Paleoseismic targets, seismic hazard, and urban areas in the Central and Eastern United States
R. L. Wheeler
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 1572-1580
Published geologic information from the central and eastern United States identifies 83 faults, groups of sand blows, named seismic zones, and other geological features as known or suspected products of Quaternary tectonic faulting. About one fifth of the features are known to contain faulted Quaternary materials or seismically induced liquefaction...
Flow unit modeling and fine-scale predicted permeability validation in Atokan sandstones: Norcan East Kansas
S. Bhattacharya, A.P. Byrnes, W.L. Watney, J.H. Doveton
2008, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (92) 709-732
Characterizing the reservoir interval into flow units is an effective way to subdivide the net-pay zone into layers for reservoir simulation. Commonly used flow unit identification techniques require a reliable estimate of permeability in the net pay on a foot-by-foot basis. Most of the wells do not have cores, and...
Climate-induced variations of geyser periodicity in Yellowstone National Park, USA
Shaul Hurwitz, Ashish Kumar, Ralph Taylor, Henry Heasler
2008, Geology (36) 451-454
The geysers of Yellowstone National Park, United States, attract millions of visitors each year, and their eruption dynamics have been the subject of extensive research for more than a century. Although many of the fundamental aspects associated with the dynamics of geyser eruptions have been elucidated, the relationship between external...
Satellite-derived aerosol radiative forcing from the 2004 British Columbia wildfires
Song Guo, H. Leighton
2008, Atmosphere - Ocean (46) 203-212
The British Columbia wildfires of 2004 was one of the largest wildfire events in the last ten years in Canada. Both the shortwave and longwave smoke aerosol radiative forcing at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) are investigated using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Clouds and the Earth's...
Infiltration from an impoundment for coal‐bed natural gas, Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Evolution of water and sediment chemistry
Richard W. Healy, Cynthia A. Rice, Timothy T. Bartos, Michael P. McKinley
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
Development of coal‐bed natural gas (CBNG) in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, has increased substantially in recent years. Among environmental concerns associated with this development is the fate of groundwater removed with the gas. A preferred water‐management option is storage in surface impoundments. As of January 2007, permits for more...
Mars north polar deposits: stratigraphy, age, and geodynamical response
R.J. Phillips, M.T. Zuber, S.E. Smrekar, M. T. Mellon, J.W. Head, K. L. Tanaka, N.E. Putzig, S.M. Milkovich, B.A. Campbell, J.J. Plaut, A. Safaeinili, R. Seu, D. Biccari, L.M. Carter, G. Picardi, R. Orosei, Mohit P. Surdas, E. Heggy, R.W. Zurek, A.F. Egan, E. Giacomoni, F. Russo, M. Cutigni, E. Pettinelli, J.W. Holt, C.J. Leuschen, L. Marinangeli
2008, Science (320) 1182-1185
The Shallow Radar (SHARAD) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has imaged the internal stratigraphy of the north polar layered deposits of Mars. Radar reflections within the deposits reveal a laterally continuous deposition of layers, which typically consist of four packets of finely spaced reflectors separated by homogeneous interpacket regions of...
Small nonnative fishes as predators of larval razorback suckers
J. Carpenter, G.A. Mueller
2008, Southwestern Naturalist (53) 236-242
The razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus), an endangered big-river fish of the Colorado River basin, has demonstrated no sustainable recruitment in 4 decades, despite presence of spawning adults and larvae. Lack of adequate recruitment has been attributed to several factors, including predation by nonnative fishes. Substantial funding and effort has been...
Blood parasites in Owls with conservation implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis)
H.D. Ishak, J.P. Dumbacher, N.L. Anderson, J.J. Keane, G. Valkiunas, S. M. Haig, L.A. Tell, R.N.M. Sehgal
2008, PLoS ONE (3)
The three subspecies of Spotted Owl (Northern, Strix occidentalis courina; California, S. o. occidentalis; and Mexican, S. o. lucida) are all threatened by habitat loss and range expansion of the Barred Owl (S. varia). An unaddressed threat is whether Barred Owls could be a source of novel strains of disease...
Structure, stratigraphy, and origin of Husband Hill, Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater, Mars
T.J. McCoy, M. Sims, M.E. Schmidt, L. Edwards, L.L. Tornabene, L.S. Crumpler, B. A. Cohen, L.A. Soderblom, D.L. Blaney, S. W. Squyres, R. E. Arvidson, J.W. Rica, E. Treguier, C. d’Uston, J. A. Grant, H.Y. McSween, M.P. Golombek, A. F. C. Haldemann, P.A. de Souza
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (113)
The strike and dip of lithologic units imaged in stereo by the Spirit rover in the Columbia Hills using three-dimensional imaging software shows that measured dips (15-32??) for bedding on the main edifice of the Columbia Hill are steeper than local topography (???8-10??). Outcrops measured on West Spur are conformable...
Surface albedo observations at Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum, Mars
J.F. Bell III, M.S. Rice, J. R. Johnson, T.M. Hare
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (113)
During the Mars Exploration Rover mission, the Pancam instrument has periodically acquired large-scale panoramic images with its broadband (739??338 nm) filter in order to estimate the Lambert bolometric albedo of the surface along each rover's traverse. In this work we present the full suite of such estimated albedo values measured...
Alaska Melilotus invasions: Distribution, origin, and susceptibility of plant communities
J.S. Conn, K.L. Beattie, M.A. Shephard, M.L. Carlson, I. Lapina, M. Hebert, R. Gronquist, R. Densmore, M. Rasy
2008, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (40) 298-308
Melilotus alba and M. officinalis were introduced to Alaska in 1913 as potential forage crops. These species have become naturalized and are now invading large, exotic plant-free regions of Alaska. We determined distributions of M. alba and M. officinalis in Alaska from surveys conducted each summer from 2002 to 2005....
Distributed energy balance modeling of South Cascade Glacier, Washington and assessment of model uncertainty
Faron S. Anslow, S. Hostetler, W. R. Bidlake, P.U. Clark
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (113)
We have developed a physically based, distributed surface energy balance model to simulate glacier mass balance under meteorological and climatological forcing. Here we apply the model to estimate summer ablation on South Cascade Glacier, Washington, for the 2004 and 2005 mass balance seasons. To arrive at optimal mass balance simulations,...
Meteorites on Mars observed with Mars Exploration Rovers
C. Schroder, D.S. Rodionov, T.J. McCoy, B.L. Jolliff, Ralf Gellert, L.R. Nittler, W. H. Farrand, J. R. Johnson, S. W. Ruff, James W. Ashley, D. W. Mittlefehldt, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, I. Fleischer, A. F. C. Haldemann, G. Klingelhofer, D. W. Ming, R.V. Morris, P.A. de Souza, S. W. Squyres, C. Weitz, A. S. Yen, J. Zipfel, T. Economou
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (113)
Reduced weathering rates due to the lack of liquid water and significantly greater typical surface ages should result in a higher density of meteorites on the surface of Mars compared to Earth. Several meteorites were identified among the rocks investigated during Opportunity's traverse across the sandy Meridiani plains. Heat Shield...
Simulated ground motion in Santa Clara Valley, California, and vicinity from M≥6.7 scenario earthquakes
Stephen C. Harmsen, Stephen H. Hartzell
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 1243-1271
Models of the Santa Clara Valley (SCV) 3D velocity structure and 3D finite-difference software are used to predict ground motions from scenario earthquakes on the San Andreas (SAF), Monte Vista/Shannon, South Hayward, and Calaveras faults. Twenty different scenario ruptures are considered that explore different source models with alternative hypocenters, fault...
Detecting the response of fish assemblages to stream restoration: Effects of different sampling designsf
Barry P. Baldigo, D.R. Warren
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 919-934
Increased trout production within limited stream reaches is a popular goal for restoration projects, yet investigators seldom monitor, assess, or publish the associated effects on fish assemblages. Fish community data from a total of 40 surveys at restored and reference reaches in three streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York,...
Linking landscapes and habitat suitability scores for diadromous fish restoration in the susquehanna river basin
P.M. Kocovsky, R. M. Ross, D. S. Dropkin, J.M. Campbell
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 906-918
Dams within the Susquehanna River drainage, Pennsylvania, are potential barriers to migration of diadromous fishes, and many are under consideration for removal to facilitate fish passage. To provide useful input for prioritizing dam removal, we examined relations between landscape-scale factors and habitat suitability indices (HSIs) for native diadromous species of...
Species composition and habitat associations of benthic algal assemblages in headwater streams of the Sierra Nevada, California
L. R. Brown, J. T. May, C.T. Hunsaker
2008, Western North American Naturalist (68) 194-209
Despite their trophic importance and potential importance as bioindicators of stream condition, benthic algae have not been well studied in California. In particular there are few studies from small streams in the Sierra Nevada. The objective of this study was to determine the standing crop of chlorophyll-a and benthic algal...
Differential exposure, duration, and sensitivity of unionoidean bivalve life stages to environmental contaminants
W.G. Cope, R.B. Bringolf, D.B. Buchwalter, T.J. Newton, C.G. Ingersoll, N. Wang, T. Augspurger, F.J. Dwyer, M.C. Barnhart, R. J. Neves, E. Hammer
2008, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (27) 451-462
Freshwater mussels (superfamily Unionoidea) are in serious global decline and in urgent need of protection and conservation. The declines have been attributed to a wide array of human activities resulting in pollution and water-quality degradation, and habitat destruction and alteration. Linkages among poor water quality, pollutant sources, and mussel decline...
Population size and relative abundance of adult Alabama shad reaching jim woodruff lock and dam, Apalachicola River, Florida
Patrick C. Ely, S.P. Young, J. Jeffery Isely
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 827-831
We estimated the population size of migrating Alabama shad Alosa alabamae below Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam in the Apalachicola River (located in the central panhandle of northwestern Florida) using mark-recapture and relative abundance techniques. After adjustment for tag loss, emigration, and mortality, the population size was estimated as 25,935...
A new state record of Allocapnia simmonsi Kondratieff and Voshell (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from West Virginia, U.S.A., with additional records from Pennsylvania and Virginia
R.W. Hood, R.F. Kirchner, J.I. Earle
2008, Entomological News (119) 303-305
[No abstract available]...
Genetic characterization of Hawaiian isolates of Plasmodium relictum reveals mixed-genotype infections
S.I. Jarvi, M.E.M. Farias, C. T. Atkinson
2008, Biology Direct (3)
Background: The relatively recent introduction of a highly efficient mosquito vector and an avian pathogen (Plasmodium relictum) to an isolated island ecosystem with nai??ve, highly susceptible avian hosts provides a unique opportunity to investigate evolution of virulence in a natural system. Mixed infections can significantly contribute to the uncertainty in...
Oceanic loading of wildfire-derived organic compounds from a small mountainous river
G.B. Hunsinger, Siddhartha Mitra, J.A. Warrick, C. R. Alexander
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (113)
Small mountainous rivers (SMRs) export substantial amounts of sediment into the world's oceans. The concomitant yield of organic carbon (OC) associated with this class of rivers has also been shown to be significant and compositionally unique. We report here excessively high loadings of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), lignin, and levoglucosan,...
The formation conditions of chondrules and chondrites
C. M. O’D. Alexander, Jeffrey N. Grossman, D.S. Ebel, F.J. Ciesla
2008, Science (320) 1617-1619
Chondrules, which are roughly millimeter-sized silicate-rich spherules, dominate the most primitive meteorites, the chondrites. They formed as molten droplets and, judging from their abundances in chondrites, are the products of one of the most energetic processes that operated in the early inner solar system. The conditions and mechanism of chondrule...
Iron isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation in Kilauea Iki lava lake
F.-Z. Teng, N. Dauphas, Rosalind Tuthill Helz
2008, Science (320) 1620-1622
Magmatic differentiation helps produce the chemical and petrographic diversity of terrestrial rocks. The extent to which magmatic differentiation fractionates nonradiogenic isotopes is uncertain for some elements. We report analyses of iron isotopes in basalts from Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii. The iron isotopic compositions (56Fe/54Fe) of late-stagemeltveins are 0.2 permil...
Diurnal and vertical variability of the sensible heat and carbon dioxide budgets in the atmospheric surface layer
P. Casso-Torralba, J. V. -G. de Arellano, F. Bosveld, M.R. Soler, A. Vermeulen, C. Werner, E. Moors
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (113)
The diurnal and vertical variability of heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmospheric surface layer are studied by analyzing measurements from a 213 in tower in Cabauw (Netherlands). Observations of thermodynamic variables and CO2 mixing ratio as well as vertical profiles of the turbulent fluxes are used to retrieve...
