Fire clay
R.L. Virta
2011, Mining Engineering (63) 60-61
The article discusses the latest developments in the fire clay industry, particularly in the U.S., as of June 2011. It claims that the leading fire clay producer in the U.S. is the state of Missouri. The other major producers include California, Texas and Washington. It reports that the use of...
Behavior and movement of formerly landlocked juvenile coho salmon after release into the free-flowing Cowlitz River, Washington
Tobias J. Kock, Julie A. Henning, Theresa L. Liedtke, Ida M. Royer, Brian K. Ekstrom, Dennis W. Rondorf
2011, Northwestern Naturalist (92) 167-174
Formerly landlocked Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) juveniles (age 2) were monitored following release into the free-flowing Cowlitz River to determine if they remained in the river or resumed seaward migration. Juvenile Coho Salmon were tagged with a radio transmitter (30 fish) or Floy tag (1050 fish) and their behavior was...
Magnesium compounds
D.A. Kramer
2011, Mining Engineering (63) 80-81
Seawater and natural brines accounted for about 54 percent of U.S. magnesium compounds production in 2010. Dead-burned magnesia was produced by Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties from well brines in Michigan. Caustic-calcined magnesia was recovered from seawater by Premier Magnesia in Florida, from well brines in Michigan by Martin Marietta and...
Conodont biostratigraphy and stable isotope stratigraphy across the Ordovician Knox/Beekmantown unconformity in the central Appalachians
Stephen A. Leslie, Matthew R. Saltzman, S. M. Bergstrom, J.E. Repetski, A. Howard, A.M. Seward
J.C. Gutierrez-Marco, I. Rabano, D. Garcia-Bellido, editor(s)
2011, Conference Paper, Ordovician of the world: proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on the Ordovician System (Serie Cuadernos del Museo Geominero 14)
Growth, morphology, and developmental instability of rainbow trout, Yellowstone cutthroat trout, and four hybrid generations
C.O. Ostberg, J.J. Duda, J.H. Graham, S. Zhang, K. P. Haywood III, B. Miller, T.L. Lerud
2011, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (140) 334-344
Hybridization of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii with nonindigenous rainbow trout O. mykiss contributes to the decline of cutthroat trout subspecies throughout their native range. Introgression by rainbow trout can swamp the gene pools of cutthroat trout populations, especially if there is little selection against hybrids. We used rainbow trout, Yellowstone...
Historical legacies, information and contemporary water science and management
Daniel J. Bain, Jennifer A.S. Arrigo, Mark B. Green, Brian A. Pellerin, Charles J. Vörösmarty
2011, Water (3) 566-575
Hydrologic science has largely built its understanding of the hydrologic cycle using contemporary data sources (i.e., last 100 years). However, as we try to meet water demand over the next 100 years at scales from local to global, we need to expand our scope and embrace other data that address...
Lithium
B.W. Jaskula
2011, Mining Engineering (63) 79-80
In 2010, lithium consumption in the United States was estimated to have been about 1 kt (1,100 st) of contained lithium, a 23-percent decrease from 2009. The United States was estimated to be the fourth largest consumer of lithium. It remained the leading importer of lithium carbonate and the leading...
The fecal bacteria
Michael J. Sadowsky, Richard L. Whitman, editor(s)
2011, Book
The Fecal Bacteria offers a balanced, integrated discussion of fecal bacteria and their presence and ecology in the intestinal tract of mammals, in the environment, and in the food supply. This new volume covers their use in examining and assessing water quality in order to offer protection from illnesses related...
Applying definitions of “asbestos” to environmental and “low-dose” exposure Levels and health effects, particularly malignant mesothelioma
B.W. Case, J.L. Abraham, G. Meeker, F.D. Pooley, K.E. Pinkerton
2011, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews (14) 3-39
Although asbestos research has been ongoing for decades, this increased knowledge has not led to consensus in many areas of the field. Two such areas of controversy include the specific definitions of asbestos, and limitations in understanding exposure-response relationships for various asbestos types and exposure levels and disease. This document...
Comment on “An unconfined groundwater model of the Death Valley Regional Flow System and a comparison to its confined predecessor” by R.W.H. Carroll, G.M. Pohll and R.L. Hershey [Journal of Hydrology 373/3–4, pp. 316–328]
Claudia C. Faunt, Alden M. Provost, Mary C. Hill, Wayne R. Belcher
2011, Journal of Hydrology (397) 306-309
Carroll et al. (2009) state that the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Death Valley Regional Flow System (DVRFS) model, which is based on MODFLOW, is “conceptually inaccurate in that it models an unconfined aquifer as a confined system and does not simulate unconfined drawdown in transient pumping simulations.” Carroll et...
Industrial diamond
D.W. Olson
2011, Mining Engineering (63) 69-71
Estimated world production of natural and synthetic industrial diamond was about 4.44 billion carats in 2010. Natural industrial diamond deposits have been found in more than 35 countries, and synthetic industrial diamond is produced in at least 15 countries....
Increasing thiamine concentrations in lake trout eggs from Lakes Huron and Michigan coincide with low alewife abundance
Stephen C. Riley, Jacques Rinchard, Dale C. Honeyfield, Allison N. Evans, Linda Begnoche
2011, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (31) 1052-1064
Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Laurentian Great Lakes suffer from thiamine deficiency as a result of adult lake trout consuming prey containing thiaminase, a thiamine-degrading enzyme. Sufficiently low egg thiamine concentrations result in direct mortality of or sublethal effects on newly hatched lake trout fry. To determine the prevalence...
Fish T cells: recent advances through genomics
Kerry J. Laing, John D. Hansen
2011, Developmental and Comparative Immunology (35) 1282-1295
This brief review is intended to provide a concise overview of the current literature concerning T cells, advances in identifying distinct T cell functional subsets, and in distinguishing effector cells from memory cells. We compare and contrast a wealth of recent progress made in T cell immunology of teleost, elasmobranch,...
Interacting vegetative and thermal contributions to water movement in desert soil
C.A. Garcia, Brian J. Andraski, David A. Stonestrom, C.A. Cooper, J. Simunek, S.W. Wheatcraft
2011, Vadose Zone Journal (10) 552-564
Thermally driven water-vapor flow can be an important component of total water movement in bare soil and in deep unsaturated zones, but this process is often neglected when considering the effects of soil–plant–atmosphere interactions on shallow water movement. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the coupled and separate...
Guidelines and recommended terms for expression of stable-isotope-ratio and gas-ratio measurement results
Tyler B. Coplen
2011, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (25) 2538-2560
To minimize confusion in the expression of measurement results of stable isotope and gas-ratio measurements, recommendations based on publications of the Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) are presented. Whenever feasible, entries are consistent with the Système International d'Unités,...
Industrial garnet
D.W. Olson
2011, Mining Engineering (63) 71-72
Garnet has been used as a gemstone since the Bronze Age. However, garnet's angular fractures, relatively high hardness and specific gravity, chemical inertness and nontoxicity make it ideal for many industrial applications. It is also free of crystalline silica and can be recycled....
Exploration review
D.R. Wilburn, R.L. Vasil, A. Nolting
2011, Mining Engineering (63) 58-75
This summary of international mineral exploration activities for the year 2010 draws upon available information from industry sources, published literature and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) specialists. The summary provides data on exploration budgets by region and mineral commodity, identifies significant mineral discoveries and areas of mineral exploration, discusses government programs...
Fire and brimstone continues to shape Yellowstone Lake: connecting geology and past climates with today's biodiversity
Susan Kelly, Lisa Morgan, Stephanie McGinnis
2011, The Earth Scientist (27) 23-28
Gemstones
D.W. Olson
2011, Mining Engineering (63) 64-65
The estimated value of natural gemstones produced from U.S. deposits during 2010 was $8.5 million, a slight increase from 2009. U.S. gemstone production included agate, amber, beryl, coral, garnet, jade, jasper, opal, pearl, quartz, sapphire, shell, topaz, tourmaline, turquoise and many other gem materials....
Mineral resource of the month: molybdenum
Desire E. Polyak
2011, Earth (56) 25-25
The article offers information about the mineral molybdenum. Sources includes byproduct or coproduct copper-molybdenum deposits in the Western Cordillera of North and South America. Among the uses of molybdenum are stainless steel applications, as an alloy material for manufacturing vessels and as lubricants, pigments or chemicals. Also noted is the...
Reducing cement's CO2 footprint
Hendrik G. van Oss
2011, Private Sector & Development (10)
The manufacturing process for Portland cement causes high levels of greenhouse gas emissions. However, environmental impacts can be reduced by using more energy-efficient kilns and replacing fossil energy with alternative fuels. Although carbon capture and new cements with less CO2 emission are still in the experimental phase, all these innovations...
Saline lakes of the glaciated Northern Great Plains
David M. Mushet
2011, Lakeline (31) 31-35
Unless you have flown over the region or seen aerial photographs, it is hard to grasp the scale of the millions of lakes and wetlands that dot the prairie landscape of the glaciated Northern Great Plains (Figure 1). This region of abundant aquatic habitats within a grassland matrix provides for...
Gopherus agassizii (Desert Tortoise). Non-native seed dispersal
J.R. Ennen, Caleb L. Loughran, Jeffrey E. Lovich
2011, Herpetological Review (42) 266-267
Sahara Mustard (Brassica tournefortii) is a non-native, highly invasive weed species of southwestern U.S. deserts. Sahara Mustard is a hardy species, which flourishes under many conditions including drought and in both disturbed and undisturbed habitats (West and Nabhan 2002. In B. Tellman [ed.], Invasive Plants: Their Occurrence and Possible Impact...
White-nose syndrome: comment
C. Swezey
2011, NSS News (69) 20-20
Potash
S.M. Jasinski
2011, Mining Engineering (63) 91-92
In 2010, the world potash market recovered from the record downturn in 2009. All major markets showed significant increases in production and consumption....
