Sea otter population structure and ecology in Alaska
James L. Bodkin, Daniel H. Monson
2002, Arctic Research of the United States (16) 31-35
Sea otters are the only fully marine otter. They share a common ancestry with the Old World land otters, but their route of dispersal to the New World is uncertain. The historic range of the species is along the northern Pacific Ocean rim, between central Baja California and the islands...
Performance of a satellite-linked GPS on Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)
Chadwick V. Jay, Gerald W. Garner
2002, Polar Biology (25) 235-237
We evaluated the utility of a satellite-linked GPS in obtaining location data from Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). A unit was attached to one of the tusks of each of three adult male walruses in Bristol Bay, Alaska. The units were designed to relay GPS positions through the Argos Data...
Growth and abundance of Pacific Sand Lance, Ammodytes hexapterus, under differing oceanographic regimes
Martin D. Robards, Floyd Gray, John F. Piatt
2002, Environmental Biology of Fishes (64) 429-441
Dramatic changes in seabird and marine mammal stocks in the Gulf of Alaska have been linked to shifts in abundance and composition of forage fish stocks over the past 20 years. The relative value (e.g., size and condition of individual fish, abundance) of specific forage fish stocks to predators under...
Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000
Z. Lu, J.A. Power, V.S. McConnell, C. Wicks Jr., D. Dzurisin
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (107) ECV 1-1-ECV 1-13
Pilot reports in January 1995 and geologic field observations from the summer of 1996 indicate that a relatively small explosive eruption of Makushin, one of the more frequently active volcanoes in the Aleutian arc of Alaska, occurred on 30 January 1995. Several independent radar interferograms that each span the time...
A near-surface, daytime occurrence of two mesopelagic fish species (Stenobrachius leucopsarus and Leuroglossus schmidti) in a glacial fjord
Alisa A. Abookire, John F. Piatt, Suzann G. Speckman
2002, Fishery Bulletin (100) 376-380
The northern lampfish (Stenobrachius leucopsarus, family Myctophidae) and northern smoothtongue (Leuroglossus schmidti, family Bathylagidae) are mesopelagic fishes, defined by their vertical distribution in the mesopelagic zone (200–1000 m) during daylight hours. Northern lampfish range from the Bering Sea to southern California (Shimada, 1948), where their abundance is highest along the...
Seasonal comparisons of sea ice concentration estimates derived from SSM/I, OKEAN, and RADARSAT data
Gennady I. Belchansky, David C. Douglas
2002, Remote Sensing of Environment (81) 67-81
The Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) microwave satellite radiometer and its predecessor SMMR are primary sources of information for global sea ice and climate studies. However, comparisons of SSM/I, Landsat, AVHRR, and ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) have shown substantial seasonal and regional differences in their estimates of sea ice...
A tectonic earthquake sequence preceding the April-May 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska
S.C. Moran, S.D. Stihler, J.A. Power
2002, Bulletin of Volcanology (64) 520-524
On 4 March 1999, a shallow ML 5.2 earthquake occurred beneath Unimak Island in the Aleutian Arc. This earthquake was located 10-15 km west of Shishaldin Volcano, a large, frequently active basaltic-andesite stratovolcano. A Strombolian eruption began at Shishaldin roughly 1 month after the mainshock, culminating in a large explosive...
Paleoseismology at high latitudes: Seismic disturbance of upper Quaternary deposits along the Castle Mountain fault near Houston, Alaska
Peter J. Haeussler, Timothy C. Best, Christopher F. Waythomas
2002, Geological Society of America Bulletin (114) 1296-1310
Most paleoseismic studies are at low to moderate latitudes. Here we present results from a high-latitude (61°30′ N) trenching study of the Castle Mountain fault in south-central Alaska. This fault is the only one known in the greater Anchorage, Alaska, area with historical seismicity and a Holocene fault scarp. It...
A new population of Aleutian shield fern (Polystichum aleuticum C. Christens.) on Adak Island, Alaska
Sandra L. Talbot, Stephen S. Talbot
2002, American Fern Journal (92) 288-293
We report and describe a new population of the endangered Aleutian shield fern (Polystichum aleuticum C. Christens.) discovered on Mount Reed, Adak Island, Alaska. The new population is located at a lower elevation than the other known populations, placing the species' known elevational range between 338 m and 525 m....
Bryophytes from Tuxedni Wilderness area, Alaska
Wilfred B. Schofield, Stephen S. Talbot, Sandra L. Talbot
2002, Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory (92) 91-123
The bryoflora of two small maritime islands, Chisik and Duck Island (2,302 ha), comprising Tuxedni Wilderness in western lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, was examined to determine species composition in an area where no previous collections had been reported. The field study was conducted from sites selected to represent the totality...
Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaska
J.R. Kucklick, W.D.J. Struntz, P.R. Becker, G.W. York, T. M. O'Hara, J.E. Bohonowych
2002, Science of the Total Environment (287) 45-59
Blubber samples from ringed seal (Phoca hispida; n=8) and polar bear subcutaneous fat (Ursus maritimus; n=5) were collected near Barrow, Alaska in 1996 as part of the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) and retained in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank at the National Institute of Standards and Technology...
Magmatic inflation at a dormant stratovolcano: 1996-1998 activity at Mount Peulik volcano, Alaska, revealed by satellite radar interferometry
Zhong Lu, Charles W. Wicks Jr., Daniel Dzurisin, John A. Power, Seth C. Moran, Wayne R. Thatcher
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (107) ETG 4-1-ETG 4-13
A series of ERS radar interferograms that collectively span the time interval from July 1992 to August 2000 reveal that a presumed magma body located 6.6 ??? 0.5 km beneath the southwest flank of the Mount Peulik volcano inflated 0.051 ??? 0.005 km3 between October 1996 and September 1998. Peulik...
Characteristics of sediment discharge in the subarctic Yukon River, Alaska
K.A. Chikita, R. Kemnitz, R. Kumai
2002, Catena (48) 235-253
The characteristics of sediment discharge in the Yukon River, Alaska were investigated by monitoring water discharge, water turbidity and water temperature. The river-transported sediment, 90 wt.% or more, consists of silt and clay (grain size ??? 62.5 ??m), which probably originated in the glacier-covered mountains mostly in the Alaska Range....
Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models with atmospheric CO2 measurements: Results from transient simulations considering increasing CO2, climate, and land-use effects
R.J. Dargaville, Martin Heimann, A. D. McGuire, I. C. Prentice, D. W. Kicklighter, F. Joos, Joy S. Clein, G. Esser, J. Foley, J. Kaplan, R.A. Meier, J. M. Melillo, B. Moore III, N. Ramankutty, T. Reichenau, A. Schloss, S. Sitch, H. Tian, L.J. Williams, U. Wittenberg
2002, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (16) 39-1-39-15
An atmospheric transport model and observations of atmospheric CO2 are used to evaluate the performance of four Terrestrial Carbon Models (TCMs) in simulating the seasonal dynamics and interannual variability of atmospheric CO2 between 1980 and 1991. The TCMs were forced with time varying atmospheric CO2 concentrations, climate, and land use to simulate the...
Educational background and professional participation by federal wildlife biologists: Implications for science, management, and The Wildlife Society
Joel A. Schmutz
2002, Wildlife Society Bulletin (30) 594-598
Over 2,000 people are employed in wildlife biology in the United States federal government. The size of this constituency motivated me to examine the amount of formal education federal biologists have received and the extent of continuing education they undertake by reading journals or attending scientific meetings. Most federal biologists...
The effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth of western hemlock-Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska
R.L. Deal, J. C. Tappeiner
2002, Forest Ecology and Management (159) 173-186
The effects of partial cutting on species composition, new and residual-tree cohorts, tree size distribution, and tree growth was evaluated on 73 plots in 18 stands throughout southeast Alaska. These partially cut stands were harvested 12-96 years ago, when 16-96% of the former stand basal area was removed. Partial cutting...
Deformation associated with the 1997 eruption of Okmok volcano, Alaska
Dorte Mann, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, Z. Lu
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (107) ETG 7-1-ETG 7-12
Okmok volcano, located on Umnak Island in the Aleutian chain, Alaska, is the most eruptive caldera system in North America in historic time. Its most recent eruption occurred in 1997. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry shows deflation of the caldera center of up to 140 cm during this time, preceded and...
Late Cretaceous through Cenozoic strike-slip tectonics of southwestern Alaska
Marti L. Miller, Dwight Bradley, Thomas K. Bundtzen, William C. McClelland
2002, Journal of Geology (110) 247-270
New geologic mapping and geochronology show that margin-parallel strike-slip faults on the western limb of the southern Alaska orocline have experienced multiple episodes of dextral motion since ~100 Ma. These faults are on the upper plate of a subduction zone ~350-450 km inboard of the paleotrench. In southwestern Alaska, dextral...
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar studies of Alaska volcanoes
Z. Lu, C. Wicks Jr., J. Power, D. Dzurisin, W. Thatcher, Timothy Masterlark
2002, Conference Paper, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imaging is a recently developed geodetic technique capable of measuring ground-surface deformation with centimeter to subcentimeter vertical precision and spatial resolution of tens-of-meter over a relatively large region (/spl sim/10/sup 4/ km/sup 2/). The spatial distribution of surface deformation data, derived from InSAR images, enables...
Activity patterns and time budgets of the declining sea otter population at Amchitka Island, Alaska
Thomas S. Gelatt, Donald B. Siniff, James A. Estes
2002, Journal of Wildlife Management (66) 29-39
Time budgets of predators may reflect population status if time spent foraging varies with local prey abun- dance. We assumed that the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population at Amchitka Island, Alaska, USA, had been at equilibrium since the early 1960s and collected time budgets of otters to be used to...
The porcupine caribou herd
Brad Griffith, David C. Douglas, Noreen E. Walsh, Donald D. Young, Thomas R. McCabe, Donald E. Russell, Robert G. White, Raymond D. Cameron, Kenneth R. Whitten
David C. Douglas, Patricia E. Reynolds, E. B. Rhode, editor(s)
2002, Biological Science Report 2002-0001-3
Documentation of the natural range of variation in ecological, life history, and physiological characteristics of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of the Porcupine caribou herd is a necessary base for detecting or predicting any potential effects of industrial development on the performance (e.g., distribution, demography, weight-gain of individuals) of the herd. To...
The central arctic caribou herd
Raymond D. Cameron, Walter T. Smith, Robert G. White, Brad Griffith
David C. Douglas, Patricia E. Reynolds, E. B. Rhode, editor(s)
2002, Biological Science Report 2002-0001-4
From the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s, use of calving and summer habitats by Central Arctic herd caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) declined near petroleum development infrastructure on Alaska's arctic coastal plain (Cameron et al. 1979; Cameron and Whitten 1980, Smith and Cameron 1983. Whitten and Cameron 1983a, 1985: Dau and Cameron...
Predators
Donald D. Young, Thomas R. McCabe, Robert E. Ambrose, Gerald W. Garner, Greg J. Weiler, Harry V. Reynolds, Mark S. Udevitz, Dan J. Reed, Brad Griffith
David C. Douglas, Patricia E. Reynolds, E. B. Rhode, editor(s)
2002, Biological Science Report 2002-0001-6
Calving caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of the Central Arctic herd, Alaska, have avoided the infrastructure associated with the complex of petroleum development areas from Prudhoe Bay to Kuparuk (Cameron et al. 1992, Nellemann and Cameron 1998, and Section 4 of this document). Calving females of the Porcupine caribou herd may similarly...
Does food availability affect energy expenditure rates of nesting seabirds? A supplemental-feeding experiment with Black-Legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla)
Patrick G.R. Jodice, Daniel D. Roby, Scott A. Hatch, Verena A. Gill, Richard B. Lanctot, G. Henk Visser
2002, Canadian Journal of Zoology (80) 214-222
We used a supplemental-feeding experiment, the doubly labeled water technique, and a model-selection approach based upon the Akaike Information Criterion to examine effects of food availability on energy expenditure rates of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) raising young. Energy expenditure rates of supplementally fed females (n = 14) and males (n...
Golden eagles in the U.S. and Canada: Status, trends, and conservation challenges
Michael N. Kochert, Karen Steenhof
2002, Journal of Raptor Research (36) 32-40
We reviewed the literature to assess status and population trends and to identify mortality factors affecting Golden Eagle populations in the U.S. and Canada. Nesting populations in Alaska and Canada are stable, but some nesting populations in the western U.S. have declined. Small but steady declines in the intermountain West have...
