Organic geochemical investigation and coal-bed methane characteristics of the Guasare coals (Paso Diablo mine, western Venezuela)
K. Quintero, M. Martinez, P. Hackley, G. Marquez, G. Garban, I. Esteves, M. Escobar
2011, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects (33) 959-971
The aim of this work was to carry out a geochemical study of channel samples collected from six coal beds in the Marcelina Formation (Zulia State, western Venezuela) and to determine experimentally the gas content of the coals from the Paso Diablo mine. Organic geochemical analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry...
Comparison of phenolic compounds and the effects of invasive and native species in East Asia: Support for the novel weapons hypothesis
Y.-O. Kim, E.J. Lee
2011, Ecological Research (26) 87-94
One prediction of the novel weapons hypothesis (NWH) for the dominance of exotic invasive plant species is that the allelopathic effects of successful invaders will, in general, be more biochemically inhibitory to native species and microbes in invaded regions than the native plants themselves. However, no study has compared biochemical...
What do we know about metal recycling rates?
T.E. Graedel, J. Allwood, J.-P. Birat, M. Buchert, C. Hageluken, B.K. Reck, S.F. Sibley, G. Sonnemann
2011, Journal of Industrial Ecology (15) 355-366
The recycling of metals is widely viewed as a fruitful sustainability strategy, but little information is available on the degree to which recycling is actually taking place. This article provides an overview on the current knowledge of recycling rates for 60 metals. We propose various recycling metrics, discuss relevant aspects...
A comparison of recharge rates in aquifers of the United States based on groundwater-age data
P.B. McMahon, Niel Plummer, J.K. Böhlke, S.D. Shapiro, S.R. Hinkle
2011, Hydrogeology Journal (19) 779-800
An overview is presented of existing groundwater-age data and their implications for assessing rates and timescales of recharge in selected unconfined aquifer systems of the United States. Apparent age distributions in aquifers determined from chlorofluorocarbon, sulfur hexafluoride, tritium/helium-3, and radiocarbon measurements from 565 wells in 45 networks were used to...
Rapid change in the defense of flightless young by a mourning dove parent
James Berdeen, David L. Otis
2011, Southeastern Naturalist (10) 374-377
We report that an adult-sized Zenaida macroura (Mourning Dove), presumably a parent, rapidly decreased risk taken in defense of a juvenile as the likelihood of predation to the juvenile increased. We attribute this decrease in risk taken to (1) the parent's perception that the risk of predation had increased to...
Geochemical and isotopic study of soils and waters from an Italian contaminated site: Agro Aversano (Campania)
M.A. Bove, R. A. Ayuso, B. de Vivo, A. Lima, S. Albanese
2011, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (109) 38-50
Lead isotope applications have been widely used in recent years in environmental studies conducted on different kinds of sampled media. In the present paper, Pb isotope ratios have been used to determine the sources of metal pollution in soils and waters in the Agro Aversano area. During three different sampling...
Hyperkyphosis in longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) of North Central Texas
Samuel W. Kelley
2011, Western North American Naturalist (71) 121-126
Two mature female longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) exhibiting severe hyperkyphotic spinal deformities were captured during the 2010 spring spawn at Lake Arrowhead, Clay County, Texas. Yet, despite their deformities and impaired motility, both longnose gar were in overall good condition. Hyperkyphosis in both longnose gar resulted from fused trunk vertebrae...
Radionuclides, trace elements, and radium residence in phosphogypsum of Jordan
R. A. Zielinski, M. S. Al-Hwaiti, J. R. Budahn, J. F. Ranville
2011, Environmental Geochemistry and Health (33) 149-165
Voluminous stockpiles of phosphogypsum (PG) generated during the wet process production of phosphoric acid are stored at many sites around the world and pose problems for their safe storage, disposal, or utilization. A major concern is the elevated concentration of long-lived 226Ra (half-life = 1,600 years) inherited from the processed...
Stress transfer among en echelon and opposing thrusts and tear faults: Triggering caused by the 2003 Mw = 6.9 Zemmouri, Algeria, earthquake
J. Lin, R.S. Stein, M. Meghraoui, S. Toda, A. Ayadi, C. Dorbath, S. Belabbes
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116)
The essential features of stress interaction among earthquakes on en echelon thrusts and tear faults were investigated, first through idealized examples and then by study of thrust faulting in Algeria. We calculated coseismic stress changes caused by the 2003 Mw = 6.9 Zemmouri earthquake, finding that a large majority of...
Effects of hatchery fish density on emigration, growth, survival, and predation risk of natural steelhead parr in an experimental stream channel
Christopher P. Tatara, Stephen C. Riley, Barry A. Berejikian
2011, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (31) 224-235
Hatchery supplementation of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss raises concerns about the impacts on natural populations, including reduced growth and survival, displacement, and increased predation. The potential risks may be density dependent.We examined how hatchery stocking density and the opportunity to emigrate affect the responses of natural steelhead parr in an experimental...
Evaluating the growth potential of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) feeding on siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior
E.K. Moody, B.C. Weidel, T.D. Ahrenstorff, W.P. Mattes, J.F. Kitchell
2011, Journal of Great Lakes Research (37) 343-348
Differences in the preferred thermal habitat of Lake Superior lake trout morphotypes create alternative growth scenarios for parasitic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) attached to lake trout hosts. Siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) inhabit deep, consistently cold water (4–6 °C) and are more abundant than lean lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) which...
High-frequency filtering of strong-motion records
J. Douglas, D.M. Boore
2011, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering (9) 395-409
The influence of noise in strong-motion records is most problematic at low and high frequencies where the signal to noise ratio is commonly low compared to that in the mid-spectrum. The impact of low-frequency noise (<1 Hz) on strong-motion intensity parameters such as ground velocities, displacements and response spectral ordinates...
Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i
E. K. Montgomery-Brown, D. K. Sinnett, K.M. Larson, Michael P. Poland, P. Segall, Asta Mikijus
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116)
Rapid changes in ground tilt and GPS positions on Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, are interpreted as resulting from a shallow, two-segment dike intrusion into the east rift zone that began at 1217 UTC (0217 HST) on 17 June 2007 and lasted almost 3 days. As a result of the intrusion, a...
Users as essential contributors to spatial cyberinfrastructures
B.S. Poore
2011, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Current accounts of spatial cyberinfrastructure development tend to overemphasize technologies to the neglect of critical social and cultural issues on which adoption depends. Spatial cyberinfrastructures will have a higher chance of success if users of many types, including nonprofessionals, are made central to the development process. Recent studies in the...
Abundance, stock origin, and length of marked and unmarked juvenile Chinook salmon in the surface waters of greater Puget Sound
C. A. Rice, C.M. Greene, P. Moran, D.J. Teel, D.R. Kuligowski, Reginald R. Reisenbichler, E.M. Beamer, J.R. Karr, K.L. Fresh
2011, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (140) 170-189
This study focuses on the use by juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of the rarely studied neritic environment (surface waters overlaying the sublittoral zone) in greater Puget Sound. Juvenile Chinook salmon inhabit the sound from their late estuarine residence and early marine transition to their first year at sea. We measured the...
Genetic consequences of trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) reintroductions
F.A. Ransler, T.W. Quinn, S.J. Oyler-McCance
2011, Conservation Genetics (12) 257-268
Relocation programs are often initiated to restore threatened species to previously occupied portions of their range. A primary challenge of restoration efforts is to translocate individuals in a way that prevents loss of genetic diversity and decreases differentiation relative to source populations-a challenge that becomes increasingly difficult when remnant populations...
An index of reservoir habitat impairment
L.E. Miranda, K.M. Hunt
2011, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (172) 225-234
Fish habitat impairment resulting from natural and anthropogenic watershed and in-lake processes has in many cases reduced the ability of reservoirs to sustain native fish assemblages and fisheries quality. Rehabilitation of impaired reservoirs is hindered by the lack of a method suitable for scoring impairment status. To address this limitation,...
USGS science in the gulf oil spill: Novel science applications in a crisis
M. McNutt
2011, Sea Technology (52) 13-14
Marcia McNutt reflects on the role of the US Geological Survey (USGS) team following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Secretary Salazar asked Marcia McNutt to lead the Flow Rate Technical Group, a team charged by National Incident Commander Adm. Thad Allen with improving estimates of the oil discharge rate from...
Equilibrium shoreline response of a high wave energy beach
M.L. Yates, R.T. Guza, W. C. O’Reilly, J.E. Hansen, P.L. Barnard
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (116)
Four years of beach elevation surveys at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California, are used to extend an existing equilibrium shoreline change model, previously calibrated with fine sand and moderate energy waves, to medium sand and higher-energy waves. The shoreline, characterized as the cross-shore location of the mean high water contour,...
Viral replication in excised fin tissues (VREFT) corresponds with prior exposure of Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)
C.A. Grady, J.L. Gregg, R.M. Wade, J. R. Winton, P.K. Hershberger
2011, Journal of Fish Diseases (34) 3-12
Procedures for a viral replication in excised fin tissue (VREFT) assay were adapted to Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, and optimized both to reduce processing time and to provide the greatest resolution between na??ve herring and those previously exposed to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), Genogroup IVa. The optimized procedures included...
Estimating equivalence with quantile regression
B.S. Cade
2011, Ecological Applications (21) 281-289
Equivalence testing and corresponding confidence interval estimates are used to provide more enlightened statistical statements about parameter estimates by relating them to intervals of effect sizes deemed to be of scientific or practical importance rather than just to an effect size of zero. Equivalence tests and confidence interval estimates are...
Devonian and carboniferous arcs of the oyu tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au district, South Gobi region, Mongolia
A.J. Wainwright, R. M. Tosdal, C.N. Forster, D.J. Kirwin, P.D. Lewis, J. L. Wooden
2011, Geological Society of America Bulletin (123) 306-328
The Central Asian orogenic belt consists of microcontinental blocks and mobile belts positioned between the Siberian craton and the Tarim and North China cratons. Extending across Asia for 5000 km, the belt consists of terranes that decrease in age southward away from the Siberian craton. A time-stratigraphic-structural sequence for the...
Age, genesis, and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sangamon/Loveland complex in the Lower Mississippi Valley, USA
H. W. Markewich, D.A. Wysocki, M.J. Pavich, E.M. Rutledge
2011, Geological Society of America Bulletin (123) 21-39
For more than a century, the Sangamon paleosol (the Sangamon) has been an integral part of geologic and pedologic investigations in the central United States, including the Upper Mississippi and Lower Missouri River Valleys. Compositional, pedologic, micromorphologic, stratigraphic, and age data indicate that the prominent reddish paleosol developed in silt-rich...
Spring-fall asymmetry of substorm strength, geomagnetic activity and solar wind: Implications for semiannual variation and solar hemispheric asymmetry
K. Mursula, E. Tanskanen, J.J. Love
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
We study the seasonal variation of substorms, geomagnetic activity and their solar wind drivers in 1993–2008. The number of substorms and substorm mean duration depict an annual variation with maxima in Winter and Summer, respectively, reflecting the annual change of the local ionosphere. In contradiction, substorm mean amplitude, substorm total...
Sources and physical processes responsible for OH/H2O in the lunar soil as revealed by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)
T. B. McCord, L.A. Taylor, J. #NAME? Combe, G. Kramer, C.M. Pieters, J.M. Sunshine, R. N. Clark
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (116)
Analysis of two absorption features near 3 m in the lunar reflectance spectrum, observed by the orbiting M3 spectrometer and interpreted as being due to OH and H2O, is presented, and the results are used to discuss the processes producing these molecules. This analysis focuses on the dependence of the...
