The over-prediction of seismically induced soil liquefaction during the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan earthquake sequence
Donald J. Anderson, Kevin W. Franke, Robert Kayen, Shideh Dashti, M Badanagki
2023, Geosciences (13)
Following the M7.0 strike-slip earthquake near Kumamoto, Japan, in April of 2016, most geotechnical engineering experts believed that there would be significant soil liquefaction and liquefaction-induced infrastructure damage observed in the densely populated city of Kumamoto during the post-event engineering reconnaissance. This belief was driven by several factors including...
Multiple dimensions of functional diversity affect stream fish β-diversity
Luke Max Bower, Lauren Stoczynski, Brandon K. Peoples, Christopher J. Patrick, Bryan L. Brown
2023, Freshwater Biology (68) 437-451
When investigating metacommunity dynamics, functional differences among species are often assumed to be as important as environmental differences between sites in determining β-diversity. However, few studies have examined the influence of functional diversity on β-diversity. We examine the relative importance of regional functional diversity partitioned by niche dimensions and...
Divergent climate impacts on C3 versus C4 grasses imply widespread 21st century shifts in grassland functional composition
Caroline A. Havrilla, John B. Bradford, Charles B. Yackulic, Seth M. Munson
2023, Diversity and Distributions (29) 379-394
AimGrasslands cover a third of Earth's landmass and provide critical ecosystem services. Anticipating how perennial C3 (cool-season) and C4 (warm-season) grasses respond to climate change will be key to predicting future composition and functioning of grasslands. Here, we evaluate environmental drivers of C3 and C4 perennial distributions and assess how C3 and...
Borealization of nearshore fishes on an interior Arctic shelf over multiple decades
Vanessa R. von Biela, Sarah M. Laske, Ashley E. Stanek, Randy J Brown, Kenneth H. Dunton
2023, Global Change Biology (29) 1822-1838
Borealization is a type of community reorganization where Arctic specialists are replaced by species with more boreal distributions in response to climatic warming. The process of borealization is often exemplified by the northward range expansions and subsequent proliferation of boreal species on the Pacific and Atlantic...
Pesticide prioritization by potential biological effects in tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes
Samantha K. Oliver, Steven R. Corsi, Austin K. Baldwin, Michelle A. Nott, Gerald T. Ankley, Brett R. Blackwell, Daniel L. Villeneuve, Michelle L. Hladik, Dana W. Kolpin, Luke C. Loken, Laura A. DeCicco, Michael T. Meyer, Keith A. Loftin
2023, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (42) 367-384
Watersheds of the Great Lakes Basin (USA/Canada) are highly modified and impacted by human activities including pesticide use. Despite labeling restrictions intended to minimize risks to nontarget organisms, concerns remain that environmental exposures to pesticides may be occurring at levels negatively impacting nontarget organisms. We used...
Near-term forecasts of stream temperature using deep learning and data assimilation in support of management decisions
Jacob Aaron Zwart, Samantha K. Oliver, William Watkins, Jeffrey Michael Sadler, Alison P. Appling, Hayley R. Corson-Dosch, Xiaowei Jia, Vipin Kumar, Jordan Read
2023, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (59) 317-337
Deep learning (DL) models are increasingly used to make accurate hindcasts of management-relevant variables, but they are less commonly used in forecasting applications. Data assimilation (DA) can be used for forecasts to leverage real-time observations, where the difference between model predictions and observations today is used to adjust the model...
Investigating effects of climate-induced changes in water temperature and diet on mercury concentrations in an Arctic freshwater forage fish
Sarah M. Laske, Samantha M. Burke, Michael P. Carey, Heidi K. Swanson, Christian E. Zimmerman
2023, Environmental Research (218)
The amount of mercury (Hg) in Arctic lake food webs is, and will continue to be, affected by rapid, ongoing climate change. At warmer temperatures, fish require more energy to sustain growth; changes in their metabolic rates and consuming prey with potentially higher Hg concentrations could result in increased Hg...
Revised age and regional correlations of Cenozoic strata on Bat Mountain, Death Valley region, California, USA, from zircon U-Pb geochronology of sandstones and ash-fall tuffs
Theresa Maude Schwartz, Amanda Souders, Jens-Erik Lundstern, Amy K. Gilmer, Ren A. Thompson
2023, Geosphere (19) 235-257
Basin analysis and tectonic reconstructions of the Cenozoic history of the Death Valley region, California, USA, are hindered by a lack of volcanic (tuff) age control in many stratigraphic successions exposed in the Grapevine and Funeral Mountains of California, USA. Although maximum depositional ages (MDAs) interpreted from detrital zircon U-Pb...
Sharing land via keystone structure: Retaining naturally regenerated trees may efficiently benefit birds in plantations
Yuichi Yamaura, Akira Unno, J. Andrew Royle
2023, Ecological Applications (33)
Meeting food/wood demands with increasing human population and per-capita consumption is a pressing conservation issue, and is often framed as a choice between land sparing and land sharing. Although most empirical studies comparing the efficacy of land sparing and sharing supported land sparing, land sharing may be more efficient if...
A genetic warning system for a hierarchically structured wildlife monitoring framework
Shawna J Zimmerman, Cameron L. Aldridge, Michael S. O’Donnell, David R. Edmunds, Peter S. Coates, Brian G. Prochazka, Jennifer A. Fike, Todd B. Cross, Bradley C. Fedy, Sara J. Oyler-McCance
2023, Ecological Applications (33)
Genetic variation is a well-known indicator of population fitness yet is not typically included in monitoring programs for sensitive species. Additionally, most programs monitor populations at one scale, which can lead to potential mismatches with ecological processes critical to species' conservation. Recently developed methods...
Estimating phosphorus retention capacity of flow-through wetlands
Song S. Qian, Kristi K. Arend, Stephen J Jacquemin, S. Mazeika Patricio Sullivan, Kurt P. Kowalski
2023, Ecological Engineering (187)
A Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach is introduced to pool data properly from multiple flow-through wetlands to estimate wetland-specific long-term phosphorus retention capacity. By pooling data from multiple wetlands, we overcome the difficulties in estimating the effectiveness of using constructed and...
Validation of earthquake ground-motion models in southern California, USA, using precariously balanced rocks
Anna H. Rood, Dylan Rood, Greg Balco, Peter J. Stafford, Lisa Grant Ludwig, Katherine J. Kendrick, Klaus Wilcken
2023, GSA Bulletin (135) 2179-2199
Accurate estimates of earthquake ground shaking rely on uncertain ground-motion models derived from limited instrumental recordings of historical earthquakes. A critical issue is that there is currently no method to empirically validate the resultant ground-motion estimates of these models at the timescale of rare, large earthquakes; this lack of validation...
Five year analyses of vegetation response to restoration using rock detention structures in southeastern Arizona, United States
Natalie R. Wilson, Laura M. Norman
2023, Environmental Management (71) 921-939
Rock detention structures (RDS) are used in restoration of riparian areas around the world. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of RDS installation on vegetation in terms of species abundance and composition. We present the results from 5 years of annual vegetation...
Wetland occupancy by duck broods in cropland-dominated landscapes of the United States Prairie Pothole Region
Blake J Mitchell, Catrina V Terry, Kevin M Ringelman, Kaylan M Kemink, Michael J. Anteau, Adam K. Janke
2023, Journal of Wildlife Management (87)
The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is globally important for breeding waterfowl but has been altered via wetland drainage and grassland conversion to accommodate agricultural land use. Thus, understanding the ecology of waterfowl in these highly modified landscapes is essential for their conservation. Brood occurrence is the...
Lava-ice interactions during historical eruptions of Veniaminof Volcano, Alaska and the potential for meltwater floods and lahars
Christopher F. Waythomas, Benjamin R Edwards, Thomas P Miller, Robert G. McGimsey
2023, Natural Hazards (115) 73-106
Veniaminof Volcano on the Alaska Peninsula of southwest Alaska is one of a small group of ice-clad volcanoes globally that erupts lava flows in the presence of glacier ice. Here, we describe the nature of lava-ice-snow interactions that have occurred during historical eruptions of the volcano since 1944. Lava flows...
Genetic architecture and evolution of color variation in American black bears
E. Puckett, I. S. Davis, D. C. Harper, K. Wakamatsu, G. Battu, J. L. Belant, D. E. Beyer, C. Carpenter, A. P. Crupi, M. Davidson, C. S. DePerno, N. Forman, N. L. Fowler, D. L. Garshelis, N. Gould, K. Gunther, Mark A. Haroldson, S. Ito, David. M Kocka, C. Lackey, R. Leahy, C. Lee-Roney, T. Lewis, A. Lutto, K. McGowan, C. Olfenbuttel, M. Orlando, A. Platt, M. D. Pollard, M. Ramaker, Heather Reich, Jaime L. Sajecki, S. K. Sell, J. Strules, S. Thompson, Frank T. van Manen, Craig Whitman, R. Williamson, F. Winslow, C. B. Kaelin, M. S. Marks, G. S. Barsh
2023, Current Biology (33) 86-97
Color variation is a frequent evolutionary substrate for camouflage in small mammals, but the underlying genetics and evolutionary forces that drive color variation in natural populations of large mammals are mostly unexplained. The American black bear, Ursus americanus (U. americanus), exhibits a range of colors including the cinnamon morph, which has a similar...
Spatial and temporal distribution of sinuous ridges in southeastern Terra Sabaea and the northern region of Hellas Planitia, Mars
Amber L. Gullikson, Ryan B. Anderson, Rebecca M.E. Williams
2023, Icarus (394)
Sinuous ridges are an important yet understudied component of Mars' hydrologic history. We have produced a map of sinuous ridges, valleys and channels, and tectonic ridges across southeastern Terra Sabaea and into northern Hellas Planitia (10°-45° S, 35°-80° E) using a CTX mosaic. Although we mapped different types of...
Disentangling direct and indirect effects of extreme events on coastal wetland communities
Courtney L. Davis, Susan E. Walls, William J. Barichivich, Mary Brown, David A.W. Miller
2023, Journal of Animal Ecology (92)
One of the primary ways in which climate change will impact coastal freshwater wetlands is through changes in the frequency, intensity, timing and distribution of extreme weather events. Disentangling the direct and indirect mechanisms of population- and community-level responses to extreme events is vital to predicting how species composition...
Understanding and modeling tephra transport: Lessons learned from the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
Larry G. Mastin, Steven Carey, Alexa R. Van Eaton, Julia Eychenne, Russell Sparks
2023, Bulletin of Volcanology (85)
Discoveries made during the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens advanced our understanding of tephra transport and deposition in fundamental ways. The eruption enabled detailed, quantitative observations of downwind cloud movement and particle sedimentation, along with the dynamics of co-pyroclastic-density current (PDC) clouds lofted...
Seasonal resource selection and movement ecology of free-ranging horses in the western United States
Kathryn A. Schoenecker, Saeideh Esmaelli, Sarah R. B. King
2023, Journal of Wildlife Management (87)
Understanding factors driving resource selection and habitat use of different species is an important component of management and conservation. Feral horses (Equus caballus) are free ranging across various vegetation types in the western United States, yet few studies have quantified their resource selection and...
Quantifying connectivity and its effects on sediment budgeting for an agricultural basin, Chesapeake Bay Watershed, United States
Zachary J. Clifton, Allen C. Gellis, Matthew J. Cashman, Michelle P. Katoski, Lucas A Nibert, Gregory E. Noe
2023, Hydrological Processes (36)
Excessive sediment runoff as a result of anthropogenic activities is a major concern for watershed ecologic health. This study sought to determine the sources, storage, and delivery of sediment using a sediment budget approach for the predominantly pasture and forested Smith Creek watershed, Virginia United States,...
Efficacy of bear spray as a deterrent against polar bears
James Wilder, Lindsey Mangipane, Todd C. Atwood, Anatoly A. Kochnev, Tom Smith, Dag Vongraven
2023, Wildlife Society Bulletin (47)
Although there have been few attempts to systematically analyze information on the use of deterrents on polar bears (Ursus maritimus), understanding their effectiveness in mitigating human-polar bear conflicts is critical to ensuring both human safety and polar bear conservation. To fill this knowledge gap, we analyzed...
Estimates of k0 and effects on ground motions in the San Francisco Bay area
Tara Nye, Valerie J. Sahakian, Elias King, Annemarie S. Baltay Sundstrom, Alexis Klimasewski
2023, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (113) 823-842
Ground‐motion studies are a key component of seismic hazard analyses and often rely on information of the source, path, and site. Extensive research has been done on each of these parameters; however, site‐specific studies are of particular interest to seismic hazard studies, especially in the field of earthquake engineering, as...
A regionally varying habitat model to inform management for greater sage-grouse persistence across their range
Gregory T. Wann, Nathan D. Van Schmidt, Jessica E. Shyvers, Bryan C. Tarbox, Megan M. McLachlan, Michael S. O’Donnell, Anthony J Titolo, Peter S. Coates, David R. Edmunds, Julie A. Heinrichs, Adrian P. Monroe, Cameron L. Aldridge
2023, Global Ecology and Conservation (41)
Identifying habitat needs for species with large distributions is challenging because species-habitat associations may vary across scales and regions (spatial nonstationarity). Furthermore, management efforts often cross jurisdictional boundaries, complicating the development of cohesive conservation strategies among management entities. The greater sage-grouse...
Modeling of historical and current distributions of lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae), is consistent with ancestral range recovery
Ilia Rochlin, Andrea Egizi, Howard Ginsberg
2023, Experimental and Applied Acarology (89) 85-103
The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum L., is a three-host hard tick notorious for aggressive feeding behavior. In the early to mid-20th century, this species’ range was mostly limited to the southern USA. Since the 1950s, A. americanum has been detected in many new localities in the western, northcentral, and northeastern regions of the...
