Infectious diseases: Surveillance, genetic modification and simulation
H. L. Koh, S.Y. Teh, D. L. De Angelis, J. Jiang
2011, Conference Paper, WIT Transactions on the Built Environment
Infectious diseases such as influenza and dengue have the potential of becoming a worldwide pandemic that may exert immense pressures on existing medical infrastructures. Careful surveillance of these diseases, supported by consistent model simulations, provides a means for tracking the disease evolution. The integrated surveillance and simulation program is essential...
In vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gardenia jasminoides ellis
Y. Fan, Z. Ge, A. Luo
2011, Journal of Medicinal Plant Research (5) 2963-2968
A water-soluble polysaccharide, GP, was isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis through hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The in vitro free radicals scavenging tests exhibited that GP has significant scavenging abilities especially for ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals, which suggests that the polysaccharide GP is a novel antioxidant....
Tsunami inundation and sediment transport in a sediment-limited embayment on American Samoa
A. Apotsos, G. Gelfenbaum, B. Jaffe, Sebastian Watt, B. Peck, M. Buckley, A. Stevens
2011, Earth-Science Reviews (107) 1-11
Field observations and numerical simulations are used to explore tsunami inundation and sediment transport in an embayment (Fagafue Bay) on the north side of Tutuila, American Samoa during the 29 September 2009 South Pacific tsunami. Field observations of the nearshore bathymetry and topography, tsunami flow depth and sediment deposition, and...
A novel approach for direct estimation of fresh groundwater discharge to an estuary
Neil K. Ganju
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
Coastal groundwater discharge is an important source of freshwater and nutrients to coastal and estuarine systems. Directly quantifying the spatially integrated discharge of fresh groundwater over a coastline is difficult due to spatial variability and limited observational methods. In this study, I applied a novel approach to estimate net freshwater...
Thorium abundances of basalt ponds in South Pole-Aitken basin: Insights into the composition and evolution of the far side lunar mantle
Justin Hagerty, D. J. Lawrence, B. R. Hawke
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (116) 1-23
Imbrian-aged basalt ponds, located on the floor of South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, are used to provide constraints on the composition and evolution of the far side lunar mantle. We use forward modeling of the Lunar Prospector Gamma Ray Spectrometer thorium data, to suggest that at least five different and distinct...
Constraints on the long-period moment-dip tradeoff for the Tohoku earthquake
V.C. Tsai, Gavin P. Hayes, Z. Duputel
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
Since the work of Kanamori and Given (1981), it has been recognized that shallow, pure dip‐slip earthquakes excite long‐period surface waves such that it is difficult to independently constrain the moment (M0) and the dip (δ) of the source mechanism, with only the product M0 sin(2δ) being well constrained. Because of this,...
Evaluation of a black-footed ferret resource utilization function model
D.A. Eads, J.J. Millspaugh, Dean E. Biggins, D.S. Jachowski, T.M. Livieri
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 1155-1163
Resource utilization function (RUF) models permit evaluation of potential habitat for endangered species; ideally such models should be evaluated before use in management decision‐making. We evaluated the predictive capabilities of a previously developed black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) RUF. Using the population‐level RUF, generated from ferret observations at an adjacent yet...
The application of prototype point processes for the summary and description of California wildfires
K. Nichols, F.P. Schoenberg, Jon E. Keeley, A. Bray, D. Diez
2011, Journal of Time Series Analysis (32) 420-429
A method for summarizing repeated realizations of a space‐time marked point process, known as prototyping, is discussed and applied to catalogues of wildfires in California. Prototype summaries are constructed for varying time intervals using California wildfire data from 1990 to 2006. Previous work on prototypes for temporal and space‐time point...
Mapping the distribution of materials in hyperspectral data using the USGS Material Identification and Characterization Algorithm (MICA)
Raymond F. Kokaly, T. V. V. King, Todd M. Hoefen
2011, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
Identifying materials by measuring and analyzing their reflectance spectra has been an important method in analytical chemistry for decades. Airborne and space-based imaging spectrometers allow scientists to detect materials and map their distributions across the landscape. With new satellite-borne hyperspectral sensors planned for the future, for example, HYSPIRI (HYPerspectral InfraRed...
Cold-climate slope deposits and landscape modifications of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern USA
Wayne L. Newell, B.D. Dejong
2011, Geological Society Special Publication (354) 259-276
The effects of Pleistocene cold-climate geomorphology are distributed across the weathered and eroded Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain uplands from the Wisconsinan terminal moraine south to Tidewater Virginia. Cold-climate deposits and landscape modifications are superimposed on antecedent landscapes of old, weathered Neogene upland gravels and Pleistocene marine terraces that had been built...
Resource selection by black-footed ferrets in South Dakota and Montana
D.S. Jachowski, J.J. Millspaugh, E. Biggins, T.M. Livieri, Marc R. Matchett, C.D. Rittenhouse
2011, Natural Areas Journal (31) 218-225
The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), once extinct in the wild, remains one of the most critically endangered mammals in North America despite 18 years of reintroduction attempts. Because black-footed ferrets are specialized predators of prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.), a better understanding of how black-footed ferrets select resources might provide insight...
Independent effects of temperature and precipitation on modeled runoff in the conterminous United States
Gregory J. McCabe, David M. Wolock
2011, Water Resources Research (47)
A water‐balance model is used to simulate time series of water‐year runoff for 4 km × 4 km grid cells for the conterminous United States during the 1900–2008 period. Model outputs are used to examine the separate effects of precipitation and temperature on runoff variability. Overall, water‐year runoff has increased...
Scale-dependent factors affecting North American river otter distribution in the midwest
Mackenzie R. Jeffress, Craig P. Paukert, Joanna B. Whittier, B. K. Sandercock, P. S. Gipson
2011, American Midland Naturalist (166) 177-193
The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) is recovering from near extirpation throughout much of its range. Although reintroductions, trapping regulations and habitat improvements have led to the reestablishment of river otters in the Midwest, little is known about how their distribution is influenced by local- and landscape-scale habitat....
Active aeolian processes on Mars: A regional study in Arabia and Meridiani Terrae
S. Silvestro, D.A. Vaz, L.K. Fenton, Paul E. Geissler
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
We present evidence of widespread aeolian activity in the Arabia Terra/Meridiani region (Mars), where different kinds of aeolian modifications have been detected and classified. Passing from the regional to the local scale, we describe one particular dune field in Meridiani Planum, where two ripple populations are distinguished by means of...
Thermal structure and dynamics of Saturn's northern springtime disturbance
L.N. Fletcher, B.E. Hesman, P.G.J. Irwin, K. H. Baines, T.W. Momary, A. Sanchez-Lavega, F.M. Flasar, P.L. Read, G.S. Orton, A. Simon-Miller, R. Hueso, G.L. Bjoraker, A. Mamoutkine, Rio-Gaztelurrutia Del, J.M. Gomez, B. Buratti, R. N. Clark, P. D. Nicholson, Christophe Sotin
2011, Science (332) 1413-1417
Saturn’s slow seasonal evolution was disrupted in 2010–2011 by the eruption of a bright storm in its northern spring hemisphere. Thermal infrared spectroscopy showed that within a month, the resulting planetary-scale disturbance had generated intense perturbations of atmospheric temperatures, winds, and composition between 20° and 50°N over an entire hemisphere...
Use of waveform lidar and hyperspectral sensors to assess selected spatial and structural patterns associated with recent and repeat disturbance and the abundance of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in a temperate mixed hardwood and conifer forest
J.E. Anderson, Mark J. Ducey, A. Fast, M.E. Martin, L. Lepine, M.-L. Smith, T.D. Lee, R.O. Dubayah, M.A. Hofton, P. Hyde, Birgit Peterson, J.B. Blair
2011, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing (5)
Waveform lidar imagery was acquired on September 26, 1999 over the Bartlett Experimental Forest (BEF) in New Hampshire (USA) using NASA's Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS). This flight occurred 20 months after an ice storm damaged millions of hectares of forestland in northeastern North America. Lidar measurements of the amplitude...
Estimating phosphorus availability for microbial growth in an emerging landscape
S.K. Schmidt, C.C. Cleveland, D.R. Nemergut, S.C. Reed, A.J. King, P. Sowell
2011, Geoderma (163) 135-140
Estimating phosphorus (P) availability is difficult—particularly in infertile soils such as those exposed after glacial recession—because standard P extraction methods may not mimic biological acquisition pathways. We developed an approach, based on microbial CO2 production kinetics and conserved carbon:phosphorus (C:P) ratios, to estimate the amount of P available for microbial...
Regional magnetic domains of the Circum-Arctic: A framework for geodynamic interpretation
R. W. Saltus, E. L. Miller, C. Gaina, P. J. Brown
2011, Geological Society Memoir (35) 49-60
We identify and discuss 57 magnetic anomaly pattern domains spanning the Circum-Arctic. The domains are based on analysis of a new Circum-Arctic data compilation. The magnetic anomaly patterns can be broadly related to general geodynamic classification of the crust into stable, deformed (magnetic and nonmagnetic), deep magnetic high, oceanic and...
A first look at the petroleum geology of the Lomonosov Ridge microcontinent, Arctic Ocean
Thomas E. Moore, Arthur Grantz, Janet K. Pitman, Philip J. Brown
2011, Geological Society Memoir (35) 751-769
The Lomonosov microcontinent is an elongated continental fragment that transects the Arctic Ocean between North America and Siberia via the North Pole. Although it lies beneath polar pack ice, the geological framework of the microcontinent is inferred from sparse seismic reflection data, a few cores, potential field data and the...
When a habitat freezes solid: Microorganisms over-winter within the ice column of a coastal Antarctic lake
C.M. Foreman, M. Dieser, M. Greenwood, R.M. Cory, J. Laybourn-Parry, John T. Lisle, C. Jaros, P.L. Miller, Y.-P. Chin, Diane M. McKnight
2011, FEMS Microbiology Ecology (76) 401-412
A major impediment to understanding the biology of microorganisms inhabiting Antarctic environments is the logistical constraint of conducting field work primarily during the summer season. However, organisms that persist throughout the year encounter severe environmental changes between seasons. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we collected ice core samples...
Late Early Permian continental ichnofauna from Lake Kemp, north-central Texas, USA
S. G. Lucas, S. Voigt, A.J. Lerner, W.J. Nelson
2011, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (308) 395-404
Continental trace fossils of Early Permian age are well known in the western United States from Wolfcampian (~ Asselian to Artinskian) strata, but few examples are known from Leonardian (~ Kungurian) deposits. A substantial ichnofauna from strata of the lower part of the Clear Fork Formation at Lake Kemp, Baylor...
Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model
J. Greskowiak, M.B. Hay, H. Prommer, C. Liu, V.E.A. Post, R. Ma, J.A. Davis, C. Zheng, J.M. Zachara
2011, Water Resources Research (47)
Coupled intragrain diffusional mass transfer and nonlinear surface complexation processes play an important role in the transport behavior of U(VI) in contaminated aquifers. Two alternative model approaches for simulating these coupled processes were analyzed and compared: (1) the physical nonequilibrium approach that explicitly accounts for aqueous speciation and instantaneous surface...
Fish entrainment rates through towboat propellers in the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers
Killgore K. Jack, Leandro E. Miranda, C.E. Murphy, D.M. Wolff, J.J. Hoover, T.M. Keevin, S.T. Maynord, M.A. Cornish
2011, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (140) 570-581
A specially designed net was used to study fish entrainment and injury through towboat propellers in 13 pools of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers. The net was attached to the stern of a 48.8‐m‐long towboat with twin propellers (in Kort propulsion nozzles), and sampling typically took place while the...
The Augustine magmatic system as revealed by seismic tomography and relocated earthquake hypocenters from 1994 through 2009
E.M. Syracuse, C.H. Thurber, John A. Power
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116)
We incorporate 14 years of earthquake data from the Alaska Volcano Observatory with data from a 1975 controlled‐source seismic experiment to obtain the three‐dimensional P and S wave velocity structure and the first high‐precision earthquake locations at Augustine Volcano to be calculated in a fully three‐dimensional velocity model. Velocity tomography...
Molecular characterization and comparison of shale oils generated by different pyrolysis methods using FT-ICR mass spectrometry
J.M. Jin, S. Kim, J.E. Birdwell
2011, Conference Paper, ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT ICR-MS) was applied in the analysis of shale oils generated using two different pyrolysis systems under laboratory conditions meant to simulate surface and in situ oil shale retorting. Significant variations were observed in the shale oils, particularly the degree of conjugation of...
