Recent developments in hydrologic instrumentation
Vito J. Latkovich, James C. Futrell II
Douglas L. Kane, editor(s)
1986, American Water Resources Association Technical Publication Series 86-1
The programs of the U.S. Geological Survey require instrumentation for collecting and monitoring hydrologic data in cold regions. The availability of space-age materials and implementation of modern electronics and mechanics is making possible the recent developments of hydrologic instrumentation, especially in the area of measuring streamflow under ice cover. Material...
Influence of nutrients on feed intake and condition of captive canvasbacks in winter
Matthew C. Perry, Wayne J. Kuenzel, Byron K. Williams, John A. Serafin
1986, Journal of Wildlife Management (50) 427-434
Dramatic changes in the food habits and distribution of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) in Chesapeake Bay during the 1970's generated a need to evaluate the nutritional value of food items and the requirements of this species on its wintering grounds. Groups of captive canvasbacks were maintained ad libitum on 5 diets...
An inverse method using toroidal mode data
C. Willis
1986, Inverse Problems (2) 111-130
The author presents a numerical method for calculating the density and S-wave velocity in the upper mantle of a spherically symmetric, non-rotating Earth which consists of a perfect elastic, isotropic material. The data comes from the periods of the toroidal oscillations. She tests the method...
Does pH affect fish species richness when lake area is considered?
P.J. Rago, J.G. Wiener
1986, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (115) 438-447
Numerous surveys have shown that fish species richness (number of species) is positively correlated with lake pH. However, species richness of fish communities is also correlated with lake size, and low‐pH lakes are often small. Thus, conclusions drawn from examination of fish community structure relative to spatial...
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: Protocol for a standard challenge to brook trout
P. E. McAllister, W. J. Owens
1986, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (115) 466-470
A protocol for experimental challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus was defined with brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis as the model species. Fish were exposed by immersion for 5 h in water containing IPN virus at a concentration of 105 plaque‐forming units per milliliter. We propose the protocol as a standard...
Decrease in deformation rate observed by two-color laser ranging in Long Valley caldera
Mark F. Linker, J. O. Langbein, Art McGarr
1986, Science (232) 213-216
After the January 1983 earthquake swarm, the last period of notable seismicity, the rapid rate of deformation of the south moat and resurgent dome of the Long Valley caldera diminished. Frequently repeated two-color laser ranging measurements made within a geodetic network in the caldera during the interval June 1983 to...
Cavity-nesting birds and the cavity-tree resource in plains cottonwood bottomlands
James A. Sedgwick, Fritz L. Knopf
1986, Journal of Wildlife Management (50) 247-252
Densities of, and potential nesting substrates for, cavity-nesting birds were examined in a mature plains cottonwood (Populus sargentii) community in northeastern Colorado. Although snag (dead tree) densities were low (0.66/ha), the cavity-nesting guild included 7 species with densities ≤ 463 birds/100 ha. This finding suggests that cavity nesters...
Parasitization of meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus (ORD), by American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and adult tick movement during high host density
J. F. Carroll, J.D. Nichols
1986, Journal of Entomological Science (21) 102-113
The numbers of host-seeking adult American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), in a sweet gum field in Maryland reflected changes in the population density of a host species, the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord), which within 1.5 yr fell from an estimated 157 to 8 voles on a 0.8 ha grid. During high vole...
Crustal structure of Oaxaca, Mexico, from seismic refraction measurements
C.M. Valdes, Walter D. Mooney, S.K. Singh, C. Lomnitz, James H. Luetgert, C.E. Helsley, B.T.R. Lewis, M. Mena
1986, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (76) 547-563
Seismic refraction and gravity data have been analyzed to obtain a model of the compressional-wave velocity structure of the ocean-to-continent transition in the State of Oaxaca in southwestern Mexico. Crustal thickness on the continent at the latitude 18°N is 45 ± 4 km, based on reflected phases from the Moho...
Physiological condition of autumn-banded mallards and its relationship to hunting vulnerability
Gary R. Hepp, Robert J. Blohm, Robert E. Reynolds, James E. Hines, James D. Nichols
1986, Journal of Wildlife Management (50) 177-183
An important topic of waterfowl ecology concerns the relationship between the physiological condition of ducks during the nonbreeding season and fitness, i.e., survival and future reproductive success. We investigated this subject using direct band recovery records of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) banded in autumn (1 Oct-15 Dec) 1981-83 in the Mississippi...
Groundwater transport of strontium 90 in a glacial outwash environment
Kenneth L. Kipp Jr., Kenneth G. Stollenwerk, David B. Grove
1986, Water Resources Research (22) 519-530
As part of the investigation of groundwater contamination at a uranium-scrap recovery plant at Wood River Junction, Rhode Island, laboratory experiments led to the development of a model for predicting the transport of strontium 90 in glacial outwash sediments based on an approximate mechanism for ion exchange. The multicomponent system...
Sediment transport simulation in an armoured stream
Robert T. Milhous, Jeffrey B. Bradley, Cindy L. Loeffler
1986, Book, Proceedings of the Fourth Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference
Improved methods of calculating bed material stability and transport must be developed for a gravel bed stream having an armoured surface in order to use the HEC-6 model to examine channel change. Good possibilities exist for use of a two layer model based on the Schoklitsch and the Einstein-Brown...
The application of habitat modeling to the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)
Melvin L. Schamberger, Frederick B. Turner
1986, Herpetologica (42) 134-138
Habitat modeling offers an approach to understanding some management problems of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) and to focusing new research efforts. Modeling can provide (1) a method to organize existing information, (2) a means to identify whether physical habitat or some factor outside the scope of the habitat model...
Predictive accuracy of a ground-water model--Lessons from a postaudit
Leonard F. Konikow
1986, Groundwater (24) 173-184
Hydrogeologic studies commonly include the development, calibration, and application of a deterministic simulation model. To help assess the value of using such models to make predictions, a postaudit was conducted on a previously studied area in the Salt River and lower Santa Cruz River basins in central Arizona. A deterministic,...
Modeling contamination of shallow unconfined aquifers through infiltration beds
D.W. Ostendorf
1986, Water Resources Research (22) 375-382
We model the transport of a simply reactive contaminant through an infiltration bed and underlying shallow, one-dimensional, unconfined aquifer with a plane, steeply sloping bottom in the assumed absence of dispersion and downgradient dilution. The effluent discharge and ambient groundwater flow under the infiltration beds are presumed to form a...
Kovats and lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest
Colleen E. Rostad, Wilfred E. Pereira
1986, Journal of Separation Science (9) 328-334
Retention indices of standard organic compounds of environmental interest were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, using a DB‐5 fused‐silica capillary column. Retention indices are useful references for tentative compound identification by gas chromatography, or confirmation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. They provide elution order for isomers that...
Strain accumulation in the Shumagin and Yakataga seismic gaps, Alaska
J.C. Savage, M. Lisowski, W.H. Prescott
1986, Science (231) 585-587
Strain accumulation during the 1980-85 interval has been measured by means of trilateration surveys in the Shumagin and Yakataga seismic gaps, which are the two regions identified as the most likely sites for the next great thrust earthquakes along the Alaska-Aleutian arc. No significant strain accumulation was detected in the...
Depletion of 13C in Cretaceous marine organic matter: Source, diagenetic, or environmental sigal?
Walter E. Dean, Michael A. Arthur, George E. Claypool
1986, Marine Geology (70) 119-157
Geochemical studies of Cretaceous strata rich in organic carbon (OC) from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) sites and several land sections reveal several consistent relationships among amount of OC, hydrocarbon generating potential of kerogen (measured by pyrolysis as the hydrogen index, HI), and the isotopic composition of the OC. First,...
Identification of solute loading sources to a surface stream
R. L. Rittmaster, D. K. Mueller
1986, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (22) 81-89
A study was performed to identify sources of solute loading to the Dirty Devil River and its major tributaries, in southeastern Utah. A primary goal was to determine the contribution of gypsum dissolution to total dissolved solids concentration, and its potential increase in the future if salinity...
Late Neogene and Quaternary coarse-fraction and carbonate stratigraphies for Site 586 on Ontong-Java Plateau and Site 591 on Lord Howe Rise
J. V. Gardner, Walter E. Dean, Lynne Bisagno, Eileen Hemphill-Haley
1986, Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P. (90) 1020-1124
Carbonate oozes recovered by hydraulic piston coring at DSDP Site 586 on Ontong-Java Plateau and Site 591 on Lord Howe Rise have carbonate contents that are consistently higher than 90% with only minor variations. Consequently, paleoceanographic signals were not recorded in detail in the carbonate contents. However, mass accumulation rates...
Unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion: 1. Theoretical dynamics and the steady datum state
Richard M. Iverson
1986, Journal of Geology (94) 1-15
Unsteady, nonuniform motion of persistently active landslides is a process of widespread importance. A general, three-dimensional theory aimed at elucidating this process is developed from physical principles and field measurements of landslide behavior. The theory employs a versatile constitutive model that represents...
Denning of grizzly bears in the Yellowstone National Park area
Steven L. Judd, Richard R. Knight, Bonnie M. Blanchard
1986, Bears: Their Biology and Management (6) 111-117
Radiotelemetry was used to locate 101 grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) dens from 1975 to 1980; 35 dens were examined on the ground. Pregnant females denned in late October, and most other bears denned by mid-November. Duration of denning average 113, 132, and 170 days for males, females, and...
Origin of the Mariano Lake uranium deposit, McKinley County, New Mexico
Neil S. Fishman, Richard L. Reynolds
1986, Book chapter, A basin analysis case study: The Morrison Formation, Grants Uranium Region, New Mexico
The Mariano Lake uranium deposit, hosted by the Brushy Basin Member of the Jurassic Morrison Formation, occurs in the Smith Lake district of the Grants uranium region, New Mexico. The orebody, contains abundant amorphous organic material, which suggests that it represents a primary-type deposit; however, the orebody is...
Vegetation and soil recovery in wilderness campsites closed to visitor use
Thomas J. Stohlgren, David J. Parsons
1986, Environmental Management (10) 375-380
Recreational use of wilderness results in impacts to vegetation and soil in trails and campsites. Traditionally, campsite impact studies have compared campsites receiving various levels of use with unused control areas. Field studies in Sequoia National Park, California, indicate that the degree of impact to vegetation and soils also varies...
Grizzly bear habitat research in Glacier National Park, Montana
C.J. Martinka, K.C. Kendall
1986, Book, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report Proceedings: Grizzly Bear Habitat Symposium
Grizzly bear habitat research began in 1967 and is continuing in Glacier National Park, MT. Direct observations and fecal analysis revealed a relatively definable pattern of habitat use by the bears. Habitat data were subsequently used to develop management models and explore the relationships between grizzlies and park...
