through the Soda Mountains important for prehistoric and early historic travelers, is quite young geologically. Its history of downcutting to capture streams west of the Soda Mountains, thereby draining much of eastern Fort Irwin, is told by the contrast in alluvial fan sediments on...
Infiltration and runoff generation processes in fire-affected soils
John A. Moody, Brian A. Ebel
2014, Hydrological Processes (28) 3432-3453
Post-wildfire runoff was investigated by combining field measurements and modelling of infiltration into fire-affected soils to predict time-to-start of runoff and peak runoff rate at the plot scale (1 m2). Time series of soil-water content, rainfall and runoff were measured on a hillslope burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire west...
Mummy Lake: An unroofed ceremonial structure within a large-scale ritual landscape
Larry V. Benson, Eleanor R. Griffin, J.R. Stein, R. A. Friedman, S. W. Andrae
2014, Journal of Archaeological Science (44) 164-179
The structure at Mesa Verde National Park known historically as Mummy Lake and more recently as Far View Reservoir is not part of a water collection, impoundment, or redistribution system. We offer an alternative explanation for the function of Mummy Lake. We suggest that it is an unroofed ceremonial structure,...
