Ash-flow tuffs: Their origin, geologic relations, and identification
Clarence S. Ross, Robert L. Smith
1961, Professional Paper 366
Pyroclastic materials, which are interpreted as having been deposited by flowage as a suspension of ash in volcanic gas, are becoming widely recognized as major geologic episodes. These may be unconsolidated, indurated by partial welding, or welded into a compact rock. Many students are working on these materials and the...
Tertiary geology and oil-shale resources of the Piceance Creek basin between the Colorado and White Rivers, northwestern Colorado
John R. Donnell
1961, Bulletin 1082-L
The area of the Piceance Creek basin between the Colorado and White Rivers includes approximately 1,600 square miles and is characterized by an extensive plateau that rises 1,000 to more than 4,000 feet above the surrounding lowlands. Relief is greatest in Naval Oil-Shale Reserves Nos. 1 and 3 near the...
Geology and mineral deposits of the Carlile quadrangle, Crook County, Wyoming
M.H. Bergendahl, R. E. Davis, G. A. Izett
1961, Bulletin 1082-J
The Carlile quadrangle-is along the northwestern flank of the Black Hills uplift in Crook County, Wyo. The area-is primarily one of canyons and divides that are a result of downcutting by the Belle Fourche River and its tributaries through an alternating succession of sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone or shale beds....
Sonic depth sounder for laboratory and field use
E.V. Richardson, Daryl B. Simons, G.J. Posakony
1961, Circular 450
The laboratory investigation of roughness in alluvial channels has led to the development of a special electronic device capable of mapping the streambed configuration under dynamic conditions. This electronic device employs an ultrasonic pulse-echo principle, similar to that of a fathometer, that utilizes microsecond techniques to give high accuracy in...
Geology of uranium in the Chadron area, Nebraska and South Dakota
Robert Jacob Dunham
1961, Open-File Report 61-42
The Chadron area covers 375 square miles about 25 miles southeast of the Black Hills. Recurrent mild tectonic activity and erosion on the Chadron arch, a compound anticlinal uplift of regional extent, exposed 1900 feet of Upper Cretaceous rocks, mostly marine shale containing pyrite and organic matter, and 600 feet...
Ground Water at Grant Village Site, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
Ellis D. Gordon, Richard A. McCullough, Edwin P. Weeks
1961, Water Supply Paper 1475-F
On behalf of the National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Survey during the summer of 1959 made a study of ground-water conditions in the area of the Grant Village site, along the shore of the West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake, 1 to 2 miles south of the present facilities at...
Simplified methods for computing total sediment discharge with the modified Einstein procedure
Bruce R. Colby, David Wellington Hubbell
1961, Water Supply Paper 1593
A procedure was presented in 1950 by H. A. Einstein for computing the total discharge of sediment particles of sizes that are in appreciable quantities in the stream bed. This procedure was modified by the U.S. Geological Survey and adapted to computing the total sediment discharge of a stream on...
An aeromagnetic profile from anchorage to Nome, Alaska
E. R. King
1961, Geophysics (26) 716-726
A total-intensity profile was obtained on a 500-mile flight by a U. S. Geological Survey airplane from Anchorage to Nome, Alaska, on May 4, 1954. The average flight altitude was 6,000 ft above sea level except over the Alaska Range where the flight altitude was 9,000 ft. This profile crossed eight of the major...
Origin and development of the Three Forks Basin, Montana
G. D. Robinson
1961, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America (72) 1303-1313
The Three Forks Basin sprawls where the intricately deformed sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Disturbed Belt along the Rocky Mountain front are faulted against the Precambrian metamorphic rocks that make the core of the Tobacco Root, Madison, Gallatin, and Beartooth ranges. Its eastern edge is linear, controlled by steep faults...
Recent chemical analyses of waters from several closed-basin lakes and their tributaries in the western United States
H.C. Whitehead, J. H. Feth
1961, Geological Society of America Bulletin (72) 1421-1425
Some of the classic closed-basin lakes of the western United States have been resampled, and the waters have been analyzed by modern wet-chemical methods. Included are waters from Borax and Little Borax lakes and Mono Lake in California; Big Soda, Pyramid, and Walker Lakes in Nevada; Abert Lake, Oregon; and...
Subaerially carved Arctic seavalley under a modern epicontinental sea
David Scholl, C.L. Sainsbury
1961, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America (72) 1433-1436
A shallow seavalley, averaging 6 feet in relief, extends from the mouth of Ogotoruk Creek, northwest Alaska, for 15 miles across the floor of the Chukchi Sea to a depth of 135 feet. The seavalley is considered to be a drowned subaerial valley of Pleistocene age, which was excavated on an eustatically emerged epicontinental shelf...
Some aspects of the geochemistry of sphalerite, Central City District, Colorado
P.K. Sims, P. B. Barton Jr.
1961, Economic Geology (56) 1211-1237
Detailed studies of sphalerite, as a part of a larger study of the Central City district, Colorado, have been undertaken to learn something of the physico-chemical environment of ore deposition. More than 90 samples have been analyzed by chemical and spectrochemical methods and these data are interpreted in the light...
Palæomagnetic evidence relevant to a change in the Earth's radius
Allan Cox, Richard R. Doell
1961, Nature (190) 36-37
IT is important to note that if, during an expansion of the Earth, each point on the surface were to move radially outward, then all sampling areas would have the same relative geographical co-ordinates before and after expansion. Palæomagnetic results could not be used to detect an expansion of this...
Modification of the microhematocrit technique with trout blood
H.N. Larsen, S. F. Snieszko
1961, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (90) 139-142
Commercial and laboratory‐prepared capillary tubes for hematocrit were tested. A 10 percent solution of heparin was found to be best for the preparation of treated capillary tubes. For examination of trout blood laboratory‐prepared capillary tubes were found to be superior to commercial tubes which are designed for human blood. Sharp,...
Sulfide ores formed from sulfide-deficient solutions 1
T. S. Lovering
1961, Economic Geology (56) 68-99
Assuming that many hydrothermal ore deposits are formed from emanations given off from a magma at depth while it cools through the interval in which latent heat of crystallization is generated, it is shown that this cooling interval for magmatic bodies of moderate size must be measured in tens or hundreds of...
Sulfide ores formed from sulfide-deficient solutions 1
T. S. Lovering
1961, Economic Geology (56) 68-99
Assuming that many hydrothermal ore deposits are formed from emanations given off from a magma at depth while it cools through the interval in which latent heat of crystallization is generated, it is shown that this cooling interval for magmatic bodies of moderate size must be measured in tens or hundreds of...
Graphic and algebraic solutions of the discordant lead-uranium age problem
L. R. Stieff, T. W. Stern
1961, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (22) 176-199
Uranium-bearing minerals that give lead-uranium and lead—lead ages that are essentially in agreement, i.e. concordant, generally are considered to have had a relatively simple geologic history and to have been unaltered since their deposition. The concordant ages obtained on such materials are, therefore, assumed to approach closely the actual age...
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Pesticide-Wildlife Review: 1959
J.B. DeWitt, J.L. George
1960, Circular No. 84 revised
Research findings of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, State agencies and independent research workers in Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., La., Mass., Mich., Mont., N. Dak., Tex., and Wis. are summarized in this report together with recommendations for reducing damage from pest control operations. Major topics discussed are:...
Strategic graphite, a survey
Eugene N. Cameron, Paul L. Weis
1960, Bulletin 1082-E
Strategic graphite consists of certain grades of lump and flake graphite for which the United States is largely or entirely dependent on sources abroad. Lump graphite of high purity, necessary in the manufacture of carbon brushes, is imported from Ceylon, where it occurs in vein deposits. Flake graphite, obtained from...
The Foraminiferal Genus Orbitolina in North America
Raymond Charles Douglass
1960, Professional Paper 333
The foraminiferal genus Orbitolina has been useful as an index fossil in the Cretaceous rocks of the circumglobal equatorial belt for nearly a century. In Europe and the Near and Middle East enough work has been done on the species to allow their use for approximate correlations within the Cretaceous...
Geology and fluorspar deposits, Northgate district, Colorado
Thomas A. Steven
1960, Bulletin 1082-F
The fluorspar deposits in the Northgate district, Jackson County, Colo., are among the largest in Western United States. The mines were operated intermittently during the 1920's and again during World War II, but production during these early periods of operation was not large. Mining was begun on a larger scale...
Chromite and other mineral deposits in serpentine rocks of the Piedmont Upland, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
Nancy C. Pearre, Allen V. Heyl Jr.
1960, Bulletin 1082-K
The Piedmont Upland in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware is about 160 miles long and at the most 50 miles wide. Rocks that underlie the province are the Baltimore gneiss of Precambrian age and quartzite, gneiss, schist, marble, phyllite, and greenstone, which make up the Glenarm series of early Paleozoic (?)...
Double-mass curves, with a section fitting curves to cyclic data
James K. Searcy, Clayton H. Hardison, Walter B. Langbein
1960, Water Supply Paper 1541-B
The double.-mass curve is used to check the consistency of many kinds of hydrologic data by comparing data for a single station with that of a pattern composed of the data from several other stations in the area The double-mass curve can be used to adjust inconsistent precipitation data. The...
Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Washington
Kenneth Lyle Walters
1960, Circular 422
In the Laurier area, Washington, the Kettle River has cut into crystalline rocks in the deepest part of the valley. Sand and gravel fill were deposited in the valley during Pleistocene time by melt water from glaciers, and subsequent erosion and alluviation formed three terrace levels. The highest level, on...
Occurrence of strontium in natural water
M. W. Skougstad, C. Albert Horr
1960, Circular 420
The regions where the stable strontium content of surface waters is relatively low (less than 0.50 ppm) include the Pacific Northwest, Northeastern United States, and the Central Lowlands, Particularly the Lower Mississippi basin and the Western Gulf Coast area. Moderate concentrations of strontium (0.50 to 1.5 ppm) are found in...
