Radarclinometry of the Earth and Venus from space-shuttle and Venera-15 imagery
R.L. Wildey
1990, Earth, Moon and Planets (48) 197-231
The project to develop a line-integral approach to 2-dimensional radarclinometry and to bring it to the status of producing topographic maps from real radar images has been concluded. The final developments of the theory itself have involved a trial-and-error resolution of the curvature decision process at each integration step over...
Kinetically influenced terms for solute transport affected by heterogeneous and homogeneous classical reactions
Jean M. Bahr
1990, Water Resources Research (26) 21-34
Simulation of transport affected by heterogeneous or homogeneous reversible reactions requires a choice between local equilibrium-based and kinetics-based models. The error associated with the use of equilibrium-based models is equivalent to the error of neglecting certain mathematical terms in the governing kinetics-based transport equations. Identification and evaluation of these kinetically...
Instantaneous and daily values of the surface energy balance over agricultural fields using remote sensing and a reference field in an arid environment
William P. Kustas, M. S. Moran, R. D. Jackson, L. W. Gay, L.F.W. Duell, K. E. Kunkel, A.D. Matthias
1990, Remote Sensing of Environment (32) 125-141
Remotely sensed surface temperature and reflectance in the visible and near infrared wavebands along with ancilliary meteorological data provide the capability of computing three of the four surface energy balance components (i.e., net radiation, soil heat flux, and sensible heat flux) at different spatial and temporal scales. As a result,...
Organic matter in hydrothermal metal ores and hydrothermal fluids
W. H. Orem, E.C. Spiker, R. K. Kotra
1990, Applied Geochemistry (5) 125-134
Massive polymetallic sulfides are currently being deposited around active submarine hydrothermal vents associated with spreading centers. Chemoautolithotrophic bacteria are responsible for the high production of organic matter also associated with modern submarine hydrothermal activity. Thus, there is a significant potential for...
Multivariate statistical analysis of stream-sediment geochemistry in the Grazer Paläozoikum, Austria
L. Weber, J.C. Davis
1990, Mineralium Deposita (25) 213-220
The Austrian reconnaissance study of stream-sediment composition — more than 30000 clay-fraction samples collected over an area of 40000 km2 — is summarized in an atlas of regional maps that show the distributions of 35 elements. These maps, rich in information, reveal complicated patterns of element abundance that are difficult...
Disseminated flake graphite and amorphous graphite deposit types. An analysis using grade and tonnage models
David M. Sutphin, James D. Bliss
1990, CIM Bulletin (83) 85-89
On the basis of differences derived from genetic, descriptive, and grade-tonnage data, graphite deposits are classified here into three deposit types: disseminated flake, amorphous (microcrystalline), or graphite veins. Descriptive models have been constructed for each of these deposit types, and grade-tonnage models are constructed for disseminated flake and amorphous deposit...
Determination of total tin in silicate rocks by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
H.N. Elsheimer, T. L. Fries
1990, Analytica Chimica Acta (239) 145-149
A method is described for the determination of total tin in silicate rocks utilizing a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer with a stabilized-temperature platform furnace and Zeeman-effect background correction. The sample is decomposed by lithium metaborate fusion (3 + 1) in graphite crucibles with the melt being dissolved in 7.5%...
Fast algorithm for automatically computing Strahler stream order
Kenneth J. Lanfear
1990, Water Resources Bulletin (26) 977-981
An efficient algorithm was developed to determine Strahler stream order for segments of stream networks represented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The algorithm correctly assigns Strahler stream order in topologically complex situations such as braided streams and multiple drainage outlets. Execution time varies nearly linearly with the number of...
A new tree-ring date for the "floating island" lava flow, Mount St. Helens, Washington
D.K. Yamaguchi, R. Hoblitt, D.B. Lawrence
1990, Bulletin of Volcanology (52) 545-550
Anomalously narrow and missing rings in trees 12 m from Mount St. Helens' "floating island" lava flow, and synchronous growth increases in trees farther from the flow margin, are evidence that this andesitic flow was extruded between late summer 1799 and spring 1800 a.d., within a few months after the...
Thermodynamics of open networks: Ordering and entropy in NaAlSiO4 glass, liquid, and polymorphs
P. Richet, R. A. Robie, J. Rogez, B. S. Hemingway, P. Courtial, C. Tequi
1990, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals (17) 385-394
The thermodynamic properties of carnegieite and NaAlSiO4 glass and liquid have been investigated through Cp determinations from 10 to 1800 K and solution-calorimetry measurements. The relative entropies S298-S0 of carnegieite and NaAlSiO4 glass are 118.7 and 124.8 J/mol K, respectively. The low-high carnegieite transition has been observed at 966 K...
Teleseismic tomography of the compressional wave velocity structure beneath the Long Valley region, California
P.B. Dawson, J.R. Evans, H. M. Iyer
1990, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (95) 11021-11050
In 1982 and 1984 the U.S. Geological Survey used several seismic networks, totaling over 90 stations, to record teleseismic P waves and measure travel time residuals in an area centered on the Long Valley caldera. We inverted the travel time residuals to obtain a three-dimensional image of the velocity structure with resolution...
An investigation of spectral change as influenced by irrigation and evapotranspiration volume estimation in western Nebraska
P. M. Seevers, F.C. Sadowski, D. T. Lauer
1990, Climatic Change (17) 265-285
Retrospective satellite image data were evaluated for their ability to demonstrate the influence of center-pivot irrigation development in western Nebraska on spectral change and climate-related factors for the region. Periodic images of an albedo index and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were generated from calibrated Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS)...
A tomographic glimpse of the upper mantle source of magmas of the Jemez lineament, New Mexico
W. Spence, R.S. Gross
1990, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (95) 10829-10849
The 800-km-long Jemez lineament is the most active volcanic feature in the southwestern United States. It is the southeastern tectonic boundary of the Colorado Plateau and crosses the Rio Grande rift at the Jemez Mountains. The primary volcanism of the lineament is basaltic and has occurred in the last 4.5...
Natural sources of greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide emissions from volcanoes
Terrence Gerlach
1990, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Volcanic degassing of carbon dioxide plays an important role in keeping the atmosphere-ocean portion of the carbon geochemical cycle in balance. The atmosphere-ocean carbon deficit requires replenishment of 6??1012 mol CO2/yr, and places an upper limit on the output of carbon dioxide from volcanoes. The CO2 output of the global...
Recent uplift and hydrothermal activity at Tangkuban Parahu volcano, west Java, Indonesia
J. Dvorak, J. Matahelumual, A.T. Okamura, H. Said, T. J. Casadevall, D. Mulyadi
1990, Bulletin of Volcanology (53) 20-28
Tangkuban Parahu is an active stratovolcano located 17 km north of the city of Bandung in the province west Java, Indonesia. All historical eruptive activity at this volcano has been confined to a complex of explosive summit craters. About a dozen eruptions-mostly phreatic events- and 15 other periods of unrest,...
Comparison of Darcian flow in corresponding flat and folded surfaces
Emanuel Weiss
1990, Water Resources Research (26) 1775-1785
Folds of aquifers are rarely accounted for in models of groundwater flow. To account for aquifer folds in groundwater flow models, the equation describing Darcian flow in a general surface is derived. The equation is used to calculate steady state hydraulic head distributions for corresponding folded and flat surfaces. Each...
Paleomagnetic rotations and the Cenozoic tectonics of the Cascade Arc, Washington, Oregon, and California
R.E. Wells
1990, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (95) 19409-19417
Paleomagnetic results from Cenozoic (62–12 Ma) volcanic rocks of the Cascade arc and adjacent areas indicate that moderate to large clockwise rotations are an important component of the tectonic history of the arc. Two mechanisms of rotation are suggested by the regional pattern of paleomagnetic rotations. The progressive increase in...
Modeling electrostatic and heterogeneity effects on proton dissociation from humic substances
E. Tipping, M.M. Reddy, M.A. Hurley
1990, Environmental Science & Technology (24) 1700-1705
No abstract available....
Actinide abundances in ordinary chondrites
B. Hagee, T.J. Bernatowicz, F.A. Podosek, M.L. Johnson, D.S. Burnett, M. Tatsumoto
1990, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (54) 2847-2858
Measurements of 244Pu fission Xe, U, Th, and light REE (LREE) abundances, along with modal petrographic determinations of phosphate abundances, were carried out on equilibrated ordinary chondrites in order to define better the solar system Pu abundance and to determine the degree of variation of actinide and LREE abundances. Our data...
Structural evidence for northeastward movement on the Chocolate Mountains Thrust, southeasternmost California
J. T. Dillon, G. B. Haxel, R. M. Tosdal
1990, Journal of Geophysical Research (95) 19953-19971
The Late Cretaceous Chocolate Mountains thrust of southeastern California and southwestern Arizona places a block of Proterozoic and Mesozoic continental crust over the late Mesozoic continental margin oceanic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the regionally distinctive Orocopia Schist. The Chocolate Mountains thrust is interpreted as a thrust (burial, subduction) fault...
An operational earth mapping and monitoring satellite system: a proposal for Landsat 7
A. P. Colvocoresses
1990, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (56) 569-571
The system proposed will monitor the Earth in a systematic and multispectral mode with a resolution of 10 m or better. In addition, it will acquire stereoscopic coverage in a form that permits the automated compilation of topographic data and digital elevation models. Image maps of 1:50 000 or even...
Peridinialean dinoflagellate plate patterns, labels and homologies
Lucy E. Edwards
1990, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (65) 293-303
Tabulation patterns for peridinialean dinoflagellate thecae and cysts have been traditionally expressed using a plate labelling system described by C.A. Kofoid in the early 1900's. This system can obscure dinoflagellate plate homologies and has not always been strictly applied. The plate-labelling system presented here introduces new series labels but incorporates...
Climate factor for small-basin flood frequency
R.W. Lichty, M.R. Karlinger
1990, Water Resources Bulletin (26) 577-586
A climate factor, CT, (T = 2-, 25-, and 100-year recurrence intervals) that delineates regional trends in small-basin flood frequency was derived using data from 71 long-term rainfall record sites. Values of CT at these sites were developed by a regression analysis that related rainfall-runoff model estimates of T-year floods...
Modern configuration of the southwest Florida carbonate slope: Development by shelf margin progradation
G. R. Brooks, C. W. Holmes
1990, Marine Geology (94) 301-315
Depositional patterns and sedimentary processes influencing modern southwest Florida carbonate slope development have been identified based upon slope morphology, seismic facies and surface sediment characteristics. Three slope-parallel zones have been identified: (1) an upper slope progradational zone (100–500 m) characterized by...
Paleoclimatic implications of the high stand of Lake Lahontan derived from models of evaporation and lake level
S. Hostetler, L. V. Benson
1990, Climate Dynamics (4) 207-217
Based on previous climate model simulations of a split of the polar jet stream during the late Pleistocene, we hypothesize that (1) 20-13.5 ka BP, season-to-season variation in the latitudinal maximum of the jet stream core led to enhanced wetness in the Great Basin, and (2) after 13.5 ka BP,...
