An improved method for quantifying soil macroporosity
V. R. Vermeul, J.D. Istok, A. L. Flint, J.L. Pikul
1993, Soil Science Society of America Journal (57) 809-816
Quantitative information on macroporosity is needed to predict water flow and solute transport in field soils. A method was developed for determining the number, shape, and size distribution of soil macropores. Horizontal serial sections sawed from paraffin-impregnated soil cores were photographed under ultraviolet (UV) light. Anthracene, mixed with the paraffin,...
A Geographic Information System procedure to quantify drainage-basin characteristics
David A. Eash
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Symposium on Geographic Information Systems and Water Resources
The Basin Characteristics System (BCS) has been developed to quantify characteristics of a drainage basin. The first of four main BCS processing steps creates four geographic information system (GIS) digital maps representing the drainage divide, the drainage network, elevation contours, and the basin length. The drainage divide and basin...
A spatial simulation model of hydrology and vegetation dynamics in semi-permanent prairie wetlands
Karen A. Poiani, W. Carter Johnson
1993, Ecological Applications (3) 279-293
The objective of this study was to construct a spatial simulation model of the vegetation dynamics in semi-permanent prairie wetlands. A hydrologic submodel estimated water levels based on precipitation, runoff, and potential evapotranspiration. A vegetation submodel calculated the amount and distribution of emergent cover and open water using a geographic...
Sediment export by ice rafting from a coastal Polynya, Arctic Alaska, U.S.A.
Erk Reimnitz, Michael McCormick, Kristin McDougall-Reid, Elisabeth M. Brouwers
1993, Arctic and Alpine Research (25) 83-98
Strong offshore winds in early 1989 produced a shore polynya that reached along the entire north coast of Alaska and eastward beyond the mouth of the Mackenzie River in Canada. From January through April, this open water periodically exposed the shelf to sediment entrainment by suspension freezing. This process requires...
Conceptual model for quantifying pre-smolt production from flow-dependent physical habitat and water temperature
S. C. Williamson, J. M. Bartholow, C. B. Stalnaker
1993, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management (8) 15-28
A conceptual model has been developed to test river regulation concepts by linking physical habitat and water temperature with salmonid population and production in cold water streams. Work is in progress to examine numerous questions as part of flow evaluation and habitat restoration programmes in the...
A laboratory and field evaluation of a portable immunoassay test for triazine herbicides in environmental water samples
P.A. Schulze, P. D. Capel, P. J. Squillace, D.R. Helsel
1993, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (53) 307-319
The usefulness and sensitivity, of a portable immunoassay test for the semiquantitative field screening of water samples was evaluated by means of laboratory and field studies. Laboratory results indicated that the tests were useful for the determination of atrazine concentrations of 0.1 to 1.5 μg/L. At a concentration of...
Mussels: The forgotten fauna of regulated rivers. A case study of the Caney Fork River
James B. Layzer, Mark E. Gordon, Robert M. Anderson
1993, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management (8) 63-71
During the past century freshwater mussel populations have declined precipitously throughout North America. Much of this loss has resulted from the construction of dams. In the Cumberland River system, 23% (22 species) of the historic mussel fauna is extinct or listed as endangered. Several additional species have either been extirpated...
Comparison of Penman-Monteith, Shuttleworth-Wallace, and modified Priestley-Taylor evapotranspiration models for wildland vegetation in semiarid rangeland
David I. Stannard
1993, Water Resources Research (29) 1379-1392
Eddy correlation measurements of sensible and latent heat flux are used with measurements of net radiation, soil heat flux, and other micrometeorological variables to develop the Penman-Monteith, Shuttleworth-Wallace, and modified Priestley-Taylor evapotranspiration models for use in a sparsely vegetated, semiarid rangeland. The Penman-Monteith model, a one-component model designed for use...
Sampling colloids and colloid-associated contaminants in ground water
Debera A. Backhus, Joseph N. Ryan, Daniel M. Groher, John K. MacFarlane, Philip M. Gschwend
1993, Groundwater (31) 466-479
It has recently been recognized that mobile colloids may affect the transport of contaminants in ground water. To determine the significance of this process, knowledge of both the total mobile load (dissolved + colloid-associated) and the dissolved concentration of a ground-water contaminant must be obtained. Additional information regarding mobile colloid...
Volitional migration of Atlantic salmon from seasonal holding ponds
S. Rottenborn, Lori A. Redell
1993, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (13) 238-252
For 5 years we used seawater tolerance tests (seawater challenges) to identify smolts, and tunnel fish counters to record the time of migration, of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar that volitionally left holding ponds on the Merrimack River near Litchfield, New Hampshire. We compared timing of Atlantic salmon movements with environmental conditions and...
Dynamic land surface/atmospheric parameterization at different spatial scales in the Colorado Rocky Mountains
Jill Baron, R. Pielke, B. Parton, L. Band, S. W. Running
1993, Book, Proceedings of Workshop on the Use of Hydrological Models for Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change in Snowmelt Water Supply Basins
No abstract available....
Wetland modeling and information needs at Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge
David B. Hamilton, Gregor T. Auble
1993, Report, Results of a workshop sponsored by Division on Wildlife Refuges and Wildlife, Region 1
The marshes in and around Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge (the Refuge) are extremely dynamic; expanding and contracting in size both seasonally, due to runoff and subsequent evapotranspiration, and over longer periods, due to climatic variation. The dynamic nature of these marshes results in a diversity of wetland habitats, which...
Microfaunal evidence for elevated Pliocene temperatures in the Arctic Ocean
Thomas M. Cronin, Robin Whatley, Adrian Wood, Akira Tsukagoshi, Noriyuki Ikeya, Elisabeth M. Brouwers, W. M. Briggs Jr.
1993, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology (8) 161-173
The migration of thermophilic marine Ostracoda into the Arctic Ocean during the Pliocene indicates that winter and summer ocean temperatures around Arctic margins were ≥ 0 °C and > 3 °C, respectively, and that ice-free conditions existed for most or all of the Arctic. By at least 3.5–3.0 Ma, probably...
Restoration of lowland streams: an introduction
L.L. Osborne, P.B. Bayley, L.W.G. Higler, B. Statzner, F. Triska, T. Moth Iverson
1993, Freshwater Biology (29) 187-194
This paper introduces the Lowland Streams Restoration Workshop that was held in Lund, Sweden in August 1991.Attenders at the Workshop participated in working groups which discussed and reported on the state of knowledge of stream restoration and identified critical areas of information need. Currently, most restoration efforts are emission‐orientated (i.e....
Confirmation of rate-dependent behavior in water retention during drainage in nonswelling porous materials
Jim Constantz
1993, Water Resources Research (29) 1331-1334
In the water retention process in porous material, changes in water content are assumed to be independent of the rate at which the matric potential varies. Periodically, researchers have presented results that do not support this assumption, indicating that water retention may be rate-dependent under certain conditions. In the present...
Relative effects of nutrient enrichment and grazing on epiphyte-macrophyte (Zostera marina L.) dynamics
Hilary A. Neckles, R. L. Wetzel, R.J. Orth
1993, Oecologia (93) 285-295
The independent and interactive effects of nutrient concentration and epiphyte grazers on epiphyte biomass and macrophyte growth and production were examined in Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) microcosms. Experiments were conducted during early summer, late summer, fall, and spring in a greenhouse on the York River estuary of Chesapeake Bay. Nutrient...
Interactive coupling of a lake thermal model with a regional climate model
Steven W. Hostetler, G. T. Bates, F. Giorgi
1993, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres (98) 5045-5057
A one‐dimensional model of lake temperature, evaporation, and ice has been coupled in an interactive mode with the climate version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Pennsylvania State University regional (mesoscale) atmospheric model (MM4). The coupled MM4‐lake model makes possible high‐resolution simulations of climate in the proximity of large water...
Streamflow and sediment dynamics of the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico, in the context of cottonwood recruitment
Robert T. Milhous, Mark Wondzell, Amy Ritter
1993, Report
The cottonwood gallery forests of the Middle Rio Grande floodplain in New Mexico provide important habitats for birds and other animals. Over the last century, these forests have changed significantly due to invasion of exotics such as salt cedar and Russian olive, which compete with native cottonwoods, and changes...
Status and population trends of Hawaii's native waterbirds, 1977-1987
Andrew Engilis Jr., Thane K. Pratt
1993, The Wilson Bulletin (105) 142-158
Status and population trends of Hawaiis ’ native waterbirds were examined from 1977 through 1987. Waterbird population fluctuations were analyzed in relation to rainfall and land use dynamics. Numbers of Hawaiian Duck (Koloa) (Anus wyvilliana) and Hawaiian Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) appeared stable over time; however, surveys were limited....
Small fields in the National Oil and Gas Assessment
David H. Root, Emil Attanasi
1993, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (77) 485-490
In the 1989 National Oil and Gas Assessment prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Minerals Management Service, undiscovered oil and gas resources in small fields were assessed separately from resources in fields containing more than 1 million bbl of oil equivalent. This paper concerns the USGS Part...
Radium isotope geochemistry of thermal waters, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
N.C. Sturchio, John K. Bohlke
1993, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (57) 1203-1214
Radium isotope activities (226Ra, 228Ra, and 224Ra), chemical compositions, and sulfur isotope ratios in sulfate were determined for water samples from thermal areas in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Activities of 226Ra in these waters range from <0.2 to 37.9 dpm/kg. Activity ratios of 228Ra226Ra">228Ra226Ra range from 0.26 to 14.2,...
A methodology for quantifying and valuing the impacts of flow changes on a fishery
David A. Harpman, Edward W. Sparling, Terry J. Waddle
1993, Water Resources Research (29) 575-582
A quasi-population model for adult brown trout was developed for the Taylor River below the Taylor Park Reservoir in Colorado. This model allows the population to be predicted under alternative flow management regimes. The predicted population effects of two different flow release patterns were compared with the predicted...
Chlorine-36 in the Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory; origin and implications
T.M. Beasley, L.D. Cecil, P. Sharma, P.W. Kubik, Udo Fehn, L. J. Mann, H.E. Gove
1993, Groundwater (31) 302-310
Between 1952 and 1984, low-level radioactive waste was introduced directly into the Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), Idaho Falls, Idaho. These wastes were generated, principally, at the nuclear fuel reprocessing facility on the site. Our measurements of 36C1 in monitoring and production well waters,...
GAP Analysis Bulletin Number 2
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1993, GAP Bulletin 2
What is a traditional use?
Berton Lee Lamb
1993, Book, Western Water Law and Policy: Implications for Wetland and Riparian Ecosystems
No abstract available....
