Elevated CO2 enhances biological contributions to elevation change in coastal wetlands by offsetting stressors associated with sea-level rise
J. A. Cherry, K.L. McKee, J.B. Grace
2009, Journal of Ecology (97) 67-77
1. Sea-level rise, one indirect consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2, poses a major challenge to long-term stability of coastal wetlands. An important question is whether direct effects of elevated CO 2 on the capacity of marsh plants to accrete organic material and to maintain surface elevations outweigh indirect negative effects...
Spatial and temporal variation in distribution of larval lake whitefish in eastern Lake Ontario: signs of recovery?
J.E. McKenna Jr., J. H. Johnson
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 94-100
The lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) is one of the native Lake Ontario fishes that declined severely over the past century. Recent evidence of larval lake whitefish production in a historic spawning area (Chaumont Bay) might signal a recovery of this species in New York waters. We surveyed coastal and open...
Landsliding in partially saturated materials
J. W. Godt, R.L. Baum, N. Lu
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
Rainfall‐induced landslides are pervasive in hillslope environments around the world and among the most costly and deadly natural hazards. However, capturing their occurrence with scientific instrumentation in a natural setting is extremely rare. The prevailing thinking on landslide initiation, particularly for those landslides that occur under intense precipitation, is that...
Migratory patterns and population structure among breeding and wintering red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) and common mergansers (M. merganser)
John M. Pearce, K. G. McCracken, Thomas K. Christensen, Y.N. Zhuravlev
2009, The Auk (126) 784-798
Philopatry has long been assumed to structure populations of waterfowl and other species of birds genetically, especially via maternally transmitted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), yet other migratory behaviors and nesting ecology (use of ground vs. cavity sites) may also contribute to population genetic structure. We investigated the effects of migration and...
Seamount characteristics and mine-site model applied to exploration- and mining-lease-block selection for cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts
James R. Hein, Tracey A. Conrad, Rachel E. Dunham
2009, Marine Georesources and Geotechnology (27) 160-176
Regulations are being developed through the International Seabed Authority (ISBA) for the exploration and mining of cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts. This paper lays out geologic and geomorphologic criteria that can be used to determine the size and number of exploration and mine-site blocks that will be the focus of much discussion...
Petrographic observations on the Exmore breccia, ICDP-USGS drilling at Eyreville, Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USA
W.U. Reimold, K. Bartosova, R.T. Schmitt, B. Hansen, C. Crasselt, C. Koeberl, A. Wittmann, D.S. Powars
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 655-698
The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville A and B drill cores sampled crater fill in the region of the crater moat, ??9 km to the NE of the center of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA. They provide a 953 m section (444-1397 m...
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for spatially correlated data
Ricardo A. Olea, V. Pawlowsky-Glahn
2009, Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (23) 749-757
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is a convenient method for investigating whether two underlying univariate probability distributions can be regarded as undistinguishable from each other or whether an underlying probability distribution differs from a hypothesized distribution. Application of the test requires that the sample be unbiased and the outcomes be independent and...
A controlled field pilot for testing near surface CO2 detection techniques and transport models
L.H. Spangler, L.M. Dobeck, K. Repasky, A. Nehrir, S. Humphries, C. Keith, J. Shaw, J. Rouse, A. Cunningham, S. Benson, C.M. Oldenburg, J.L. Lewicki, A. Wells, R. Diehl, B. Strazisar, J. Fessenden, Thomas Rahn, J. Amonette, J. Barr, W. Pickles, J. Jacobson, E. Silver, E. Male, H. Rauch, K. Gullickson, R. Trautz, Y. Kharaka, J. Birkholzer, L. Wielopolski
2009, Conference Paper, Energy Procedia
A field facility has been developed to allow controlled studies of near surface CO2 transport and detection technologies. The key component of the facility is a shallow, slotted horizontal well divided into six zones. The scale and fluxes were designed to address large scale CO2 storage projects and desired retention...
Simulating hydrologic and hydraulic processes throughout the Amazon River Basin
R.E. Beighley, K.G. Eggert, T. Dunne, Y. He, V. Gummadi, K.L. Verdin
2009, Hydrological Processes (23) 1221-1235
Presented here is a model framework based on a land surface topography that can be represented with various degrees of resolution and capable of providing representative channel/floodplain hydraulic characteristics on a daily to hourly scale. The framework integrates two models: (1) a water balance model (WBM) for the vertical fluxes...
Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus
L. R. Iwanowicz, V. S. Blazer, S. D. McCormick, P.A. Van Veld, C. A. Ottinger
2009, Aquatic Toxicology (93) 70-82
The brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus is a species of the family Ictaluridae commonly used as a sentinel of environmental contamination. While these fish have been utilized for this purpose in areas contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), few controlled, laboratory-based studies have been designed to document the effects of PCB mixtures...
Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western U.S. forests
S.L. Stephens, J.J. Moghaddas, C. Edminster, C.E. Fiedler, S. Haase, M. Harrington, Jon E. Keeley, E. E. Knapp, J.D. Mciver, K. Metlen, C.N. Skinner, A. Youngblood
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 305-320
Abstract. Forest structure and species composition in many western U.S. coniferous forests have been altered through fire exclusion, past and ongoing harvesting practices, and livestock grazing over the 20th century. The effects of these activities have been most pronounced in seasonally dry, low and mid-elevation coniferous forests that once experienced...
Improving the design of amphibian surveys using soil data: A case study in two wilderness areas
K.D. Bowen, E.A. Beever, U.B. Gafvert
2009, Natural Areas Journal (29) 117-125
Amphibian populations are known, or thought to be, declining worldwide. Although protected natural areas may act as reservoirs of biological integrity and serve as benchmarks for comparison with unprotected areas, they are not immune from population declines and extinctions and should be monitored. Unfortunately, identifying survey sites and performing long-term...
Submarine landslides of the Southern California Borderland
H.J. Lee, H. Gary Greene, B. D. Edwards, M. A. Fisher, W. R. Normark
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 251-269
Conventional bathymetry, sidescan-sonar and seismic-reflection data, and recent, multibeam surveys of large parts of the Southern California Borderland disclose the presence of numerous submarine landslides. Most of these features are fairly small, with lateral dimensions less than ??2 km. In areas where multibeam surveys are available, only two large landslide...
Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 1. field experiments evaluating plant-relevant soil water behavior
John R. Nimmo, Kim S. Perkins, Kevin M. Schmidt, David M. Miller, Jonathan D. Stock, Kamini Singha
2009, Vadose Zone Journal (8) 480-495
To assess the eff ect of pedogenesis on the soil moisture dynamics infl uencing the character and quality of ecological habitat, we conducted infi ltration and redistribution experiments on three alluvial deposits in the Mojave National Preserve: (i) recently deposited active wash sediments, (ii) a soil of early Holocene age,...
Suckers in headwater tributaries, Wyoming
D.E. Sweet, R.I. Compton, W.A. Hubert
2009, Western North American Naturalist (69) 35-41
Bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus) and flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) populations are declining throughout these species' native ranges in the Upper Colorado River Basin. In order to conserve these populations, an understanding of population dynamics is needed. Using age estimates from pectoral fin rays, we describe age and growth of these...
Water-quality assessment of the largely urban blue river basin, Metropolitan Kansas City, USA, 1998 to 2007
D.H. Wilkison, D.J. Armstrong, S.A. Hampton
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers
From 1998 through 2007, over 750 surface-water or bed-sediment samples in the Blue River Basin - a largely urban basin in metropolitan Kansas City - were analyzed for more than 100 anthropogenic compounds. Compounds analyzed included nutrients, fecal-indicator bacteria, suspended sediment, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Non-point source runoff, hydrologic...
Characterization of phyllosilicates observed in the central Mawrth Vallis region, Mars, their potential formational processes, and implications for past climate
N.K. McKeown, J.L. Bishop, E.Z. Noe Dobrea, B.L. Ehlmann, M. Parente, J.F. Mustard, S.L. Murchie, G.A. Swayze, J.-P. Bibring, E. A. Silver
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
Mawrth Vallis contains one of the largest exposures of phyllosilicates on Mars. Nontronite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, and hydrated silica have been identified throughout the region using data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). In addition, saponite has been identified in one observation within a crater. These individual minerals...
Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: Inferences from multistate models
D.R. Breininger, J.D. Nichols, G.M. Carter, D.M. Oddy
2009, Ecology (90) 3180-3189
Quantifying habitat-specific survival and changes in habitat quality within disturbance-prone habitats is critical for understanding population dynamics and variation in fitness, and for managing degraded ecosystems. We used 18 years of color-banding data and multistate capture-recapture models to test whether habitat quality within territories influences survival and detection probability of...
Detecting declines in the abundance of a bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population: Understanding the accuracy, precision, and costs of our efforts
R. Al-Chokhachy, P. Budy, M. Conner
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 649-658
Using empirical field data for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), we evaluated the trade-off between power and sampling effort-cost using Monte Carlo simulations of commonly collected mark-recapture-resight and count data, and we estimated the power to detect changes in abundance across different time intervals. We also evaluated the effects of monitoring...
Real-time flood forecasting
C. Lai, T.-K. Tsay, C.-H. Chien, I.-L. Wu
2009, American Scientist (97) 119-125
Researchers at the Hydroinformatic Research and Development Team (HIRDT) of the National Taiwan University undertook a project to create a real time flood forecasting model, with an aim to predict the current in the Tamsui River Basin. The model was designed based on deterministic approach with mathematic modeling of complex...
Behavioural thermoregulation by subyearling fall (autumn) Chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha in a reservoir
K.F. Tiffan, T.J. Kock, W.P. Connor, R.K. Steinhorst, D.W. Rondorf
2009, Journal of Fish Biology (74) 1562-1579
This study investigated behavioural thermoregulation by subyearling fall (autumn) Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in a reservoir on the Snake River, Washington, U.S.A. During the summer, temperatures in the reservoir varied from 23?? C on the surface to 11?? C at 14 m depth. Subyearlings implanted with temperature-sensing radio transmitters were...
Joint inversion for Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs at SAFOD, Parkfield, California
H. Zhang, C. Thurber, P. Bedrosian
2009, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (10)
We refined the three-dimensional (3-D) Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs models around the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) site using a new double-difference (DD) seismic tomography code (tomoDDPS) that simultaneously solves for earthquake locations and all three velocity models using both absolute and differential P, S, and S-P times....
Water quality analysis of groundwater in crystalline basement rocks, Northern Ghana
Y.S. Anku, B. Banoeng-Yakubo, D.K. Asiedu, S.M. Yidana
2009, Environmental Geology (58) 989-997
Hydrochemical data are presented for groundwater samples, collected from fractured aquifers in parts of northern Ghana. The data was collected to assess the groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural use. Results of the study reveal that the pH of the groundwater in the area is slightly acidic to slightly alkaline....
Migratory behaviour and survival rates of wild northern Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts: Effects of environmental factors
J. G. Davidsen, A.H. Rikardsen, E. Halttunen, E.B. Thorstad, F. Okland, B. H. Letcher, J. Skarhamar, T. F. Naesje
2009, Journal of Fish Biology (75) 1700-1718
To study smolt behaviour and survival of a northern Atlantic salmon Salmo salar population during river descent, sea entry and fjord migration, 120 wild S. salar were tagged with acoustic tags and registered at four automatic listening station arrays in the mouth of the north Norwegian River Alta and throughout...
Assessment of the "fish tumors or other deformities" beneficial use impairment in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus): I. Orocutaneous tumors
V. S. Blazer, S.D. Rafferty, P.C. Baumman, S.B. Smith, E.C. Obert
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 517-526
The "fish tumor or other deformities" beneficial use impairment (BUI) occurs at 9 of the 12 areas of concern (AOC) on Lake Erie. As point sources are mitigated and remediation occurs, AOC are faced with determining delisting criteria. The lack of standardized analyses for this BUI has confounded that process....
