Sampling vadose-zone water for a volatile organic compound at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey
James A. Smith, H. Jean Cho, Peter R. Jaffe, Cecilia L. MacLeod, Susan A. Koehnlein
1992, Journal of Environmental Quality (21) 264-271
A new method of collecting samples of unsaturated-zone water for quantitative analysis for a volatile organic compound, trichloroethene (TCE), was compared to three other, previously described sampling methodologies in the laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory, prepared water samples containing TCE in a known concentration (20 µg/L) were...
Tensiometers: Theory, construction, and use
D.I. Stannard
1992, Geotechnical Testing Journal (15) 48-58
Standard tensiometers are used to measure matric potential as low as −870 cm of water in the unsaturated zone by creating a saturated hydraulic link between the soil water and a pressure sensor. The direction and, in some cases, quantity of water flux can be determined using multiple installations.A variety...
Survival of cackling Canada geese, 1982-1988
Dennis G. Raveling, James D. Nichols, James E. Hines, David S. Zezulak, Joseph G. Silveira, James C. Johnson, Thomas W. Aldrich, John A. Weldon
1992, Journal of Wildlife Management (56) 63-73
We estimated seasonal and annual survival rates of cackling Canada geese (Branta canadensis minima) for the period 1982-1989 to identify periods of high mortality and assess effects of harvest management decisions. We tested hypotheses about age- and sex specific variation in survival, seasonal variation in survival rates, and variation in...
Power of sign surveys to monitor population trend
Katherine C. Kendall, Lee H. Metzgar, David A. Patterson, Brian M. Steele
1992, Ecological Applications (2) 422-430
The urgent need for an effective monitoring scheme for grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations led us to investigate the effort required to detect changes in populations of low—density dispersed animals, using sign (mainly scats and tracks) they leave on trails. We surveyed trails in Glacier National Park for bear tracks...
Evaluation of the effects of candidate molluscicides on two nontarget bivalves
D. L. Waller, L. L. Marking, J.J. Rach
1992, Journal of Shellfish Research (11) 241
A variety of molluscicides have been proposed for use in control of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), but their effect on nontarget aquatic organisms has not been evaluated. Standard methods were adapted for assessing the toxicity of candidate molluscicides to two nontarget bivalves. Fingernail clams, Musculium transversum, and...
Molecular and genetic characterization of cytochrome oxidase negative Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
J.D. Teska, R. C. Cipriano, W. B. Schill
1992, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (28) 515-520
Cytochrome oxidase variants of the bacterial fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida, were characterized for genetic and molecular homology with cytochrome oxidase-positive isolates that typically induce furunculosis in salmonids. Protein and lipopolysaccharide moieties of the cytochrome oxidase-negative variants were similar to their typical counterparts, based on...
Data integration through region-based nominal filtering
Eugene A. Fosnight
1992, International Journal of Geographical Information Systems (6) 469-478
Resource models integrating disparate nominal or class grid-cell data can be implemented by using spatial filters. Most modelling procedures do not adequately handle noise created during the process of merging and integrating multiple grid-cell data sets. Data integration can be best accomplished in an environment where ready access to statistical...
Monitoring rangeland dynamics in Senegal with advanced very high resolution radiometer data
G. Gray Tappan, Dean J. Tyler, M. E. Wehde, Donald G. Moore
1992, Geocarto International (7) 87-98
Time‐series Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, computed from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data, are being used by regional and national programs in the African Sahel to monitor seasonal rangeland conditions. The data are often used as indicators of grazing conditions and drought. However, distinguishing rangelands from other vegetation...
Land cover mapping of the Upper Kuskokwim Resource Management Area, Alaska, using Landsat and a digital data base approach
Carl Markon
1992, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing (18) 62-71
Digital land cover and terrain data for the Upper Kuskokwim Resource Management Area in south-central Alaska were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. These and other environmental data were incorporated into a digital data base to assist in the production of a land...
Landsat thematic mapper products for rangeland assessment
Robert H. Haas
1992, Geocarto International (7) 27-33
Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data are useful for mapping rangeland resources worldwide. Spatial resolution and spectral characteristics of the data are adequate for performing a variety of range‐related tasks, including monitoring ecological change. The unique spectral characteristics of TM data are important in the development of products for manual interpretation...
An aeromagnetic survey over the northwestern Ross Ice Shelf and the McMurdo Sound area
Detlef Damaske, Uwe Meyer, Anne E. McCafferty, John Behrendt, Herbert Hoppe
1992, Polarforschung (60) 152-156
As part of the expedition GANOVEX VI 1990/91, the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) carried out an airborne magnetic survey over the northwestern Ross Ice Shelf and McMurdo Sound between Ross Island,...
Predicting sizes of undiscovered mineral deposits; an example using mercury deposits in California
C. F. Chung, Donald A. Singer, W. David Menzie
1992, Economic Geology (87) 1174-1179
A critical part of the exploration for mineral deposits or of quantitative mineral resource assessments is the estimation of how large undiscoveredeposits might be. Typically, this problem is addressed using grade and tonnage models in which a major source of variation in possible sizes is accounted for by the differences...
Evaluation of terrain models for the geocoding and terrain correction, of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images
C. E. Wivell, Daniel R. Steinwand, G. G. Kelly, D. J. Meyer
1992, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (30) 1137-1144
The variability of the resolutions and the presence of artifacts cause inaccurate correction of the terrain-induced geometric distortions in synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images. To quantify the effects of these inaccuracies on SAR terrain correction, corrections of a Seasat SAR image were performed using a 1 degrees US Geological Survey (USGS)...
Combining remote sensing techniques with simulation modelling for assessing rangeland resources
J. D. Hanson, G.L. Anderson, R. H. Haas
1992, Geocarto International (7) 99-104
Simulation modelling and remote sensing techniques can be used to describe ecological processes. When used together, these tools can increase our understanding of the spatial variability of ecosystems. Remotely sensed data can be combined with simulation models for predicting the accumulation of plant biomass, as surrogate variables within the models,...
Destriping of Landsat MSS images by filtering techniques
Jeng-Jong Pan, Chein-I Chang
1992, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (58) 1417-1423
The removal of striping noise encountered in the Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images can be generally done by using frequency filtering techniques. Frequency domain filtering has, however, several problems, such as storage limitation of data required for fast Fourier transforms, ringing artifacts appearing at high-intensity discontinuities, and edge effects between...
The 1990 conterminous U. S. AVHRR data set
Jeffery C. Eidenshink
1992, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (58) 809-813
The U.S. Geological Survey, using NOAA-ll Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 1-km data, has produced a time series of 19 biweekly maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDV!) composites of the conterminous United States for the 1990 growing season. Each biweekly composite included data from approximately 20 calibrated and georegistered...
Recorded seismic response of Pacific Park Plaza. II. System identification
F. Safak, M. Çelebi
1992, Journal of Structural Engineering (118) 1566-1589
This is the second of two companion papers on the recorded seismic response of the Pacific Park Plaza building, in Emeryville, Calif., during the October 17, 1989, Ms = 7.1 (surface-wave magnitude) Loma Prieta earthquake. In this second part, the recorded data are analyzed in more detail by using system-identification...
Methanogenic degradation kinetics of phenolic compounds in aquifer-derived microcosms
E.M. Godsy, D.F. Goerlitz, D. Grbic-Galic
1992, Biodegradation (2) 211-221
In this segment of a larger multidisciplinary study of the movement and fate of creosote derived compounds in a sand-and-gravel aquifer, we present evidence that the methanogenic degradation of the major biodegradable phenolic compounds and concomitant microbial growth in batch microcosms derived from contaminated aquifer material can be described...
Sulfur isotopic disequilibrium and fluid-rock interaction during metamorphism of sulfidic black shales from the Waterville-Augusta area, Maine, USA
N.H.S. Oliver, T.C. Hoering, T.W. Johnson, D. Rumble III, Wayne C. Shanks III
1992, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (56) 4257-4265
Sulfur isotope ratios of pyrite (py) and pyrrhotite (po) from regionally metamorphosed graphitic sulfidic schists and related rocks from south-central Maine, USA, were analysed using SO2 and SF6 techniques. There is a broad range in δ34S values for both pyrite and pyrrhotite at most outcrops, up to 8%. and overall the values...
Development of spatial data guidelines and standards: spatial data set documentation to support hydrologic analysis in the U.S. Geological Survey
James L. Fulton
1992, Conference Paper, ASTM Special Technical Publication
Spatial data analysis has become an integral component in many surface and sub-surface hydrologic investigations within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Currently, one of the largest costs in applying spatial data analysis is the cost of developing the needed spatial data. Therefore, guidelines and standards are required for the development...
Use of D-C resistivity to map saline ground water
Christina L. Stamos, Steven K. Predmore, Adel A. R. Zohdy
1992, Book, Irrigation and Drainage: Saving a Threatened Resource - In Search of Solutions, Proceedings of the Irrigation and Drainage Sessions at Water Forum '92
It has been estimated in previous studies that 23 square miles of the Oxnard aquifer, a member of a multi-layered aquifer system beneath the Oxnard plain in Ventura County, California, has been contaminated as a result of seawater intrusion. To investigate this and other potential sources of saline water, a...
Radiocarbon dating of groundwater in a confined aquifer in southeast Arizona
F. N. Robertson
1992, Radiocarbon (34) 664-676
Radiocarbon, δ13C and major-element data were used to construct a geochemical framework for interpretation of the hydrological flow system in the lower San Pedro basin, southeastern Arizona, USA. The 14C and major-element data show a regional confined aquifer that extends throughout most of the basin. Groundwater ages, after correcting...
Rhenium-osmium isotope systematics in meteorites I: Magmatic iron meteorite groups IIAB and IIIAB
J. W. Morgan, R.J. Walker, J. N. Grossman
1992, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (108) 191-202
Using resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS), Re and Os abundances were determined by isotope dilution (ID) and 187Os/186Os ratios measured in nineteen iron meteorites: eight from group IIAB, ten from group IIIAB, and Treysa (IIIB anomalous). Abundances range from 1.4 to 4800...
Residence times in river basins as determined by analysis of long-term tritium records
R. L. Michel
1992, Journal of Hydrology (130) 367-378
The US Geological Survey has maintained a network of stations to collect samples for the measurement of tritium concentrations in precipitation and streamflow since the early 1960s. Tritium data from outflow waters of river basins draining 4500–75000 km2 are used to determine average residence times of water within the basins. The...
Two-dimensional circulation modeling of the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina
G. L. Giese, Jerad Bales
1992, Conference Paper
A two dimensional, vertically averaged, unsteady flow model was applied to a 50- kilometer reach of the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina. The model computational grid, which consists of about 16,000 square cells, each 200 meters on a side, was developed from more than one million depth soundings. Information from...
