Ship canals and aquatic ecosystems
William I. Aron, Stanford H. Smith
1971, Science (174) 13-20
Through a combination of ecosystem homeostasis and the perversity of man and nature, oftentimes the significant biological changes effected by environmental modifications are not detected until long after the initial change has taken place. The immediate impact, which may range from the spectacular to the undetectable, is a deceptive measure...
Effects of temperature on electrolyte balance and osmoregulation of the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in fresh and sea water
Jon G. Stanley, Peter J. Colby
1971, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (100) 624-638
A study of the effects of temperature and salinity on ionoregulation in the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, revealed that concentrations of sodium, potassium, and calcium in plasma and muscle were similar in fish adapted to fresh water and those adapted to sea water. The non-stressed alewife is apparently an excellent...
Limited-interval definitions of the photometric functions of lunar crater walls by photography from orbiting Apollo
R.L. Wildey
1971, Icarus (15) 93-99
By the use of only relative photometry (intraframe) it is shown that the photometric functions of material reposed on the inner walls of some of the ypunger lunar craters photographed on the far side of the Moon from the Apollo 11 Command Module...
Imaging of Mercury and Venus from a flyby
B. C. Murray, M. J. S. Belton, G. Edward Danielson, M. E. Davies, G. P. Kuiper, B. T. O’Leary, V.E. Suomi, N.J. Trask
1971, Icarus (15) 153-173
This paper describes the results of study of an imaging experiment planned for the 1973 Mariner Venus/Mercury flyby mission. Scientific objectives, mission constraints, analysis of alternative systems, and the rationale for final choice are presented. Severe financial constraints ruled out the best technical alternative for flyby imaging, a film/readout system,...
Genetic implications of the shapes of martian and lunar craters
R.J. Pike
1971, Icarus (15) 384-395
Craters on Mars and the Moon are alike in that larger craters differ in shape from smaller ones, and older craters differ in shape from younger ones. Smoothed depth-diameter curves for 41 large martian craters photographed by Mariner IV inflect at a crater...
A Pliocene flora and insect fauna from the Bering Strait region
D.M. Hopkins, J.V. Matthews, J. A. Wolfe, M.L. Silberman
1971, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (9) 211-231
A flood-plain forest has been preserved beneath a lava flow that invaded the Inmachuk River Valley in the northern part of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, during the Pliocene Epoch. The fossil flora is of great biogeographic interest because of its position (Fig. 1)...
Fluid inclusions in quartz crystals from South-West Africa
K.A. Kvenvolden, E. Roedder
1971, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (35) 1209-1229
Quartz crystals from calcite veins of unknown age in Precambrian metasedimentary rocks at Geiaus No. 6 and Aukam farms in South-West Africa contain both primary and secondary inclusions filled with one or a variable combination of: organic liquid, moderately saline aqueous liquid, dark-colored...
Trees and streams: The efficiency of branching patterns
Luna Bergere Leopold
1971, Journal of Theoretical Biology (31) 339-354
Extending the analysis of branching patterns of the drainage net of rivers, originated by Horton, the relation of average numbers and lengths of tree branches to size of branch was investigated. Size of branch was defined by branch order, or its position in the hierarchy of tributaries. It was found...
Paleomagnetism of San Cristobal Island, Galapagos
A. Cox
1971, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (11) 152-160
Isla San Cristobal, the most easterly of the Galapagos Islands, consists of two parts: a large volcano constitutes the southwest half of the island and an irregular apron of small cones and flows makes up the northeast half. As some of the...
Geologic setting of the apollo 14 samples
G.A. Swann, N.J. Trask, M. H. Hait, R. L. Sutton
1971, Science (173) 716-719
The apollo 14 lunar module landed in a region of the lunar highlands that is part of a widespread blanket of ejecta surrounding the Mare Imbrium basin. Samples were collected from the regolith developed on a nearly level plain, a ridge 100 meters high, and a blacky ejecta deposit around...
Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931 (abridged)
Jerry L. Coffman, editor(s)
1970, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (2) 25-25
[none]...
A computer program to trace seismic ray distribution in complex two-dimensional geological models
Nazieh K. Yacoub, James H. Scott
1970, Report
A computer program has been developed to trace seismic rays and their amplitudes and energies through complex two-dimensional geological models, for which boundaries between elastic units are defined by a series of digitized X-, Y-coordinate values. Input data for the program includes problem identification, control parameters, model coordinates and elastic...
Relationship between subsidence and volcanic load, Hawaii
J.G. Moore
1970, Bulletin Volcanologique (34) 562-576
A computer analysis of tide-gage records in the northeast Pacific indicates that the active volcanic islands of eastern Hawaii are subsiding at a rate considerably faster than the eustatic rise of sea level. The rate of absolute subsidence increases progressively toward the center of current activity on the Island of...
A proposed streamflow data program for Ohio
Peter W. Anttila
1970, Open-File Report 70-10
A streamflow data program is proposed for Ohio which consists of both data collection and data analysis. The program is proposed after a study which (1) established long-term objectives and goals for streamflow information, (2) examined and analyzed available data to determine its adequacy for meeting the established goals, and...
Development of the Astoria Canyon-Fan physiography and comparison with similar systems
C.H. Nelson, P.R. Carlson, J.V. Byrne, T. R. Alpha
1970, Marine Geology (8) 259-291
A detailed bathymetric study of Astoria Canyon and Astoria Fan provides a model for typical submarine canyon-fan systems. The present canyon head is 9 miles (17 km) west of the Columbia River mouth but buried Pleistocene channels appear to have connected the two features in the past. The canyon, which...
Silica sand deposits in the Monrovia area, Liberia
Sam Rosenblum, S.P. Srivastava
1970, Open-File Report 70-280
Thin surficial deposits of white silica sand occupy much of the flat coastal area of Liberia from Monrovia to Buchanan 100 km southeast; most of the sand is of good quality for glass manufacture. A lagoonal mode of origin is suggested for these essentially monomineralic deposits. Based on the average...
Standards for the classification of public coal lands
N. Wood Bass, Henry L. Smith, George Henry Horn
1970, Circular 633
In order to provide uniformity in the classification of coal lands in the public domain, certain standards have been prepared from time to time by the U.S. Geological Survey. The controlling factors are the depth, quality, and thickness of the coal beds. The first regulations were issued April 8, 1907;...
Interim report on worldwide historic surface faulting
Manuel G. Bonilla, Jane M. Buchanan
1970, Open-File Report 70-34
This interim report presents data on and interrelations between the parameters L (length of surface rupture), D (maximum surface displacement), and M (Richter magnitude of associated earthquake) for the main traces of historic surface faults that have been reported in the worldwide literature. Original descriptions of the individual fault-events published...
Water laws and concepts
H. E. Thomas
1970, Circular 629
Throughout human history various laws and customs have developed concerning the individual rights and rights in common to the waters of the earth. Many existing laws and concepts are clearly influenced by the environment in which they originated and reflect the relative abundance or scarcity of water. Many concepts reflect...
A digital model for aquifer evaluation
George Francis Pinder
1970, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 07-C1
Sediment transport by streams in the Palouse River basin, Washington and Idaho, July 1961-June 1965
P. R. Boucher
1970, Water Supply Paper 1899-C
The Palouse River basin covers about 3,300 square miles in southeastern Washington and northwestern Idaho. The eastern part of the basin is composed of steptoes and foothills which are generally above an altitude of 2,600 feet; the central part is of moderate local relief and is mantled chiefly by thick...
Hydrologic effects of floodwater-retarding structures on Garza-Little Elm Reservoir, Texas
Clarence R. Gilbert, Stanley P. Sauer
1970, Water Supply Paper 1984
The Texas District of the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey has collected and analyzed hydrologic data since 1953 to define the effects of systems of floodwater-retarding structures on downstream water and sediment yield. The district project includes 11 study areas ranging from 18 to 80 square miles...
A geochemical evaluation of the Ash Sha'ib mineral prospect, Asir quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Glenn H. Allcott
1970, Open-File Report 70-2
The mineralized zone at the remotely located Ash Sha'ib ancient mine contains only a small tonnage of moderately low grade sulfide- bearing rock. Based on present data the gross value of the deposit, with a value of $25.00 or more per ton, is $20,000,000. A belt of metasedimentary rocks, intruded...
Methods and applications of electrical simulation in ground-water studies in the lower Arkansas and Verdigris River Valleys, Arkansas and Oklahoma
M. S. Bedinger, J.E. Reed, C.J. Wells, B.F. Swafford
1970, Water Supply Paper 1971
The Arkansas River Multiple-Purpose Plan will provide year-round navigation on the Arkansas River from near its mouth to Muskogee, Okla., and on the Verdigris River from Muskogee to Catoosa, Okla. The altered regimen in the Arkansas and Verdigris Rivers will affect ground-water conditions in the adjacent alluvial aquifers. In 1957...
Petroleum possibilities of the Yukon-Koyukuk Province, Alaska
William Wallace Patton Jr.
1970, Open-File Report 70-257
The recent discovery of major oil resources on Alaska's North Slope has rekindled interest in the petroleum possibilities of the Yukon-Koyukuk province, a vast tract of Cretaceous rocks stretching along the west coast of Alaska from the Brooks Range to the Yukon delta. Attention was first focused on this region...
