Kinetics of viral shedding provide insights into the epidemiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in Pacific herring
Paul K. Hershberger, Jacob L. Gregg, James R. Winton, Courtney Grady, Rachael Collins
2010, Marine Ecology Progress Series (400) 187-193
Losses from infectious diseases are an important component of natural mortality among marine fish species, but factors controlling the ecology of these diseases and their potential responses to anthropogenic changes are poorly understood. We used viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and a laboratory stock of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii to...
Chronic and persistent viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infections in Pacific herring
Paul K. Hershberger, Jacob L. Gregg, James R. Winton, Cortney A. Grady, L. Taylor
2010, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (93) 43-49
Chronic viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infections were established in a laboratory stock of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii held in a large-volume tank supplied with pathogen-free seawater at temperatures ranging from 6.8 to 11.6°C. The infections were characterized by viral persistence for extended periods and near-background levels of host mortality....
Characterization of mannitol in Curvularia protuberata hyphae by FTIR and Raman spectromicroscopy
Merrill Isenor, Susan G.W. Kaminsky, Russell J. Rodriguez, Regina S. Redman, Kathleen M. Gough
2010, Analyst (135) 3249-3254
FTIR and Raman spectromicroscopy were used to characterize the composition of Curvularia protuberata hyphae, and to compare a strain isolated from plants inhabiting geothermal soils with a non-geothermal isolate. Thermal IR source images of hyphae have been acquired with a 64 × 64 element focal plane array detector; single point IR spectra have been obtained with synchrotron source light. In...
Release of infectious cells from epidermal ulcers in Ichthyophonus sp.–infected Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii): Evidence for multiple mechanisms of transmission
Paul K. Hershberger, Jacob L. Gregg, R. M. Kocan
2010, Journal of Parasitology (96) 348-352
A common clinical sign of ichthyophoniasis in herring and trout is “sandpaper” skin, a roughening of the epidermis characterized by the appearance of small papules, followed by ulceration and sloughing of the epithelium; early investigators hypothesized that these ulcers might be a means of transmitting the parasite, Ichthyophonus sp., without...
Differential growth of U and M type infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus in a rainbow trout–derived cell line, RTG-2
Jeong Woo Park, Chang Hoon Moon, Andrew Wargo, Maureen K. Purcell, Gael Kurath
2010, Journal of Fish Diseases (33) 583-591
Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is one of the most important viral pathogens of salmonids. In rainbow trout, IHNV isolates in the M genogroup are highly pathogenic, while U genogroup isolates are significantly less pathogenic. We show here that, at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, a representative U...
Effectiveness of Wildlife Underpasses and Fencing to Reduce Wildlife–Vehicle Collisions
Frank Van Manen, Matthew F. McCollister
2010, Journal of Wildlife Management (74) 1722-1731
Transportation planners are increasingly incorporating roadway design features to mitigate impacts of highways on wildlife and to increase driver safety. We used camera and track surveys to evaluate wildlife use before and after construction of 3 wildlife underpasses and associated fencing on a new section of United States Highway 64...
Feasibility of Surgically Implanting Acoustic Tags into Pacific Herring
Paul K. Hershberger, Jacob L. Gregg, A.C. Seitz, Brenda L. Norcross, J.C. Payne, A.N. Kagley, B Meloy
2010, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (139) 1288-1291
Internally implanted acoustic tags represent a potentially valuable approach to assessing the seasonal migration and distribution patterns of Pacific herring Clupea palasii. We examined the feasibility of implanting two sizes of dummy acoustic tags (9 mm in diameter × 21 mm long, 1.6 g; and 7 mm in diameter ×...
Reproductive ecology and habitat use of pacific Black Scoters (Melanitta nigra americana) nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Jason L. Schamber, Fred J. Broerman, Paul L. Flint
2010, Waterbirds (33) 129-139
Abundance indices of Black Scoters (Melanitta nigra. americana) breeding in Alaska indicate a long-term population decline without obvious cause (s). However, few life history data are available for the species in North America. In 2001–2004, information was collected on nesting habitat and reproductive parameters (i.e. components of productivity) from a...
Geophysical investigations at Hidden Dam, Raymond, California — Flow simulations
Burke J. Minsley, Scott Ikard
2010, Open-File Report 2010-1153
Numerical flow modeling and analysis of observation-well data at Hidden Dam are carried out to supplement recent geophysical field investigations at the site (Minsley and others, 2010). This work also is complementary to earlier seepage-related studies at Hidden Dam documented by Cedergren (1980a, b). Known seepage areas on the northwest...
Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes—Past, present, and future
Katherine M. Mulliken, Robert I. Tilling, Donald A. Swanson
2010, General Information Product 117
Viewing an erupting volcano is a memorable experience, one that has inspired fear, superstition, worship, curiosity, and fascination since before the dawn of civilization. In modern times, volcanic phenomena have attracted intense scientific interest because they provide the key to understanding processes that have created and shaped more than 80...
Using GIS and Google Earth for the creation of the Going-to-the-Sun Road Avalanche Atlas, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA
Erich H. Peitzsch, Daniel B. Fagre, Mark Dundas
2010, Conference Paper
Snow avalanche paths are key geomorphologic features in Glacier National Park, Montana, and an important component of mountain ecosystems: they are isolated within a larger ecosystem, they are continuously disturbed, and they contain unique physical characteristics (Malanson and Butler, 1984). Avalanches impact subalpine forest structure and function, as well...
Hydrogeology of the Markagunt Plateau, Southwestern Utah
Lawrence E. Spangler
2010, Book chapter, UGA Guidebook
The Markagunt Plateau, in southwestern Utah, lies at an altitude of about 9,500 feet and is capped primarily by Quaternary-age basalt that overlies Eocene-age freshwater limestone of the Claron Formation. Over large parts of the Markagunt Plateau, dissolution of the Claron limestone and subsequent collapse of the overlying basalt have...
Long-term variability in Northern Hemisphere snow cover and associations with warmer winters
Gregory J. McCabe, David M. Wolock
2010, Climatic Change (99) 141-153
A monthly snow accumulation and melt model is used with gridded monthly temperature and precipitation data for the Northern Hemisphere to generate time series of March snow-covered area (SCA) for the period 1905 through 2002. The time series of estimated SCA for March is verified by comparison with previously published...
Application of non-lethal stable isotope analysis to assess feeding patterns of juvenile pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus: a comparison of tissue types and sample preservation methods
R.T. Andvik, J.A. VanDeHey, M.J. Fincel, William E. French, K.N. Bertrand, Steven R. Chipps, Robert A. Klumb, B. D. S. Graeb
2010, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (26) 831-835
Traditional techniques for stable isotope analysis (SIA) generally require sacrificing animals to collect tissue samples; this can be problematic when studying diets of endangered species such as the pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus. Our objectives were to (i) determine if pectoral fin tissue (non-lethal) could be a substitute for muscle tissue (lethal)...
Invertebrate composition and abundance associated with Didymosphenia geminata in a montane stream
Daniel A. James, Steven H. Ranney, Steven R. Chipps, Bryan D. Spindler
2010, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (25) 235-241
Didymosphenia geminata, a relatively new aquatic nuisance species that can form extensive, mucilaginous mats on stream substrates, was reported from Rapid Creek, South Dakota in 2002. To examine the association between D. geminata and the invertebrate community in Rapid Creek, macroinvertebrates were quantified using three gear types in the fall of 2006. D....
Interactions between walleyes and smallmouth bass in a Missouri River reservoir with consideration of the influence of temperature and prey
Melissa R. Wuellner, Steven R. Chipps, David W. Willis, Wells E. Adams Jr.
2010, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (30) 445-463
Walleyes Sander vitreus are the most popular fish among South Dakota anglers, but smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu were introduced to provide new angling opportunities. Some walleye anglers have reported reductions in the quality of walleye fisheries since the introduction of smallmouth bass and attribute this to the consumption of young walleyes by smallmouth bass...
Avoidance of strobe lights by zooplankton
Martin J. Hamel, Nathan S. Richards, Michael L. Brown, Steven R. Chipps
2010, Lake and Reservoir Management (26) 212-216
Underwater strobe lights can influence the behavior and distribution of fishes and are increasingly used as a technique to divert fish away from water intake structures on dams. However, few studies examine how strobe lights may affect organisms other than targeted species. To gain insight on strobe lighting effects on...
Implementation of genetic conservation practices in a muskellunge propagation and stocking program
Martin J. Jennings, Brian L. Sloss, Gene R. Hatzenbeler, Jeffrey M. Kampa, Timothy D. Simonson, Steven P. Avelallemant, Gary A. Lindenberger, Bruce D. Underwood
2010, Fisheries (35) 388-395
Conservation of genetic resources is a challenging issue for agencies managing popular sport fishes. To address the ongoing potential for genetic risks, we developed a comprehensive set of recommendations to conserve genetic diversity of muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) in Wisconsin, and evaluated the extent to which the recommendations can be implemented....
Alternative aircraft anti-icing formulations with reduced aquatic toxicity and biochemical oxygen demand
Harris Gold, Kevin Joback, Steven Geis, George Bowman, Dean Mericas, Steven R. Corsi, Lee Ferguson
2010, Report
The current research was conducted to identify alternative aircraft and pavement deicer and anti-icer formulations with improved environmental characteristics compared to currently used commercial products (2007). The environmental characteristics of primary concern are the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and aquatic toxicity of the fully formulated products. Except when the distinction...
Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: A quantitative analysis for improving PAGER losses
Kristin Marano, David J. Wald, Trevor I. Allen
2010, Natural Hazards (52) 319-328
This study presents a quantitative and geospatial description of global losses due to earthquake-induced secondary effects, including landslide, liquefaction, tsunami, and fire for events during the past 40 years. These processes are of great importance to the US Geological Survey’s (USGS) Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system,...
Mapping the onset and progression of marsh dieback
Elijah Ramsey III, Amina Rangoonwala
2010, Book chapter, Remote sensing of coastal environments
Along the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coasts, vast wetlands inject valuable nutrients and suspended and dissolved materials into the coastal ocean. Juncus roemerianus (black needlerush) wetlands, dominating coastlines in the northeastern GOM, transition to the Spartina alternifl ora (smooth cordgrass) coastline of Louisiana. Mixed marsh and mangrove barrier island systems...
The role of soil fertility in restoring Louisiana's coastal prairie
Larry K. Allain
2010, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 21st North American Prairie Conference : The prairie meets the river
Studies have shown that soil nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), play an important role in the reestablishment of native prairie plant species. Soil N favors early succession species while long-lived native perennials compete favorably in N poor soils and numerous restoration studies have employed carbon additions in the form of sawdust and/or sucrose to...
Inside the crater, outside the crater: Stratigraphic details of the margin of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA
Lucy E. Edwards, David S. Powars, J. Wright Horton, Jr., Gregory Gohn, Jean Self-Trail, R. J. Litwin
2010, Book chapter
Two cores at the outer margin of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure show significant structural and depositional variations that illuminate its history. Detailed stratigraphy of the Watkins School core reveals that this site is outside the disruption boundary of the crater with respect to its lower part (nonmarine Cretaceous Potomac Formation), but just inside the...
Interpretation and analysis of planetary structures
Richard A. Schultz, Ernst Hauber, Simon A. Kattenhorn, Chris H. Okubo, Thomas R. Watters
2010, Journal of Structural Geology (32) 855-875
Structural geology is an integral part of planetary science. Planetary structures provide the framework for determining the character and sequence of crustal deformation while simultaneously establishing the observational basis required to test geodynamic hypotheses for the deformation of planetary and satellite lithospheres. The availability of datasets that record spatial and...
The use of scenario analysis to assess water ecosystem services in response to future land use change in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon
M. Hernandez, W. G. Kepner, D. G. Goodrich, Darius J. Semmens
2010, Book chapter
Human pressures on the natural resources of the United States have resulted in many unintended changes in our ecosystems, e.g., loss of biodiversity, habitat degradation, increases in the number of endangered species, and increases in contamination and water pollution. Environmental managers are concerned about broad-scale changes in land use and...
