Genetic characterization of Hawaiian isolates of Plasmodium relictum reveals mixed-genotype infections
S.I. Jarvi, M.E.M. Farias, C. T. Atkinson
2008, Biology Direct (3)
Background: The relatively recent introduction of a highly efficient mosquito vector and an avian pathogen (Plasmodium relictum) to an isolated island ecosystem with nai??ve, highly susceptible avian hosts provides a unique opportunity to investigate evolution of virulence in a natural system. Mixed infections can significantly contribute to the uncertainty in...
Iron isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation in Kilauea Iki lava lake
F.-Z. Teng, N. Dauphas, Rosalind Tuthill Helz
2008, Science (320) 1620-1622
Magmatic differentiation helps produce the chemical and petrographic diversity of terrestrial rocks. The extent to which magmatic differentiation fractionates nonradiogenic isotopes is uncertain for some elements. We report analyses of iron isotopes in basalts from Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii. The iron isotopic compositions (56Fe/54Fe) of late-stagemeltveins are 0.2 permil...
The formation conditions of chondrules and chondrites
C. M. O’D. Alexander, Jeffrey N. Grossman, D.S. Ebel, F.J. Ciesla
2008, Science (320) 1617-1619
Chondrules, which are roughly millimeter-sized silicate-rich spherules, dominate the most primitive meteorites, the chondrites. They formed as molten droplets and, judging from their abundances in chondrites, are the products of one of the most energetic processes that operated in the early inner solar system. The conditions and mechanism of chondrule...
Diurnal and vertical variability of the sensible heat and carbon dioxide budgets in the atmospheric surface layer
P. Casso-Torralba, J. V. -G. de Arellano, F. Bosveld, M.R. Soler, A. Vermeulen, C. Werner, E. Moors
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (113)
The diurnal and vertical variability of heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmospheric surface layer are studied by analyzing measurements from a 213 in tower in Cabauw (Netherlands). Observations of thermodynamic variables and CO2 mixing ratio as well as vertical profiles of the turbulent fluxes are used to retrieve...
Hydrothermal processes at Gusev Crater: An evaluation of Paso Robles class soils
A. S. Yen, R.V. Morris, B. C. Clark, Ralf Gellert, A.T. Knudson, S. Squyres, D. W. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Ming, R. Arvidson, T. McCoy, M. Schmidt, J. Hurowitz, R. Li, J. R. Johnson
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (113)
The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit analyzed multiple occurrences of sulfur-rich, light-toned soils along its traverse within Gusev Crater. These hydrated deposits are not readily apparent in images of undisturbed soil but are present at shallow depths and were exposed by the actions of the rover wheels. Referred to as 'Paso...
Evaluating the potential effectiveness of compensatory mitigation strategies for marine bycatch
M. Finkelstein, V. Bakker, D.F. Doak, B. Sullivan, R. Lewison, W.H. Satterthwaite, P.B. McIntyre, S. Wolf, D. Priddel, J.M. Arnold, R.W. Henry, P. Sievert, J. Croxall
2008, PLoS ONE (3)
Conservationists are continually seeking new strategies to reverse population declines and safeguard against species extinctions. Here we evaluate the potential efficacy of a recently proposed approach to offset a major anthropogenic threat to many marine vertebrates: incidental bycatch in commercial fisheries operations. This new approach, compensatory mitigation for marine bycatch...
MGS-TES thermal inertia study of the Arsia Mons Caldera
Glen E. Cushing, Timothy N. Titus
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (113)
Temperatures of the Arsia Mons caldera floor and two nearby control areas were obtained by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES). These observations revealed that the Arsia Mons caldera floor exhibits thermal behavior different from the surrounding Tharsis region when compared with thermal models. Our technique compares...
Oceanic loading of wildfire-derived organic compounds from a small mountainous river
G.B. Hunsinger, Siddhartha Mitra, J.A. Warrick, C. R. Alexander
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (113)
Small mountainous rivers (SMRs) export substantial amounts of sediment into the world's oceans. The concomitant yield of organic carbon (OC) associated with this class of rivers has also been shown to be significant and compositionally unique. We report here excessively high loadings of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), lignin, and levoglucosan,...
Microbial and chemical factors influencing methane production in laboratory incubations of low-rank subsurface coals
Stephen H. Harris, Richard L. Smith, Charles E. Barker
2008, International Journal of Coal Geology (76) 46-51
Lignite and subbituminous coals were investigated for their ability to support microbial methane production in laboratory incubations. Results show that naturally-occurring microorganisms associated with the coals produced substantial quantities of methane, although the factors influencing this process were variable among different samples tested. Methanogenic microbes in two coals from the...
Molecular sequences derived from Paleocene Fort Union Formation coals vs. associated produced waters: Implications for CBM regeneration
Donald A. Klein, Romeo M. Flores, Christophe Venot, Kendra Gabbert, Raleigh Schmidt, Gary D. Stricker, Amy Pruden, Kevin Mandernack
2008, International Journal of Coal Geology (76) 3-13
Coalbed methane regeneration is of increasing interest, and is gaining global attention with respect to enhancement of gas recovery. The objective of this study is to determine if there are differences in methanogen nucleic acid sequences associated with low rank coals from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, in comparison with...
Evaluating transition-metal catalysis in gas generation from the Permian Kupferschiefer by hydrous pyrolysis
M. D. Lewan, M.J. Kotarba, D. Wieclaw, A. Piestrzynski
2008, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (72) 4069-4093
Transition metals in source rocks have been advocated as catalysts in determining extent, composition, and timing of natural gas generation (Mango, F. D. (1996) Transition metal catalysis in the generation of natural gas. Org. Geochem.24, 977–984). This controversial hypothesis may have important implications concerning gas generation in unconventional shale-gas accumulations....
Susceptibility of synthetic long-chain alkylbenzenes to degradation in reducing marine sediments
Robert P. Eganhouse, James Pontolillo
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 6361-6368
Long-chain alkylbenzenes (LCABs) synthesized for production of alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactants have been used as molecular markers of anthropogenic waste for 25 years. Synthetic LCABs comprise two classes, the tetrapropylene-based alkylbenzenes (TABs) and the linear alkylbenzenes (LABs). LABs supplanted TABs in the mid-1960s because of improved biodegradability of their sulfonated analogs....
Temperate freshwater wetlands: Response to gradients in moisture regime, human alterations and economic status
Mark M. Brinson, Barbara E. Bedford, Beth Middleton, Jos T. A. Verhoeven
2008, Book chapter, Aquatic ecosystems : trends and global prospects
No abstract available...
[Book review] Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario, 2001-2005. 2007
C.S. Robbins
2008, Ontario Birds (26) 72-73
Moist-soil seed abundance in managed wetlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley
J. Kross, R.M. Kaminski, K. J. Reinecke, E.J. Penny, A.T. Pearse
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 707-714
Managed moist-soil units support early succession herbaceous vegetation that produces seeds, tubers, and other plant parts used by waterfowl in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV), USA. We conducted a stratified multi-stage sample survey on state and federal lands in the MAV of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri during autumns...
Avoiding monitoring pitfalls
J.R. Sauer
2008, All Bird Bulletin 4-5
[Obituary] In memoriam: Mortimer Brooke Meanley, Jr., 1915-2007
Matthew C. Perry
2008, The Auk (125) 235-237
Mortimer Brooke Meanley, Jr., was born at Riderwood, Baltimore County, Maryland, on 19 January 1915, and died at home in Maine on 19 August 2007. He was always called “Brooke” as an adult. Much of his youth was spent in birding and other natural-history activities, interest he credits to the...
Estimating species occurrence, abundance, and detection probability using zero-inflated distributions
S.J. Wenger, Mary C. Freeman
2008, Ecology (89) 2953-2959
Researchers have developed methods to account for imperfect detection of species with either occupancy (presence-absence) or count data using replicated sampling. We show how these approaches can be combined to simultaneously estimate occurrence, abundance, and detection probability by specifying a zero-inflated distribution for abundance. This approach may be...
Wildlife feeding in parks: methods for monitoring the effectiveness of educational interventions and wildlife food attraction behaviors
Jeffrey L. Marion, Robert G. Dvorak, Robert E. Manning
2008, Human Dimensions of Wildlife (13) 429-442
Opportunities to view and interact with wildlife are often an important part of high quality recreational experiences. Such interactions frequently include wildlife feeding, resulting in food-conditioned behaviors that may cause harm to both wildlife and visitors. This study developed and applied efficient protocols for simultaneously evaluating wildlife feeding-related...
Quantifying the extent of river fragmentation by hydropower dams in the Sarapiquí River Basin, Costa Rica
Elizabeth P. Anderson, Catherine M. Pringle, Mary C. Freeman
2008, Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (18) 408-417
Costa Rica has recently experienced a rapid proliferation of dams for hydropower on rivers draining its northern Caribbean slope. In the Sarapiquí River Basin, eight hydropower plants were built between 1990 and 1999 and more projects are either under construction or proposed. The majority of these dams are small (<15 m...
Potential effects of arboreal and terrestrial avian dispersers on seed dormancy, seed germination and seedling establishment in Ormosia (Papilionoideae) species in Peru
Mercedes S. Foster
2008, Journal of Tropical Ecology (24) 619-627
The relative effectiveness of arboreal or terrestrial birds at dispersing seeds of Ormosia macrocalyx and O. bopiensis (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) were studied in south-eastern Peru. Seeds of both species were either scarified, to represent seed condition after dispersal by terrestrial birds, or left intact, to represent seed condition after dispersal...
Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)
Danny Bystrak
2008, North American Bird Bander (33) 141-142
This station operates at the Patuxent Research Refuge in a powerline right-of-way that bisects an upland deciduous forest. This area has been used for this purpose since 1980, except in the years 2004-2006. Twenty-six nets are arrayed along approximately one-half mile that runs generally on an east-west orientation. The habitat is...
Crotalus aquilus in the Mexican state of Mexico consumes a diverse summer diet
E. Mocino-deloya, K. Setser, S.C. Peurach, J.M. Meik
2008, Herpetological Bulletin (No. 105) 10-12
We report observations of the summer diet of Crotalus aquilus (Queretaro dusky rattlesnake) from an agricultural region near San Pedro de los Metates, municipality of Acambay, state of Mexico, Mexico. We recovered the remains of 12 individual prey items from 11 different snakes. Eleven of 38 (29%) snakes observed contained...
Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007
Chandler S. Robbins
2008, North American Bird Bander (33) 139-146
Region IV welcomed another coastal station in 2007 with a report from Chris Snook at Charleston, South Carolina. The season was hot and dry throughout Region IV except in Florida where precipitation averaged above normal. Banders blamed their poor success on the lack of cold fronts in August, September, and...
Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)
Chandler S. Robbins
2008, North American Bird Bander (33) 141-141
After a gap of two years I resumed banding at this suburban fall-line station on the Patuxent River, my 33rd fall banding season on our two-acre wooded lot. I banded three mornings per week, trying to keep the same schedule as the Patuxent powerline station five miles downstream. I used...
