Upscaling carbon fluxes over the Great Plains grasslands: Sinks and sources
Li Zhang, Bruce K. Wylie, Lei Ji, Tagir G. Gilmanov, Larry L. Tieszen, Daniel M. Howar
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences (116) 1-13
Previous studies suggested that the grasslands may be carbon sinks or near equilibrium, and they often shift between carbon sources in drought years and carbon sinks in other years. It is important to understand the responses of net ecosystem production (NEP) to various climatic conditions across the U.S. Great Plains...
Denitrification and inference of nitrogen sources in the karstic Floridan Aquifer
J.B. Heffernan, A.R. Albertin, M.L. Fork, B. G. Katz, M.J. Cohen
2011, Biogeosciences Discussions (8) 10247-10294
Aquifer denitrification is among the most poorly constrained fluxes in global and regional nitrogen budgets. The few direct measurements of denitrification in groundwaters provide limited information about its spatial and temporal variability, particularly at the scale of whole aquifers. Uncertainty in estimates of denitrification may also lead to underestimates of...
In situ measurements of post-fire debris flows in southern California: Comparisons of the timing and magnitude of 24 debris-flow events with rainfall and soil moisture conditions
J. W. Kean, D.M. Staley, S.H. Cannon
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (116)
Debris flows often occur in burned steeplands of southern California, sometimes causing property damage and loss of life. In an effort to better understand the hydrologic controls on post-fire debris-flow initiation, timing and magnitude, we measured the flow stage, rainfall, channel bed pore fluid pressure and hillslope soil-moisture accompanying 24...
Sedimentary successions of the Arctic Region (58–64° to 90°N) that may be prospective for hydrocarbons
Arthur Grantz, Robert A. Scott, Sergey S. Drachev, Thomas E. Moore, Zenon C. Valin
2011, Geological Society Memoir (35) 17-37
A total of 143 sedimentary successions that contain, or may be prospective for, hydrocarbons were identified in the Arctic Region north of 58–64°N and mapped in four quadrants at a scale of 1:11 000 000. Eighteen of these successions (12.6%) occur in the Arctic Ocean Basin, 25 (17.5%) in the...
Seawater calcium isotope ratios across the Eocene-Oligocene transition
E.M. Griffith, A. Paytan, A. Eisenhauer, Thomas D. Bullen, E. Thomas
2011, Geology (39) 683-686
During the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT, ca. 34 Ma), Earth's climate cooled significantly from a greenhouse to an icehouse climate, while the calcite (CaCO3) compensation depth (CCD) in the Pacific Ocean increased rapidly. Fluctuations in the CCD could result from various processes that create an imbalance between calcium (Ca) sources to,...
Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context
Debra A. Willard, C.E. Bernhardt
2011, Climatic Change (107) 59-80
We synthesize existing evidence on the ecological history of the Florida Everglades since its inception ~7 ka (calibrated kiloannum) and evaluate the relative impacts of sea level rise, climate variability, and human alteration of Everglades hydrology on wetland plant communities. Initial freshwater peat accumulation began between 6 and 7 ka...
Terrestrial source to deep-sea sink sediment budgets at high and low sea levels: Insights from tectonically active Southern California
J.A. Covault, B.W. Romans, S.A. Graham, A. Fildani, G.E. Hilley
2011, Geology (39) 619-622
Sediment routing from terrestrial source areas to the deep sea influences landscapes and seascapes and supply and filling of sedimentary basins. However, a comprehensive assessment of land-to-deep-sea sediment budgets over millennia with significant climate change is lacking. We provide source to sink sediment budgets using cosmogenic radionuclide–derived terrestrial denudation rates...
Spatial variation in transient water table responses: Differences between an upper and lower hillslope zone
D.R.W. Haught, H. J. Van Meerveld
2011, Hydrological Processes (25) 3866-3877
To better understand storage-runoff dynamics, transient groundwater responses were examined in one of the steep watersheds in British Columbia's coastal mountains. Streamflow and piezometric data were collected for 1year to determine the spatial and temporal relations between transient groundwater levels and discharge. Correlations between piezometer responses and lag-time analysis were...
Optical maturity variation in lunar spectra as measured by Moon Mineralogy Mapper data
J.W. Nettles, M. Staid, S. Besse, J. Boardman, R. N. Clark, D. Dhingra, P. Isaacson, R. Klima, G. Kramer, C.M. Pieters, L.A. Taylor
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (116)
High spectral and spatial resolution data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) instrument on Chandrayaan-1 are used to investigate in detail changes in the optical properties of lunar materials accompanying space weathering. Three spectral parameters were developed and used to quantify spectral effects commonly thought to be associated with increasing...
Effect of commercially available egg cures on the survival of juvenile salmonids
S. Clements, R. Chitwood, C.B. Schreck
2011, PLoS ONE (6)
There is some concern that incidental consumption of eggs cured with commercially available cures for the purpose of sport fishing causes mortality in juvenile salmon. We evaluated this by feeding juvenile spring Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) with eggs cured with one of five commercially available cures. We...
Feature-based and statistical methods for analyzing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with AVIRIS imagery
R.S. Rand, R. N. Clark, K.E. Livo
2011, Proceedings of SPIE (8158)
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill covered a very large geographical area in the Gulf of Mexico creating potentially serious environmental impacts on both marine life and the coastal shorelines. Knowing the oil's areal extent and thickness as well as denoting different categories of the oil's physical state is important for...
Assessment of clinical pathology and pathogen exposure in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) bordering the threatened population in Alaska
Tracey Goldstein, Verena A. Gill, Pamela A. Tuomi, Daniel H. Monson, Alexander Burdin, Patricia A. Conrad, J. Lawrence Dunn, Cara L. Field, Christine K. Johnson, David A. Jessup, James L. Bodkin, Angela M. Doroff
2011, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (47) 579-592
Northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) abundance has decreased dramatically over portions of southwest Alaska, USA, since the mid-1980s, and this stock is currently listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. In contrast, adjacent populations in south central Alaska, USA, and Russia have been stable to increasing during the...
Changes in monoterpene mixing ratios during summer storms in rural New Hampshire (USA)
Karl B. Haase, C. Jordan, E. Mentis, L. Cottrell, H.R. Mayne, R. Talbot, B.C. Sive
2011, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions (11) 20631-20665
Monoterpenes are an important class of biogenic hydrocarbons that influence ambient air quality and are a principle source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Emitted from vegetation, monoterpenes are a product of photosynthesis and act as a response to a variety of environmental factors. Most parameterizations of monoterpene emissions are based...
Effects of dynamically variable saturation and matrix-conduit coupling of flow in karst aquifers
Thomas Reimann, T. Geyer, W.B. Shoemaker, R. Liedl, M. Sauter
2011, Water Resources Research (47)
Well-developed karst aquifers consist of highly conductive conduits and a relatively low permeability fractured and/or porous rock matrix and therefore behave as a dual-hydraulic system. Groundwater flow within highly permeable strata is rapid and transient and depends on local flow conditions, i.e., pressurized or nonpressurized flow. The characterization of karst...
The magnitude distribution of earthquakes near Southern California faults
M.T. Page, D. Alderson, J. Doyle
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116)
We investigate seismicity near faults in the Southern California Earthquake Center Community Fault Model. We search for anomalously large events that might be signs of a characteristic earthquake distribution. We find that seismicity near major fault zones in Southern California is well modeled by a Gutenberg-Richter distribution, with no evidence...
Seabird use of discards from a nearshore shrimp fishery in the South Atlantic Bight, USA
Patrick G.R. Jodice, Lisa C. Wickliffe, Elena B. Sachs
2011, Marine Biology (158) 2289-2298
Shrimp trawling is common throughout the southeastern and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the USA and is the primary contributor to fisheries discards in these regions. Tens of thousands of nearshore seabirds nest near shrimp trawling grounds in the USA, but to date, there has been no assessment of the...
Does small-perimeter fencing inhibit mule deer or pronghorn use of water developments?
R.T. Larsen, John Bissonette, J.T. Flinders, A.C. Robinson
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 1417-1425
Wildlife water development can be an important habitat management strategy in western North America for many species, including both pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). In many areas, water developments are fenced (often with small-perimeter fencing) to exclude domestic livestock and feral horses. Small-perimeter exclosures could limit wild...
Spatial variability of biotic and abiotic tree establishment constraints across a treeline ecotone in the Alaska Range
K.M. Stueve, R.E. Isaacs, L.E. Tyrrell, R.V. Densmore
2011, Ecology (92) 496-506
Throughout interior Alaska (USA), a gradual warming trend in mean monthly temperatures occurred over the last few decades (∼∼2-–4°°C). The accompanying increases in woody vegetation at many alpine treeline (hereafter treeline) locations provided an opportunity to examine how biotic and abiotic local site conditions interact to control tree establishment patterns...
Optical ages indicate the southwestern margin of the Green Bay Lobe in Wisconsin, USA, was at its maximum extent until about 18,500 years ago
J.W. Attig, P.R. Hanson, J.E. Rawling, A.R. Young, E.C. Carson
2011, Geomorphology (130) 384-390
Samples for optical dating were collected to estimate the time of sediment deposition in small ice-marginal lakes in the Baraboo Hills of Wisconsin. These lakes formed high in the Baraboo Hills when drainage was blocked by the Green Bay Lobe when it was at or very near its maximum...
A nearshore processes field experiment at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, U.S.A.
Jeffrey H. List, John C. Warner, E. Robert Thieler, Kevin Haas, George Voulgaris, Jesse E. McNinch, Katherine L. Brodie
Julie D. Rosati, Ping Wang, Tiffany M. Roberts, editor(s)
2011, Conference Paper, The proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2011
A month-long field experiment focused on the nearshore hydrodynamics of Diamond Shoals adjacent to Cape Hatteras Point, North Carolina, was conducted in February 2010. The objectives of this multi-institutional experiment were to test hypotheses related to Diamond Shoals as a sink in the regional sediment budget and to provide data...
Isolation of microsatellite loci from the lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbuenae)
Judith Ramirez, A. Munguia-Vega, Melanie Culver
2011, Conservation Genetics Resources (3) 327-329
Leptonycteris yerbabuenae is a nectarivore (subfamily: Glossophaginae, family: Phyllostomidae), is found from southern Arizona/southwestern New Mexico to southern Mexico including the Baja California peninsula (Ceballos et al.1997; Cockrum 1991).Leptonycteris yerbabuenae is listed as endangered in the United States (Shull 1988) and threatened in Mexico (SEMARNAT 2002). They migrate up to...
Cold-water coral distributions in the Drake Passage area from towed camera observations - Initial interpretations
Rhian G. Waller, Kathryn Scanlon Catanach, Laura F. Robinson
2011, PLoS ONE (6)
Seamounts are unique deep-sea features that create habitats thought to have high levels of endemic fauna, productive fisheries and benthic communities vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts. Many seamounts are isolated features, occurring in the high seas, where access is limited and thus biological data scarce. There are numerous seamounts within the...
Strategy to control the invasive alien tree Miconia calvescens in Pacific islands: Eradication, containment or something else?
Jean-Yves Meyer, Lloyd Loope, Anne-Claire Goarant
C.R. Veitch, M.N. Clout, D. R. Towns, editor(s)
2011, Conference Paper, Island invasives: Eradication and management
Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae) is a notorious plant invader in the tropical islands of French Polynesia, Hawaii and New Caledonia. A small tree native to Central and South America, it was first introduced as an ornamental in private botanic gardens in Tahiti (1937), Honolulu (1961), and...
Genetic methods for biodiversity assessment
Melanie Culver, Robert R. Fitak, Hans-Werner Herrmann
2011, Book chapter
No abstract available....
The development of a probabilistic approach to forecast coastal change
Erika E. Lentz, Cheryl J. Hapke
Julie D. Rosati, Ping Wang, Tiffany M. Roberts, editor(s)
2011, Conference Paper, The proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2011
This study demonstrates the applicability of a Bayesian probabilistic model as an effective tool in predicting post-storm beach changes along sandy coastlines. Volume change and net shoreline movement are modeled for two study sites at Fire Island, New York in response to two extratropical storms in 2007 and 2009. Both...
