Process-based modeling of tsunami inundation and sediment transport
A. Apotsos, G. Gelfenbaum, B. Jaffe
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (116)
The infrequent and unpredictable nature of tsunamis precludes the use of field experiments to measure the hydrodynamic and sediment transport processes that occur. Instead, these processes are often approximated from laboratory, numerical, and theoretical studies or inferred from observations of the resultant sediment deposits. Here Delft3D, a three-dimensional numerical model,...
Thorium abundances of basalt ponds in South Pole-Aitken basin: Insights into the composition and evolution of the far side lunar mantle
Justin Hagerty, D. J. Lawrence, B. R. Hawke
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (116) 1-23
Imbrian-aged basalt ponds, located on the floor of South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, are used to provide constraints on the composition and evolution of the far side lunar mantle. We use forward modeling of the Lunar Prospector Gamma Ray Spectrometer thorium data, to suggest that at least five different and distinct...
Magnetic properties in an ash flow tuff with continuous grain size variation: a natural reference for magnetic particle granulometry
J.L. Till, M.J. Jackson, J. G. Rosenbaum, P. Solheid
2011, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (12)
The Tiva Canyon Tuff contains dispersed nanoscale Fe-Ti-oxide grains with a narrow magnetic grain size distribution, making it an ideal material in which to identify and study grain-size-sensitive magnetic behavior in rocks. A detailed magnetic characterization was performed on samples from the basal 5 m of the tuff. The magnetic...
A novel approach for direct estimation of fresh groundwater discharge to an estuary
Neil K. Ganju
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
Coastal groundwater discharge is an important source of freshwater and nutrients to coastal and estuarine systems. Directly quantifying the spatially integrated discharge of fresh groundwater over a coastline is difficult due to spatial variability and limited observational methods. In this study, I applied a novel approach to estimate net freshwater...
Tsunami inundation and sediment transport in a sediment-limited embayment on American Samoa
A. Apotsos, G. Gelfenbaum, B. Jaffe, Sebastian Watt, B. Peck, M. Buckley, A. Stevens
2011, Earth-Science Reviews (107) 1-11
Field observations and numerical simulations are used to explore tsunami inundation and sediment transport in an embayment (Fagafue Bay) on the north side of Tutuila, American Samoa during the 29 September 2009 South Pacific tsunami. Field observations of the nearshore bathymetry and topography, tsunami flow depth and sediment deposition, and...
Estimates of stress drop and crustal tectonic stress from the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake: Implications for fault strength
K.M. Luttrell, X. Tong, D.T. Sandwell, B.A. Brooks, M.G. Bevis
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116)
The great 27 February 2010 Mw 8.8 earthquake off the coast of southern Chile ruptured a ∼600 km length of subduction zone. In this paper, we make two independent estimates of shear stress in the crust in the region of the Chile earthquake. First, we use a coseismic slip model constrained by...
In vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gardenia jasminoides ellis
Y. Fan, Z. Ge, A. Luo
2011, Journal of Medicinal Plant Research (5) 2963-2968
A water-soluble polysaccharide, GP, was isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis through hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The in vitro free radicals scavenging tests exhibited that GP has significant scavenging abilities especially for ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals, which suggests that the polysaccharide GP is a novel antioxidant....
Infectious diseases: Surveillance, genetic modification and simulation
H. L. Koh, S.Y. Teh, D. L. De Angelis, J. Jiang
2011, Conference Paper, WIT Transactions on the Built Environment
Infectious diseases such as influenza and dengue have the potential of becoming a worldwide pandemic that may exert immense pressures on existing medical infrastructures. Careful surveillance of these diseases, supported by consistent model simulations, provides a means for tracking the disease evolution. The integrated surveillance and simulation program is essential...
Multiphase-flow numerical modeling of the 18 May 1980 lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, USA
T.E. Ongaro, C. Widiwijayanti, A.B. Clarke, Barry Voight, A. Neri
2011, Geology (39) 535-538
Volcanic lateral blasts are among the most spectacular and devastating of natural phenomena, but their dynamics are still poorly understood. Here we investigate the best documented and most controversial blast at Mount St. Helens (Washington State, United States), on 18 May 1980. By means of three-dimensional multiphase numerical simulations we...
Are temperate mature forests buffered from invasive lianas?
Noel B. Pavlovic, Stacey A. Leicht-Young
2011, Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society (138) 85-92
Mature and old-growth forests are often thought to be buffered against invasive species due to low levels of light and infrequent disturbance. Lianas (woody vines) and other climbing plants are also known to exhibit lower densities in older forests. As part of a larger survey of the lianas of the...
Young (<7 Ma) gold deposits and active geothermal systems of the Great Basin: Enigmas, questions, and exploration potential
Mark F. Coolbaugh, Peter G. Vikre, James E. Faulds
2011, Conference Paper, Geological Society of Nevada Symposium 2010: Great Basin Evolution and Metallogeny
Young gold systems in the Great Basin (£ 7 Ma), though not as well studied as their older counterparts, comprise a rapidly growing and in some ways controversial group. The gold inventory for these systems has more than doubled in the last 5 years from roughly 370 tonnes (12 Moz)...
Glacial influence on the geochemistry of riverine iron fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and effects of deglaciation
A.W. Schroth, John Crusius, F. Chever, B.C. Bostick, O.J. Rouxel
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
Riverine iron (Fe) derived from glacial weathering is a critical micronutrient source to ecosystems of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA). Here we demonstrate that the source and chemical nature of riverine Fe input to the GoA could change dramatically due to the widespread watershed deglaciation that is underway. We examine...
Increased fitness of rice plants to abiotic stress via habitat adapted symbiosis: A strategy for mitigating impacts of climate change
R. S. Redman, Y.-O. Kim, C.J.D.A. Woodward, C. Greer, L. Espino, S.L. Doty, R. J. Rodriguez
2011, PLoS ONE (6)
Climate change and catastrophic events have contributed to rice shortages in several regions due to decreased water availability and soil salinization. Although not adapted to salt or drought stress, two commercial rice varieties achieved tolerance to these stresses by colonizing them with Class 2 fungal endophytes isolated from plants growing...
Habitat fragmentation reduces nest survival in an Afrotropical bird community in a biodiversity hotspot
W.D. Newmark, T.R. Stanley
2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (108) 11488-11493
Ecologists have long hypothesized that fragmentation of tropical landscapes reduces avian nest success. However, this hypothesis has not been rigorously assessed because of the difficulty of finding large numbers of well-hidden nests in tropical forests. Here we report that in the East Usambara Mountains in Tanzania, which are part of...
Geology and petroleum potential of the Arctic Alaska petroleum province
Kenneth J. Bird, David W. Houseknecht
2011, Geological Society Memoir 485-499
The Arctic Alaska petroleum province encompasses all lands and adjacent continental shelf areas north of the Brooks Range–Herald Arch orogenic belt and south of the northern (outboard) margin of the Beaufort Rift shoulder. Even though only a small part is thoroughly explored, it is one of the most prolific petroleum...
Effect of cryopreservation and in vitro culture of bovine fibroblasts on histone acetylation levels and in vitro development of hand-made cloned embryos
L. Chacon, M.C. Gomez, J.A. Jenkins, S.P. Leibo, G. Wirtu, B.L. Dresser, C.E. Pope
2011, Zygote (19) 255-264
In this study, the relative acetylation levels of histone 3 in lysine 9 (H3K9ac) in cultured and cryopreserved bovine fibroblasts was measured and we determined the influence of the epigenetic status of three cultured (C1, C2 and C3) donor cell lines on the in vitro development of reconstructed bovine embryos. Results...
The effects of isolation on the demography and genetic diversity of long-lived species: Implications for conservation and management of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus)
J.R. Ennen, R.D. Birkhead, B.R. Kreiser, D.L. Gaillard, C.P. Qualls, J.E. Lovich
2011, Herpetological Conservation and Biology (6) 202-214
In the southeastern United States, habitat loss has fragmented the landscape and isolated many populations of this region's flora and fauna, which has presumably resulted in smaller population sizes and reduced levels of genetic diversity. For example, forestry practices and anthropogenic disturbances are both cited as factors fragmenting the once...
A puzzling migratory detour : Are fueling conditions in Alaska driving the movement of juvenile sharp -tailed sandpipers ?
A. Lindstrom, Robert E. Gill Jr., S.E. Jamieson, B. McCaffery, Liv Wennerberg, M. Wikelski, M. Klaassen
2011, Condor (113) 129-139
Making a detour can be advantageous to a migrating bird if fuel-deposition rates at stopover sites along the detour are considerably higher than at stopover sites along a more direct route. One example of an extensive migratory detour is that of the Sharp-tailed Sandpiper (Calidris acuminata), of which large numbers...
Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance
D.B. George, C.T. Webb, Matthew L. Farnsworth, T. J. O'Shea, R. A. Bowen, D.L. Smith, T.R. Stanley, L.E. Ellison, C. E. Rupprecht
2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (108) 10208-10213
Rabies is an acute viral infection that is typically fatal. Most rabies modeling has focused on disease dynamics and control within terrestrial mammals (e.g., raccoons and foxes). As such, rabies in bats has been largely neglected until recently. Because bats have been implicated as natural reservoirs for several emerging zoonotic...
National intergrated drought information system
R. Pulwarty, J. Verdin, L. Darby, C. McNutt, R. Webb
2011, Conference Paper, 2011 GEOSS Workshop XL - Managing Drought through Earth Observation, GEOSS 2011
[No abstract available]...
Globally Gridded Satellite observations for climate studies
K.R. Knapp, S. Ansari, C.L. Bain, M.A. Bourassa, M.J. Dickinson, Chris Funk, C.N. Helms, C.C. Hennon, C.D. Holmes, G. J. Huffman, J.P. Kossin, H.-T. Lee, A. Loew, G. Magnusdottir
2011, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (92) 893-907
Geostationary satellites have provided routine, high temporal resolution Earth observations since the 1970s. Despite the long period of record, use of these data in climate studies has been limited for numerous reasons, among them that no central archive of geostationary data for all international satellites exists, full temporal and spatial...
Group on Earth Observations (GEO) global drought early warning information service
W. Pozzi, D. Cripe, J. Vogt, M. Werner, R. Heim, M.J. Brewer, J. Sheffield, R. Westerhoff, R. Stefanski, M. Svoboda, J. Verdin
2011, Conference Paper, 2011 GEOSS Workshop XL - Managing Drought through Earth Observation, GEOSS 2011
[No abstract available]...
Channel morphometry, sediment transport, and implications for tectonic activity and surficial ages of Titan basins
R. Cartwright, J.A. Clayton, Randolph L. Kirk
2011, Icarus (214) 561-570
Fluvial features on Titan and drainage basins on Earth are remarkably similar despite differences in gravity and surface composition. We determined network bifurcation (Rb) ratios for five Titan and three terrestrial analog basins. Tectonically-modified Earth basins have Rb values greater than the expected range (3.0–5.0) for dendritic networks; comparisons with Rb values determined for...
Modeling the spatial-temporal dynamics of net primary production in Yangtze River Basin using IBIS model
Z. Zhang, H. Jiang, J. Liu, Q. Zhu, X. Wei, Z. Jiang, G. Zhou, X. Zhang, J. Han
2011, Conference Paper, Proceedings - 2011 19th international conference on geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2011
The climate change has significantly affected the carbon cycling in Yangtze River Basin. To better understand the alternation pattern for the relationship between carbon cycling and climate change, the net primary production (NPP) were simulated in the study area from 1956 to 2006 by using the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS)....
A bayesian approach for determining velocity and uncertainty estimates from seismic cone penetrometer testing or vertical seismic profiling data
Adam Pidlisecky, Seth S. Haines
2011, Canadian Geotechnical Journal (48) 1061-1069
Conventional processing methods for seismic cone penetrometer data present several shortcomings, most notably the absence of a robust velocity model uncertainty estimate. We propose a new seismic cone penetrometer testing (SCPT) data-processing approach that employs Bayesian methods to map measured data errors into quantitative estimates of model uncertainty. We first...
