Setting the stage for a sustainable Pacific salmon fisheries strategy
Donald D. MacDonald, Cleveland R. Steward, E. Eric Knudsen
E. Eric Knudsen, Cleveland R. Steward, Donald D. MacDonald, Jack E. Williams, Dudley W. Reiser, editor(s)
1999, Book chapter, Sustainable fisheries management: Pacific salmon
Salmon and steelhead Oncorhynchus spp., have been keystone species for ecosystems and human cultures of the North American Pacific coast for cons. Yet, in the past century, many populations have been greatly diminished and some are now extinct-the result of a combination of factors, including habitat loss and degradation, overfishing,...
Turnagain Arm
Peter J. Haeussler, L. Dilley
1999, Book chapter, American Institute of Professional Geologists Annual Meeting Field Trip
No abstract available....
Status and biology of the Steller's eider in Yakutia, Russia
Andrei G. Degtyarev, S.M. Sleptsov, S.P. Troev, John M. Pearce, Margaret R. Petersen
1999, Casarca (5) 249-262
No abstract available....
Discovery of a new Kittlitz's murrelet nest: Clues to habitat selection and nest-site fidelity
John F. Piatt, Nancy L. Naslund, Thomas I. van Pelt
1999, Northwestern Naturalist (80) 8-13
On 13 June 1993, a new Kittlitz's murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) nest was discovered near Red Mountain on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. The nest was on a 22° slope at about 900 m elevation with a northeast aspect, and contained a 60.2 × 40.6 mm egg that weighed 49.0 g. Downy...
Productivity, diets, and environmental contaminants in nesting bald eagles from the Aleutian Archipelago
R.G. Anthony, A.K. Miles, J. A. Estes, F.B. Isaacs
1999, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (18) 2054-2062
We studied productivity, diets, and environmental contaminants in nesting bald eagles from the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA, during the summers of 1993 and 1994. Productivity on Adak, Tanaga, and Amchitka Islands ranged from 0.88 to 1.24 young produced per occupied site and was comparable to that of healthy populations...
Effects of recent volcanic eruptions on aquatic habitat in the Drift River, Alaska, USA: Implications at other Cook Inlet region volcanoes
J.M. Dorava, A.M. Milner
1999, Environmental Management (23) 217-230
Numerous drainages supporting productive salmon habitat are surrounded by active volcanoes on the west side of Cook Inlet in south-central Alaska. Eruptions have caused massive quantities of flowing water and sediment to enter the river channels emanating from glaciers and snowfields on these volcanoes. Extensive damage to riparian and aquatic...
At-sea distribution of Spectacled Eiders: A 120-year-old mystery resolved
Margaret R. Petersen, William W. Larned, David C. Douglas
1999, The Auk (116) 1009-1020
The at-sea distribution of the threatened Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) has remained largely undocumented. We identified migration corridors, staging and molting areas, and wintering areas of adult Spectacled Eiders using implanted satellite-transmitters in birds from each of the three extant breeding grounds (North Slope and Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska and...
Dynamics of food availability, body condition and physiological stress response in breeding Black-legged Kittiwakes
A.S. Kitaysky, J.C. Wingfield, John F. Piatt
1999, Functional Ecology (13) 577-584
1. The seasonal dynamics of body condition (BC), circulating corticosterone levels (baseline, BL) and the adrenocortical response to acute stress (SR) were examined in long-lived Black-legged Kittiwakes, Rissa tridactyla, breeding at Duck (food-poor colony) and Gull (food-rich colony) Islands in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. It was tested whether the dynamics...
Seasonal variability in hydrologic-system response to intense rain events, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.
J.C. Denner, D. E. Lawson, G.J. Larson, E.B. Evenson, R. B. Alley, J.C. Strasser, S. Kopczynski
1999, Annals of Glaciology (28) 267-271
Two rain events at Matanuska Glacier illustrate how subglacial drainage system development and snowpack conditions affect hydrologic response at the terminus. On 21 and 22 September 1995, over 56 mm of rain fell in the basin during a period usually characterized by much drier conditions. This event caused an 8-fold...
Genetic structure of the world's polar bear populations
David Paetkau, Steven C. Amstrup, E.W. Born, W. Calvert, A.E. Derocher, G.W. Garner, F. Messier, I. Stirling, M.K. Taylor, O. Wiig, C. Strobeck
1999, Molecular Ecology (8) 1571-1584
We studied genetic structure in polar bear (Ursus maritimus) populations by typing a sample of 473 individuals spanning the species distribution at 16 highly variable microsatellite loci. No genetic discontinuities were found that would be consistent with evolutionarily significant periods of isolation between groups. Direct comparison of movement data and...
Managing Pacific salmon escapements: The gaps between theory and reality
E. Eric Knudsen
E. Eric Knudsen, Cleveland R. Steward, Donald D. MacDonald, Jack E. Williams, Dudley W. Reiser, editor(s)
1999, Book chapter, Sustainable fisheries management: Pacific salmon
There are myriad challenges to estimating intrinsic production capacity for Pacific salmon populations that are heavily exploited and/or suffering from habitat alteration. Likewise, it is difficult to determine whether perceived decreases in production are due to harvest, habitat, or hatchery influences, natural variation, or some combination of all four. There...
The epipelagic fish community of Beaufort Sea coastal waters, Alaska
L. E. Jarvela, Lyman K. Thorsteinson
1999, Arctic (52) 80-94
A three-year study of epipelagic fishes inhabiting Beaufort Sea coastal waters in Alaska documented spatial and temporal patterns in fish distribution and abundance and examined their relationships to thermohaline features during summer. Significant interannual, seasonal, and geographical differences in surface water temperatures and salinities were observed. In 1990, sea ice...
Stream restoration at Denali National Park and Preserve
Roseann V. Densmore, Kenneth F. Karle
1999, Conference Paper, Proceedings: High altitude revegetation workshop No. 13; Information series no. 89
Placer mining for gold has severely disturbed many riparian ecosystems in northern regions. We are conducting a long-term project to test methods to promote restoration of a placer-mined watershed in Denali National Park and Preserve. The project included hydrological restoration of the unstable and excessively confined stream with heavy equipment....
Comparison of TOMS and AVHRR volcanic ash retrievals from the August 1992 eruption of Mt. Spurr
N.A. Krotkov, O. Torres, C. Seftor, A.J. Krueger, A. Kostinski, William I. Rose Jr., G.J.S. Bluth, D. Schneider, S.J. Schaefer
1999, Geophysical Research Letters (26) 455-458
On August 19, 1992, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard NOAA-12 and NASA's Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) onboard the Nimbus-7 satellite simultaneously detected and mapped the ash cloud from the eruption of Mt. Spurr, Alaska. The spatial extent and geometry of the cloud derived from the two...
Juvenile Marbled Murrelet nurseries and the productivity index
Kathy J. Kuletz, John F. Piatt
1999, The Wilson Bulletin (111) 257-261
Late summer counts of juveniles at sea are used as an index of Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) reproductive success, but little is known about juvenile dispersal or habitat use. Further, it is not known whether these counts accurately reflect absolute breeding success. To address these questions we conducted five boat...
Evaluations of plastic mesh tubes for protecting conifer seedling from pocket gophers in three western states
Richard M. Engeman, Richard M. Anthony, Victor G. Barnes, Heather W. Krupa, James Evans
1999, Western Journal of Applied Forestry (14) 86-90
The efficacy of plastic mesh tubes for protecting conifer seedlings from pocket gopher damage was evaluated on three national forest lands in three states. In each area, cohorts of 640 protected seedlings and 640 unprotected seedlings (3,840 total) were individually monitored for damage, survival, and growth twice each summer for...
Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica in Alaska: A population estimate from the staging grounds
Robert E. Gill Jr., Brian J. McCaffery
1999, Wader Study Group Bulletin (88) 49-54
Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica were surveyed on their staging grounds in Alaska during September 1995 and 1997. The single high count of 94,000 birds closely matched that of counts from New Zealand and south-eastern Australia, the known non-breeding area for most of the baueri subspecies. Numbers recorded on the southern...
The complex frequencies of long-period seismic events as probes of fluid composition beneath volcanoes
Hiroyuki Kumagai, B. A. Chouet
1999, Geophysical Journal International (138)
Long-period (LP) events have been widely observed in relation to magmatic and hydrothermal activities in volcanic areas. LP waveforms characterized by their harmonic signature have been interpreted as oscillations of a fluid-filled resonator, and mixtures of liquid and gas in the form of bubbly liquids have been mainly assumed for...
Dendrochronology and late Holocene history of Bering piedmont glacier, Alaska
G.C. Wiles, A. Post, E.H. Muller, B. F. Molnia
1999, Quaternary Research (52) 185-195
Fluctuations of the piedmont lobe of Bering Glacier and its sublobe Steller Glacier over the past two millennia are reconstructed using 34 radiocarbon dates and tree-ring data from 16 sites across the glaciers' forelands. The general sequence of glacial activity is consistent with well-dated fluctuations of tidewater and land-terminating glaciers...
Modeling bird mortality associated with the M/V Citrus oil spill off St. Paul Island, Alaska
Paul L. Flint, Ada C. Fowler, Robert F. Rockwell
1999, Ecological Modelling (117) 261-267
We developed a model to estimate the number of bird carcasses that were likely deposited on the beaches of St. Paul Island, Alaska following the M/V Citrus oil spill in February 1996. Most of the islands beaches were searched on an irregular schedule, resulting in the recovery of 876 King...
Kinematic analysis of melange fabrics: Examples and applications from the McHugh Complex, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska
T.M. Kusky, D. C. Bradley
1999, Journal of Structural Geology (21) 1773-1796
Permian to Cretaceous melange of the McHugh Complex on the Kenai Peninsula, south-central Alaska includes blocks and belts of graywacke, argillite, limestone, chert, basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks, intruded by a variety of igneous rocks. An oceanic plate stratigraphy is repeated hundreds of times across the map area, but most...
Stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from Beaufort Sea coastal sites of Arctic Alaska and Canada
C.C. Krueger, R.L. Wilmot, R.J. Everett
1999, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (128) 49-57
Anadromous northern Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma support a summer subsistence fishery in Beaufort Sea coastal waters. These same waters coincide with areas of oil and gas exploration and development. The purpose of this study was to assess variation in stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from sites along 400 km...
Use of female nest characteristics in the sexual behaviour of male sockeye salmon
T.R. Hamon, C.J. Foote, G.S. Brown
1999, Journal of Fish Biology (55) 459-471
On three island beaches in Iliamna Lake, Alaska, large numbers of male sockeye salmon gathered and spawned in artificial excavations that mimicked a female's nest immediately prior to spawning, while apparently ignoring the control site. The number of males attracted was correlated positively with changes in the operational sex ratio....
Patterns of variation in size and composition of Greater Scaup eggs: Are they related?
Paul L. Flint, J. Barry Grand
1999, The Wilson Bulletin (111) 465-471
We studied egg size variation of Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska from 1991-1996. Mean egg size was 64.36±0.03 (SE) ml. Egg size did not vary with clutch size or serve as an index of body size. There was less than 2% overlap in total clutch...
Detrital zircon geochronology of the Adams Argillite and Nation River Formation, east-central Alaska, U.S.A
G. E. Gehrels, M. J. Johnsson, D. G. Howell
1999, Journal of Sedimentary Research (69) 135-144
The Cambrian Adams Argillite and the Devonian Nation River Formation are two sandstone-bearing units within a remarkably complete Paleozoic stratigraphic section in east-central Alaska. These strata, now foreshortened and fault-bounded, were originally contiguous with miogeoclinal strata to the east that formed as a...
