Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model
Stephanie G. Prejean, Emily E. Brodsky
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116) B01306
In August 2008 an unmonitored, largely unstudied Aleutian volcano, Kasatochi, erupted catastrophically. Here we use seismic data to infer the height of large eruptive columns such as those of Kasatochi based on a combination of existing fluid and solid mechanical models. In so doing, we propose a connection between a...
O2 reduction and denitrification rates in shallow aquifers
Anthony J. Tesoriero, Larry J. Puckett
2011, Water Resources Research (47)
O2 reduction and denitrification rates were determined in shallow aquifers of 12 study areas representing a wide range in sedimentary environments and climatic conditions. Zero‐ and first‐order rates were determined by relating reactant or product concentrations to apparent groundwater age. O2 reduction rates varied widely within and between sites, with zero‐order rates...
Divergence in forest-type response to climate and weather: Evidence for regional links between forest-type evenness and net primary productivity
J.B. Bradford
2011, Ecosystems (14) 975-986
Climate change is altering long-term climatic conditions and increasing the magnitude of weather fluctuations. Assessing the consequences of these changes for terrestrial ecosystems requires understanding how different vegetation types respond to climate and weather. This study examined 20 years of regional-scale remotely sensed net primary productivity (NPP) in forests of the...
Homogenization of large-scale movement models in ecology
M.J. Garlick, J. A. Powell, M.B. Hooten, L.R. McFarlane
2011, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology (73) 2088-2108
A difficulty in using diffusion models to predict large scale animal population dispersal is that individuals move differently based on local information (as opposed to gradients) in differing habitat types. This can be accommodated by using ecological diffusion. However, real environments are often spatially complex, limiting application of a direct...
Copper localization, elemental content, and thallus colour in the copper hyperaccumulator lichen Lecanora sierrae from California
O. W. Purvis, J. P. Bennett, J. Spratt
2011, Lichenologist (43) 165-173
An unusual dark blue-green lichen, Lecanora sierrae, was discovered over 30 years ago by Czehura near copper mines in the Lights Creek District, Plumas County, Northern California. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy, Czehura found that dark green lichen samples from Warren Canyon contained 4% Cu in ash and suggested that its...
SAFOD Phase III Core sampling and data management at the Gulf Coast repository
B. Weymer, J. Firth, P. Rumford, F. Chester, J. Chester, D. Lockner
2011, Scientific Drilling 48-50
[No abstract available]...
Ant-nest ichnofossils in honeycomb calcretes, Neogene Ogallala Formation, High Plains region of western Kansas, U.S.A.
J.J. Smith, B.F. Platt, Greg A. Ludvigson, J.R. Thomasson
2011, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (308) 383-394
Two new ant-nest trace fossils are described from calcic sandy paleosols of the Neogene Ogallala Formation in western Kansas. The ichnofossils are preserved within and below calcrete beds weathering in positive relief as carbonate-filled casts or as cavities in negative relief. Daimoniobarax ichnogenus nov. is established for burrow systems composed of...
Parasite transmission in social interacting hosts: Monogenean epidemics in guppies
M.B. Johnson, K. D. Lafferty, Oosterhout C. van, J. Cable
2011, PLoS ONE (6)
BackgroundInfection incidence increases with the average number of contacts between susceptible and infected individuals. Contact rates are normally assumed to increase linearly with host density. However, social species seek out each other at low density and saturate their contact rates at high densities. Although predicting epidemic behaviour...
Does the "kamaroma"-plastron pattern morph occur in both Philippine subspecies of the turtle Cuora amboinensis?
C.H. Ernst, A.F. Laemmerzahl, Jeffrey E. Lovich
2011, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (124) 259-269
Two subspecies of the turtle Cuora amboinensis have been reported from the Philippine Islands, C. a. amboinensis and C. a. kamaroma, distinguished primarily by their carapace morphology, and secondarily by their plastron patterns. We assessed the utility of using shell and postorbital-stripe morphology instead of plastron patterns to distinguish these putative taxa. Adult <span...
Surface-water nutrient conditions and sources in the United States Pacific Northwest
D.R. Wise, H.M. Johnson
2011, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (47) 1110-1135
The SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model was used to perform an assessment of surface-water nutrient conditions and to identify important nutrient sources in watersheds of the Pacific Northwest region of the United States (U.S.) for the year 2002. Our models included variables representing nutrient sources as well...
Early impacts of biological control on canopy cover and water use of the invasive saltcedar tree (Tamarix spp.) in western Nevada, USA
R.R. Pattison, C. M. D’Antonio, T.L. Dudley, Kip K. Allander, B. Rice
2011, Oecologia (165) 605-616
D. carinulata defoliated the majority of trees within 25 and 9 km, respectively, of the release location within 3 years. At the Humboldt site, D. carinulata reduced the canopy cover of trees adjacent to the release location by >90%. At a location 4 km away during the first year of defoliation, D. carinulata reduced peak (August) stem...
Are patterns in nutrient limitation belowground consistent with those aboveground: Results from a 4 million year chronosequence
Sasha C. Reed, P.M. Vitousek, C.C. Cleveland
2011, Biogeochemistry (106) 323-336
Accurately predicting the effects of global change on net carbon (C) exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere requires a more complete understanding of how nutrient availability regulates both plant growth and heterotrophic soil respiration. Models of soil development suggest that the nature of nutrient limitation changes over the course...
The efficacy of salvage logging in reducing subsequent fire severity in conifer-dominated forests of Minnesota, USA
S. Fraver, T. Jain, J.B. Bradford, A.W. D’Amato, D. Kastendick, B. Palik, D. Shinneman, J. Stanovick
2011, Ecological Applications (21) 1895-1901
Although primarily used to mitigate economic losses following disturbance, salvage logging has also been justified on the basis of reducing fire risk and fire severity; however, its ability to achieve these secondary objectives remains unclear. The patchiness resulting from a sequence of recent disturbances—blowdown, salvage logging, and wildfire—provided an excellent...
Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US
P.H. Evangelista, S. Kumar, Thomas J. Stohlgren, N.E. Young
2011, Forest Ecology and Management (262) 307-316
The aim of our study was to estimate forest vulnerability and potential distribution of three bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under current and projected climate conditions for 2020 and 2050. Our study focused on the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis), and pine engraver (Ips pini). This study...
Breeding chorus indices are weakly related to estimated abundance of boreal chorus frogs
P.S. Corn, E. Muths, A.M. Kissel, R. D. Scherer
2011, Copeia (2011) 365-371
Call surveys used to monitor breeding choruses of anuran amphibians generate index values that are frequently used to represent the number of male frogs present, but few studies have quantified this relationship. We compared abundance of male Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata), estimated using capture–recapture methods in two populations in...
A working environment for digital planetary data processing and mapping using ISIS and GRASS GIS
A. Frigeri, T. Hare, M. Neteler, A. Coradini, C. Federico, R. Orosei
2011, Conference Paper, Planetary and Space Science
Since the beginning of planetary exploration, mapping has been fundamental to summarize observations returned by scientific missions. Sensor-based mapping has been used to highlight specific features from the planetary surfaces by means of processing. Interpretative mapping makes use of instrumental observations to produce thematic maps that summarize observations of actual...
Metallothionein-like multinuclear clusters of mercury(II) and sulfur in peat
K. L. Nagy, A. Manceau, J. D. Gasper, J. N. Ryan, G. R. Aiken
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 7298-7306
Strong mercury(II)–sulfur (Hg-SR) bonds in natural organic matter, which influence mercury bioavailability, are difficult to characterize. We report evidence for two new Hg-SR structures using X-ray absorption spectroscopy in peats from the Florida Everglades with added Hg. The first, observed at...
Titan's cloud seasonal activity from winter to spring with Cassini/VIMS
S. Rodriguez, S. Le Mouelic, P. Rannou, Christophe Sotin, R. H. Brown, J. W. Barnes, C.A. Griffith, J. Burgalat, K. H. Baines, B. J. Buratti, R. N. Clark, P. D. Nicholson
2011, Icarus (216) 89-110
Since Saturn orbital insertion in July 2004, the Cassini orbiter has been observing Titan throughout most of the northern winter season (October 2002–August 2009) and the beginning of spring, allowing a detailed monitoring of Titan’s cloud coverage at high spatial resolution with close flybys on a monthly basis. This...
Response of surface processes to climatic change in the dunefields and Loess Plateau of North China during the late Quaternary
H. Lu, J.A. Mason, T. Stevens, Y. Zhou, S. Yi, X. Miao
2011, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (36) 1590-1603
This paper draws on recent optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to evaluate the long‐held assumption that dust accumulation rates in the Loess Plateau and the extent of active aeolian sand in the dunefields to the north have varied together over time, because both are controlled by the strength of the...
Simultaneous speciation of arsenic, selenium, and chromium: Species stability, sample preservation, and analysis of ash and soil leachates
R.E. Wolf, S.A. Morman, P. L. Hageman, T.M. Hoefen, G.S. Plumlee
2011, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (401) 2733-2745
An analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection previously developed for the determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) has been adapted to allow the determination of As(III), As(V), Se(IV), Se(VI), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) under the same chromatographic conditions. Using this method, all six...
Marine and terrestrial factors affecting Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae chick growth and recruitment off the western Antarctic Peninsula
Erik W. Chapman, Eileen E. Hofmann, Donna L. Patterson, Christine A. Ribic, William R. Fraser
2011, Marine Ecology Progress Series (436) 273-289
An individual-based bioenergetics model that simulates the growth of an Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliaechick from hatching to fledging was used to assess marine and terrestrial factors that affect chick growth and fledging mass off the western Antarctic Peninsula. Simulations considered the effects on Adélie penguin fledging mass of (1) modification of...
Review: Regional land subsidence accompanying groundwater extraction
Devin L. Galloway, Thomas J. Burbey
2011, Hydrogeology Journal (19) 1459-1486
The extraction of groundwater can generate land subsidence by causing the compaction of susceptible aquifer systems, typically unconsolidated alluvial or basin-fill aquifer systems comprising aquifers and aquitards. Various ground-based and remotely sensed methods are used to measure and map subsidence. Many areas of subsidence caused by groundwater pumping have been...
An introduction to the practical and ethical perspectives on the need to advance and standardize the intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish
R.S. Brown, M.B. Eppard, K.J. Murchie, Jennifer L. Nielsen, S. J. Cooke
2011, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries (21) 1-9
The intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags (including radio and acoustic telemetry transmitters, passive integrated transponders and archival biologgers) is frequently used for conducting studies on fish. Electronic tagging studies provide information on the spatial ecology, behavior and survival of fish in marine and freshwater systems. However, any surgical procedure,...
Fine-scale spatio-temporal variation in tiger Panthera tigris diet: Effect of study duration and extent on estimates of tiger diet in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Paul M. Kapfer, Henry M. Streby, B. Gurung, A. Simcharoen, C.C. McDougal, J.L.D. Smith
2011, Wildlife Biology (17) 277-285
Attempts to conserve declining tiger Panthera tigris populations and distributions have experienced limited success. The poaching of tiger prey is a key threat to tiger persistence; a clear understanding of tiger diet is a prerequisite to conserve dwindling populations. We used unpublished data on tiger diet in combination with two previously...
Magmatic-vapor expansion and the formation of high-sulfidation gold deposits: Chemical controls on alteration and mineralization
Richard W. Henley, Byron R. Berger
2011, Ore Geology Reviews (39) 63-74
Large bulk-tonnage high-sulfidation gold deposits, such as Yanacocha, Peru, are the surface expression of structurally-controlled lode gold deposits, such as El Indio, Chile. Both formed in active andesite–dacite volcanic terranes. Fluid inclusion, stable isotope and geologic data show that lode deposits formed within 1500 m of the paleo-surface as a...
