On the resolution of shallow mantle viscosity structure using post-earthquake relaxation data: Application to the 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake
Fred F. Pollitz, Wayne R. Thatcher
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth
Most models of lower crust/mantle viscosity inferred from postearthquake relaxation assume one or two uniform-viscosity layers. A few existing models possess apparently significant radially variable viscosity structure in the shallow mantle (e.g., the upper 200 km), but the resolution of such variations is not clear. We use a geophysical inverse...
Isotope reference materials
Tyler B. Coplen
2010, Book chapter, The encyclopedia of mass spectrometry
Measurement of the same isotopically homogeneous sample by any laboratory worldwide should yield the same isotopic composition within analytical uncertainty. International distribution of light element isotopic reference materials by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology enable laboratories to achieve this goal....
The age of the Steens reversal and the Columbia River Basalt Group
Nicholas A. Jarboe, Robert S. Coe, Paul R. Renne, Jonathan M. G. Glen
2010, Chemical Geology (274) 158-168
The Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) eruptions have a well-defined relative magnetostratigraphy but have not been definitively correlated to the geomagnetic polarity time scale. 40Ar/39Ar ages are presented from lavas erupted in the R0 through N1magnetozones of the CRBG and in the transition between R0 and N0. Four ages from transitionally magnetized lava flows at Steens Mountain,...
Quantifying rock uplift rates using channel steepness and cosmogenic nuclide–determined erosion rates: Examples from northern and southern Italy
Andrew J. Cyr, Darryl E. Granger, Valerio Olivetti, Paola Molin
2010, Lithosphere (2) 188-198
Rock uplift rates can be difficult to measure over 103–105 yr time scales. If, however, a landscape approaches steady state, where hillslope erosion and rock uplift rates are steady and locally similar, then it should be possible to quantify rock uplift rates from hillslope erosion rates. Here, we test this prediction...
Comparison of transport and attachment behaviors of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and oocyst-sized microspheres being advected through three minerologically different granular porous media
Arvind Mohanram, Chittaranjan Ray, Ronald W. Harvey, David W. Metge, Joseph N. Ryan, Jon Chorover, D. D. Eberl
2010, Water Research (44) 5334-5344
In order to gain more information about the fate of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in tropical volcanic soils, the transport and attachment behaviors of oocysts and oocyst-sized polystyrene microspheres were studied in the presence of two soils. These soils were chosen because of their differing chemical and physical properties, i.e., an organic-rich (43–46%...
Evaluation of a reproductive index for estimating productivity of grassland breeding birds
M.R. Morgan, C. Norment, M.C. Runge
2010, The Auk (127) 86-93
Declining populations of grassland breeding birds have led to increased efforts to assess habitat quality, typically by estimating density or relative abundance. Because some grassland habitats may function as ecological traps, a more appropriate metric for determining quality is breeding success, which is challenging to determine for many cryptic-nesting grassland...
Migrating tremors illuminate complex deformation beneath the seismogenic San Andreas fault
David R. Shelly
2010, Nature (463) 648-652
The San Andreas fault is one of the most extensively studied faults in the world, yet its physical character and deformation mode beneath the relatively shallow earthquake-generating portion remain largely unconstrained. Tectonic ‘non-volcanic’ tremor, a recently discovered seismic signal probably generated by shear slip on the deep extension of some major...
Comparison of aquifer characterization approaches through steady state groundwater model validation: A controlled laboratory sandbox study
W.A. Illman, J. Zhu, A.J. Craig, D. Yin
2010, Water Resources Research (46)
Groundwater modeling has become a vital component to water supply and contaminant transport investigations. An important component of groundwater modeling under steady state conditions is selecting a representative hydraulic conductivity (K) estimate or set of estimates which defines the K field of the studied region. Currently, there are a number...
Timing and origin for sand dunes in the Green River Lowland of Illinois, upper Mississippi River Valley, USA
X. Miao, P.R. Hanson, Hongfang Wang, A.R. Young
2010, Quaternary Science Reviews (29) 763-773
The recent increase in dune studies in North America has been heavily focused in the Great Plains, while less attention has historically been given to the dune fields east of the Mississippi River. Here we report ages and suggest a potential sediment source for sand dunes in the Green River...
Potential of kaolin-based particle film barriers for Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) control
B.A. Wiltz, W.D. Woodson, G.J. Puterka
2010, Sociobiology (55) 405-414
Effects of three particle film products on Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were evaluated in feeding, tunneling, and contact assays. The particle films, hydrophobic M96-018 and hydrophilic Surround and Surround WP are based on the inert clay mineral kaolin. In 2-week long no-choice feeding tests, significant mortality occurred only...
Saturn's icy satellites investigated by Cassini-VIMS. II. Results at the end of nominal mission
G. Filacchione, F. Capaccioni, R. N. Clark, J.N. Cuzzi, D. P. Cruikshank, A. Coradini, P. Cerroni, P. D. Nicholson, T. B. McCord, R. H. Brown, B. J. Buratti, F. Tosi, R.M. Nelson, R. Jaumann, K. Stephan
2010, Icarus (206) 507-523
We report the detailed analysis of the spectrophotometric properties of Saturn's icy satellites as derived by full-disk observations obtained by visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) experiment aboard Cassini. In this paper, we have extended the coverage until the end of the Cassini's nominal mission (June 1st 2008), while a...
Uses and biases of volunteer water quality data
J.V. Loperfido, P. Beyer, C.L. Just, J. L. Schnoor
2010, Environmental Science & Technology (44) 7193-7199
State water quality monitoring has been augmented by volunteer monitoring programs throughout the United States. Although a significant effort has been put forth by volunteers, questions remain as to whether volunteer data are accurate and can be used by regulators. In this study, typical volunteer water quality measurements from laboratory...
Seabird bycatch in Alaska demersal longline fishery trials: a demographic summary
Elizabeth M. Phillips, HannahRose M. Nevins, Scott A. Hatch, Andrew M. Ramey, Melissa A. Miller, James T. Harvey
2010, Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation (38) 111-117
The seasonal and spatial demographics are summarized for seabirds killed incidentally during gear modification trials for a demersal longline fishery in the Bering Sea. We examined 417 carcasses, including Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis (n = 205), Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens (n = 103), Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris (n = 48),...
Recruitment of burbot (Lota lota L.) in Lake Erie: An empirical modelling approach
M.A. Stapanian, L.D. Witzel, A. Cook
2010, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (19) 326-337
World-wide, many burbot Lota lota (L.) populations have been extirpated or are otherwise in need of conservation measures. By contrast, burbot made a dramatic recovery in Lake Erie during 1993-2001 but declined during 2002-2007, due in part to a sharp decrease in recruitment. We used Akaike's Information Criterion to evaluate...
Whole-rock Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic constraints on the growth of southeastern Laurentia during Grenvillian orogenesis
C. M. Fisher, S. L. Loewy, C. F. Miller, P. Berquist, W. R. Van Schmus, R. D. Hatcher Jr., J. L. Wooden, P. D. Fullagar
2010, Geological Society of America Bulletin (122) 1646-1659
The conventional view that the basement of the southern and central Appalachians represents juvenile Mesoproterozoic crust, the final stage of growth of Laurentia prior to Grenville collision, has recently been challenged. New whole-rock Pb and Sm‑Nd isotopic data are presented from Mesoproterozoic basement in the southern and central Appalachians and...
Sensitivity of early life stages of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) to acute and chronic toxicity of lead, cadmium, and zinc in water
Ning Wang, Christopher G. Ingersoll, Chris D. Ivey, Douglas K. Hardesty, Thomas W. May, T. Augspurger, A.D. Roberts, E. Van Genderen, M.C. Barnhart
2010, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (29) 2053-2063
Toxicity of lead, cadmium, or zinc to early life stages of freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea; Neosho mucket, L. rafinesqueana) was evaluated in 48‐h exposures with mussel larvae (glochidia), in 96‐h exposures with newly transformed (5‐d‐old) and two‐ or six‐month‐old juvenile mussels, or in 28‐d exposures with two‐ or four‐month‐old mussels in...
Assessment of extreme quantitative precipitation forecasts and development of regional extreme event thresholds using data from HMT-2006 and COOP observers
F.M. Ralph, E. Sukovich, D. Reynolds, M. Dettinger, S. Weagle, W. Clark, P.J. Neiman
2010, Journal of Hydrometeorology (11) 1286-1304
Extreme precipitation events, and the quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) associated with them, are examined. The study uses data from the Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT), which conducted its first field study in California during the 2005/06 cool season. National Weather Service River Forecast Center (NWS RFC) gridded QPFs for 24-h periods at...
Sap flux-scaled transpiration by tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda carinulata)
K. R. Hultine, P.L. Nagler, K. Morino, S.E. Bush, K.G. Burtch, P.E. Dennison, E. P. Glenn, J.R. Ehleringer
2010, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (150) 1467-1475
The release of the saltcedar beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) has resulted in the periodic defoliation of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) along more than 1000 river km in the upper Colorado River Basin and is expected to spread along many other river reaches throughout the upper basin, and possibly into the lower Colorado...
Molecular investigations into a globally important carbon pool: Permafrost-protected carbon in Alaskan soils
M. P. Waldrop, K.P. Wickland, Rickie White, A.A. Berhe, J.W. Harden, V.E. Romanovsky
2010, Global Change Biology (16) 2543-2554
The fate of carbon (C) contained within permafrost in boreal forest environments is an important consideration for the current and future carbon cycle as soils warm in northern latitudes. Currently, little is known about the microbiology or chemistry of permafrost soils that may affect its decomposition once soils thaw. We...
Quantifying potential tsunami hazard in the Puysegur subduction zone, south of New Zealand
G.P. Hayes, K.P. Furlong
2010, Geophysical Journal International (183) 1512-1524
Studies of subduction zone seismogenesis and tsunami potential, particularly of large subduction zones, have recently seen a resurgence after the great 2004 earthquake and tsunami offshore of Sumatra, yet these global studies have generally neglected the tsunami potential of small subduction zones such as the Puysegur subduction zone, south of...
Wildlife underpasses on U.S. 64 in North Carolina: integrating management and science objectives
Mark D. Jones, Frank T. van Manen, Travis W. Wilson, David R. Cox
2010, Book chapter, Safe Passages: Highways, Wildlife, and Habitat Connectivity
This chapter on wildlife underpasses on U.S. Highway 64 in North Carolina is from a book on highways, wildlife, and habitat connectivity. U.S. 64 is an important route in North Carolina connecting major population centers and highways that underwent a major upgrade from a two-lane rural road to a major...
Assemblage patterns of fish functional groups relative to habitat connectivity and conditions in floodplain lakes
S. Miyazono, J.N. Aycock, L.E. Miranda, T.E. Tietjen
2010, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (19) 578-585
We evaluated the influences of habitat connectivity and local environmental factors on the distribution and abundance patterns of fish functional groups in 17 floodplain lakes in the Yazoo River Basin, USA. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses showed that species-environmental relationships varied with the functional groups. Species richness and...
Population trends in northern spotted owls: Associations with climate in the Pacific Northwest
E.M. Glenn, R.G. Anthony, E.D. Forsman
2010, Biological Conservation (143) 2543-2552
We used reverse time capture-mark-recapture models to describe associations between rate of population change (??) and climate for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) at six long-term study areas in Washington and Oregon, USA. Populations in three of six areas showed strong evidence of declining populations, while populations in two...
Theory for source-responsive and free-surface film modeling of unsaturated flow
J. R. Nimmo
2010, Vadose Zone Journal (9) 295-306
A new model explicitly incorporates the possibility of rapid response, across significant distance, to substantial water input. It is useful for unsaturated flow processes that are not inherently diffusive, or that do not progress through a series of equilibrium states. The term source-responsive is used to mean that flow responds...
Early observations on an emerging Great Lakes invader Hemimysis anomala in Lake Ontario
Maureen G. Walsh, Brian F. Lantry, Brent Boscarino, Kelly Bowen, Jocelyn Gerlofsma, Ted Schaner, Richard Back, Jennifer Questel, A. Garry Smythe, Roberta Cap, Michael Goehle, Bryan Young, Marc A. Chalupnicki, James H. Johnson, James E. McKenna
2010, Journal of Great Lakes Research (36) 499-504
Hemimysis anomala, a Ponto-Caspian littoral mysid, is an emerging Great Lakes invader that was discovered in Lakes Michigan and Ontario in 2006. Similar to the native mysid Mysis diluviana, Hemimysis exhibits a diel vertical migration pattern but generally inhabits shallower and warmer waters than M. diluviana. Because basic information on...
