Mechanical and chemical compaction in fine-grained shallow-water limestones
E.A. Shinn, D.M. Robbin
1983, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (53) 595-618
Artificial compaction of in-situ cores of sediments resulted in: 1) reduction of sediment thickness by 50 percent and more; 2) reduction of initial porosities of 65 to 75 percent to 35 to 45 percent; 3) creation of megascopic textures almost identical to many...
The use of MAGSAT data to determine secular variation
J.C. Cain, J. Frayser, L. Muth, D. Schmitz
1983, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (88) 5903-5910
A combined spatial and secular variation model of the geomagnetic field, labeled M061581, is derived from a selection of Magsat data. Secular variation (SV) data computed from linear fits to midnight hourly values from 19 magnetic observatories were also included in the analysis but were seen to have little effect...
Major and trace elements in Mahogany zone oil shale in two cores from the Green River Formation, piceance basin, Colorado
M. L. Tuttle, W.E. Dean, N. L. Parduhn
1983, Conference Paper, Preprints Symposia
The Parachute Creek Member of the lacustrine Green River Formation contains thick sequences of rich oil-shale. The richest sequence and the richest oil-shale bed occurring in the member are called the Mahogany zone and the Mahogany bed, respectively, and were deposited in ancient Lake Uinta. The name "Mahogany" is derived...
A strategy for mineral and energy resource independence
W. D. Carter
1983, Advances in Space Research (3) 223-236
Data acquired by Landsats 1, 2, and 3, are beginning to provide the information on which an improved mineral and energy resource exploration strategy can be based. Landsat 4 is expected to augment this capability with its higher resolution (30 m) and additional spectral bands in the Thematic Mapper (TM)...
Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska
T. Hudson, Joseph G. Arth
1983, Geological Society of America Bulletin (94) 768-790
Seven granite plutons, spatially and genetically related to tin metalization, are exposed in a 170-km-long belt across northwestern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. These plutons are cupolas and epizonal composite stocks that consist of several textural varieties of biotite granite, including medium- to coarse-grained seriate...
Statistical averaging of marine magnetic anomalies and the aging of oceanic crust
R.J. Blakely
1983, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (88) 2289-2296
Visual comparison of Mesozoic and Cenozoic magnetic anomalies in the North Pacific suggests that older anomalies contain less short-wavelength information than younger anomalies in this area. To test this observation, magnetic profiles from the North Pacific are examined from crust of three ages: 0–2.1, 29.3–33.1, and 64.9–70.3 m.y, B.P. For...
Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream: A transient storage model
Kenneth E. Bencala, Roy A. Walters
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 718-724
The physical characteristics of mountain streams differ from the uniform and conceptually well- defined open channels for which the analysis of solute transport has been oriented in the past and is now well understood. These physical conditions significantly influence solute transport behavior, as demonstrated by a transient storage model simulation...
VARIATIONS IN MINERAL MATTER CONTENT OF A PEAT DEPOSIT IN MAINE RESTING ON GLACIO-MARINE SEDIMENTS.
Cornelia C. Cameron, Paul Schruben
1983, Conference Paper, Los Alamos National Laboratory (Report) LA
The Great Heath, Washington County, Maine, is an excellent example of a multidomed ombrotrophic peatland resting on a gently undulating surface of glacio-marine sediments and towering above modern streams. A comprehensive study sponsored by the Geological Survey of Maine in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey included preparation of...
Atomic-absorption determination of mercury in geological materials by flame and carbon-rod atomisation after solvent extraction and using co-extracted silver as a matrix modifier
R. F. Sanzolone, T. T. Chao
1983, The Analyst (108) 58-63
Based on modifications and expansion of the original Tindall's solvent extraction flame atomic-absorption procedure, an atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of mercury in geological materials. The sample is digested with nitric and hydrochloric acids in a boiling water-bath. The solution is made ammoniacal and potassium iodide...
Modeling of self-potential anomalies near vertical dikes
D.V. Fitterman
1983, Geophysics (48) 171-180
The self-potential (SP) Green's function for an outcropping vertical dike is derived from solutions for the dc resistivity problem for the same geometry. The Green's functions are numerically integrated over rectangular source regions on the contacts between the dike and the surrounding material to obtain the SP anomaly. The analysis...
Relationship of two lacustrine ostracode species to solute composition and salinity: Implications for paleohydrochemistry ( Limnocythere sappaensis/staplini)
R. M. Forester
1983, Geology (11) 435-438
Nonmarine ostracode species are indicative of the physical and chemical nature of lacustrine environments. Although salinity has traditionally been regarded as one of the more important parameters that affect the occurrence patterns of lacustrine ostracodes, examination of the solute composition and salinities of...
Nd and Sr isotopic studies on cenozoic mafic lavas from West Antarctica: Another source for continental alkali basalts
K. Futa, W.E. Le Masurier
1983, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (83) 38-44
The Nd and Sr isotopic ratios on a suite of continental alkali basalts from Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica, define a change in the source over the range of K/Ar dates between 1 and 28 m.y. ago. The 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios (0.7026 to 0.7031) are unusually low for continental alkali...
Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range
J. E. Costa
1983, Geological Society of America Bulletin (94) 986-1004
Nine watersheds in the Colorado Front Range with steep bedrock channels were used to test the accuracy of paleohydraulic reconstruction of large flash floods using boulder deposits. The nine basins consist of eight small ungauged basins ranging in size from 1.6 to 29...
Kinetic analysis of strontium and potassium sorption onto sands and gravels in a natural channel
Kenneth E. Bencala, Alan P. Jackman, Vance C. Kennedy, Ronald J. Avanzino, Gary W. Zellweger
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 725-731
A kinetic, first-order mass transfer model was used to describe the sorption of strontium onto sand- and gravel-sized streambed sediments. Rate parameters, empirically determined for strontium, allowed for the prediction of potassium sorption with moderate success. The model parameters varied significantly with particle size. The sorption data were collected during...
Development of reaction models for ground-water systems
Niel Plummer, D.L. Parkhurst, D.C. Thorstenson
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 665-685
Methods are described for developing geochemical reaction models from the observed chemical compositions of ground water along a hydrologic flow path. The roles of thermodynamic speciation programs, mass balance calculations, and reaction-path simulations in developing and testing reaction models are contrasted. Electron transfer is included in the mass balance equations...
CHEMICAL STRUCTURES IN COAL: GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF MIXED STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS.
Patrick G. Hatcher, Irving A. Breger, G.E. Maciel, N.M. Szeverenyi
1983, Conference Paper
The purpose of this paper is to summarize work on the chemical structural components of coal, comparing them with their possible plant precursors in modern peat. Solid-state **1**3C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis and, in some cases, individual compound analyses formed the bases for these comparisons....
Diatom evidence on Wisconsin and Holocene events in the Bering Sea
C. Sancetta, S.W. Robinson
1983, Quaternary Research (20) 232-245
Previous work on surface (modern) sediments has defined diatom species which appear to be good indicators of various oceanographic/ecologic conditions in the North Pacific Ocean and marginal seas. Three long cores from the eastern and northern sides of the Aleutian Basin show changes in species assemblage which can be interpreted...
40Ar/39Ar and U-Th-Pb dating of separated clasts from the Abee E4 chondrite
D.D. Bogard, D.M. Unruh, M. Tatsumoto
1983, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (62) 132-146
Determinations of40Ar/39Ar and U-Th-Pb are reported for three clasts from the Abee (E4) enstatite chondrite, which has been the object of extensive consortium investigations. The clasts give40Ar/39Ar plateau ages and/or maximum ages of 4.5 Gy, whereas two of the clasts give...
Isotopic evidence from the eastern Canadian shield for geochemical discontinuity in the proterozoic mantle
L.D. Ashwal, J. L. Wooden
1983, Nature (306) 679-680
Most workers agree that Proterozoic anorthosite massifs represent the crystallization products of mantle-derived magmas1,2, although the composition of the parental melts is a major unsolved petrological problem 3. As mantle-derived rocks, the massifs can be used as geochemical probes of their late Precambrian upper mantle sources. We report here Nd...
Analysis of spurious oscillation modes for the shallow water and Navier-Stokes equations
Roy A. Walters, G. F. Carey
1983, Computers and Fluids (11) 51-68
The origin and nature of spurious oscillation modes that appear in mixed finite element methods are examined. In particular, the shallow water equations are considered and a modal analysis for the one-dimensional problem is developed. From the resulting dispersion relations we find that the spurious modes in elevation are associated...
MASS STORAGE ESTIMATES FOR THE DIGITAL MAPPING AREA.
Donald L. Light
1983, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
Modern computer technology offers cartographers the potential for transition from conventional film-oriented methods to digital techniques as the way of mapping in the future. Traditional methods utilizing silver halide aerial and lithographic films for storage are time proven, and film is a very high density archival storage media. In view...
Speculation on martian north polar wind circulation and the resultant orientations of polar sand dunes
A. W. Ward, K.B. Doyle
1983, Icarus (55) 420-431
Dunes in the Martian north polar erg show two dominant orientations. When seen at frost cap minimum, dunes north of 80°N record east winds, dunes south of 80°N record west winds. Many of the transverse dunes are considered to be reversing...
Rare-earth element geochemistry and the origin of andesites and basalts of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
J. W. Cole, K. V. Cashman, P.C. Rankin
1983, Chemical Geology (38) 255-274
Two types of basalt (a high-Al basalt associated with the rhyolitic centres north of Taupo and a "low-Al" basalt erupted from Red Crater, Tongariro Volcanic Centre) and five types of andesite (labradorite andesite, labradorite-pyroxene andesite, hornblende andesite, pyroxene low-Si andesite and olivine andesite/low-Si andesite) occur in the Taupo Volcanic Zone...
Incorporation of prior information on parameters into nonlinear regression groundwater flow models: 2. Applications
Richard L. Cooley
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 662-676
This paper investigates factors influencing the degree of improvement in estimates of parameters of a nonlinear regression groundwater flow model by incorporating prior information of unknown reliability. Consideration of expected behavior of the regression solutions and results of a hypothetical modeling problem lead to several general conclusions. First, if the...
INTERACTIVE NAME PLACEMENT FOR PROVISIONAL MAPS.
Jeffrey L. Goldberg, Thomas C. Miller
1983, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
Computer generation and placement of map type has been refined into a production mode at Mid-Continent Mapping Center (MCMC) for USGS 1:24,000- and 1:25,000-scale Provisional maps. The map collar program is written in FORTRAN using batch processing that allows the program to work in the background....
