Earthquake recurrence on the south Hayward fault is most consistent with a time dependent, renewal process
T. Parsons
2008, Geophysical Research Letters (35)
Elastic rebound and stress renewal are important components of earthquake forecasting because if large earthquakes can be shown to be periodic, then rupture probability is time dependent. While renewal models are used in formal forecasts, it has not been possible to exclude the alternate view that repeated large earthquakes can...
The role of shear and tensile failure in dynamically triggered landslides
T.L. Gipprich, R.K. Snieder, R.W. Jibson, W. Kimman
2008, Geophysical Journal International (172) 770-778
Dynamic stresses generated by earthquakes can trigger landslides. Current methods of landslide analysis such as pseudo-static analysis and Newmark's method focus on the effects of earthquake accelerations on the landslide mass to characterize dynamic landslide behaviour. One limitation of these methods is their use Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria, which only accounts...
Thermal and energetic constraints on ectotherm abundance: A global test using lizards
L.B. Buckley, G.H. Rodda, W. Jetz
2008, Ecology (89) 48-55
Population densities of birds and mammals have been shown to decrease with body mass at approximately the same rate as metabolic rates increase, indicating that energetic needs constrain endotherm population densities. In ectotherms, the exponential increase of metabolic rate with body temperature suggests that environmental temperature may additionally constrain population...
Factors influencing nesting success of king eiders on northern Alaska's Coastal Plain
R.L. Bentzen, A.N. Powell, R.S. Suydam
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 1781-1789
King eider (Somateria spectabilis) populations have declined markedly in recent decades for unknown reasons. Nest survival is one component of recruitment, and a female's chance of reproductive success increases with her ability to choose an appropriate nesting strategy. We estimated variation in daily nest survival of king eiders at 2...
Mesozoic non-marine petroleum source rocks determined by palynomorphs in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, northwestern China
D.-X. Jiang, Y.-D. Wang, E. I. Robbins, J. Wei, N. Tian
2008, Geological Magazine (145) 868-885
The Tarim Basin in Northwest China hosts petroleum reservoirs of Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary ages. The sedimentary thickness in the basin reaches about 15 km and with an area of 560000 km2, the basin is expected to contain giant oil and gas fields. It is therefore...
Growth, population structure, and reproduction of western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) on the central coast of California
D.J. Germano, G. B. Rathbun
2008, Chelonian Conservation and Biology (7) 188-194
We studied the population structure and growth of western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) at Vandenberg Air Force Base along the coast of central California in April 1995 and June 1996. We captured 179 individuals (115 males, 27 females) from 7 ponds during 26 days of trapping. Many turtles were adult-sized,...
Survival of cool and warm freshwater fish following chloramine-T exposure
M.P. Gaikowski, W.J. Larson, W.H. Gingerich
2008, Aquaculture (275) 20-25
Chloramine-T is presently available in the USA to control mortalities associated with bacterial gill disease or external columnaris only through an Investigational New Animal Drug Permit authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Its US approval hinges on FDA's acceptance of several key data, including those describing animal...
Modeling variability and trends in pesticide concentrations in streams
A. V. Vecchia, Jeffrey D. Martin, R. J. Gilliom
2008, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (44) 1308-1324
A parametric regression model was developed for assessing the variability and long-term trends in pesticide concentrations in streams. The dependent variable is the logarithm of pesticide concentration and the explanatory variables are a seasonal wave, which represents the seasonal variability of concentration in response to seasonal application rates; a streamflow...
SAGE celebrates 25 years of learning geophysics by doing geophysics
G.R. Jiracek, W.S. Baldridge, A.J. Sussman, S. Biehler, L.W. Braile, J.F. Ferguson, B.E. Gilpin, D.K. McPhee, L. Pellerin
2008, Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK) (27) 1340-1344
The increasing world demand and record-high costs for energy and mineral resources, along with the attendant environmental and climate concerns, have escalated the need for trained geophysicists to unprecedented levels. This is not only a national need; it's a critical global need. As Earth scientists and educators we must seriously...
Clarification and changes in Permian stratigraphic nomenclature in Kansas
R.S. Sawin, E. K. Franseen, R.R. West, Greg A. Ludvigson, W.L. Watney
2008, Current Research in Earth Sciences (254) 1-3
This paper outlines Permian nomenclature changes to Zeller (1968) that have been adopted by the Kansas Geological Survey. The Permian System/ Period, Cisuralian Series/Epoch, and Asselian Stage/Age are established at the base of the Bennett Shale Member of the Red Eagle Limestone. Series/epoch names Wolfcampian, Leonardian, and Guadalupian are retained...
Are hotspots of evolutionary potential adequately protected in southern California?
Amy G. Vandergast, A.J. Bohonak, S.A. Hathaway, J. Boys, Robert N. Fisher
2008, Biological Conservation (141) 1648-1664
Reserves are often designed to protect rare habitats, or "typical" exemplars of ecoregions and geomorphic provinces. This approach focuses on current patterns of organismal and ecosystem-level biodiversity, but typically ignores the evolutionary processes that control the gain and loss of biodiversity at these and other levels (e.g., genetic, ecological). In...
Sunlight, season, snowmelt, storm, and source affect E. coli populations in an artificially ponded stream
R.L. Whitman, K. Przybyla-Kelly, D.A. Shively, M.B. Nevers, M.N. Byappanahalli
2008, Science of the Total Environment (390) 448-455
Reducing fecal indicator bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), in streams is important for many downstream areas. E. coli concentrations within streams may be reduced by intervening ponds or wetlands through a number of physical and biological means. A section of Dunes Creek, a small coastal stream of southern...
A comparative analysis of simulated and observed landslide locations triggered by Hurricane Camille in Nelson County, Virginia
M.M. Morrissey, G. F. Wieczorek, B. A. Morgan
2008, Hydrological Processes (22) 524-531
In 1969, Nelson County, Virginia received up to 71 cm of rain within 12 h starting at 7 p.m. on August 19. The total rainfall from the storm exceeded the 1000-year return period in the region. Several thousands of landslides were induced by rainfall associated with Hurricane Camille causing fatalities...
HiRISE observations of fractured mounds: Possible Martian pingos
Colin M. Dundas, Michael T. Mellon, Alfred S. McEwen, Alexandra Lefort, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, Nicolas Thomas
2008, Geophysical Research Letters (35)
Early images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera have revealed small fractured mounds in the Martian mid‐latitudes. HiRISE resolves fractures on the mound surfaces, indicating uplift, and shows that the mound surface material resembles that of the surrounding landscape. Analysis of Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images shows...
A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate
M.-N. Croteau, S. N. Luoma
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 1801-1806
Aquatic organisms accumulate metals from dissolved and particulate phases. Dietborne metal uptake likely prevails in nature, but the physiological processes governing metal bioaccumulation from diet are not fully understood. We characterize dietborne copper, cadmium, and nickel uptake by a freshwater gastropod (Lymnaea stagnalis) both in terms of biodynamics and membrane...
Revisiting the 1872 Owens Valley, California, Earthquake
S. E. Hough, K. Hutton
2008, Conference Paper, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
The 26 March 1872 Owens Valley earthquake is among the largest historical earthquakes in California. The felt area and maximum fault displacements have long been regarded as comparable to, if not greater than, those of the great San Andreas fault earthquakes of 1857 and 1906, but mapped surface ruptures of...
Lesser snow geese and ross's geese form mixed flocks during winter but differ in family maintenance and social status
J.E. Jonsson, A. D. Afton
2008, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (120) 725-731
Smaller species are less likely to maintain families (or other forms of social groups) than larger species and are more likely to be displaced in competition with larger species. We observed mixed-species flocks of geese in southwest Louisiana and compared frequencies of social groups and success in social encounters of...
Quasi-periodic bedding in the sedimentary rock record of mars
Kevin W. Lewis, Oded Aharonson, John P. Grotzinger, Randolph L. Kirk, Alfred S. McEwen, Terry-Ann Suer
2008, Science (322) 1532-1535
Widespread sedimentary rocks on Mars preserve evidence of surface conditions different from the modern cold and dry environment, although it is unknown how long conditions favorable to deposition persisted. We used 1-meter stereo topographic maps to demonstrate the presence of rhythmic bedding at several outcrops in the Arabia Terra region....
Measuring the performance of two stationary interrogation systems for detecting downstream and upstream movement of PIT-tagged salmonids
P.J. Connolly, I.G. Jezorek, K.D. Martens, E.F. Prentice
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 402-417
We tested the performance of two stationary interrogation systems designed for detecting the movement of fish with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. These systems allowed us to determine the direction of fish movement with high detection efficiency and high precision in a dynamic stream environment. We describe an indirect method...
Experimental evidence of vocal recognition in young and adult black-legged kittiwakes
Herve Mulard, T. Aubin, J.F. White, Scott A. Hatch, E. Danchin
2008, Animal Behaviour (76) 1855-1861
Individual recognition is required in most social interactions, and its presence has been confirmed in many species. In birds, vocal cues appear to be a major component of recognition. Curiously, vocal recognition seems absent or limited in some highly social species such as the black-legged <a title="Learn more about Kittiwake from...
A survey of the indigenous microbiota (bacteria) in three species of mussels from the Clinch and Holston Rivers, Virginia
Clifford E. Starliper, Richard J. Neves, Shane D. Hanlon, Pamela Whittington
2008, Journal of Shellfish Research (27) 1311-1317
Freshwater mussel conservation efforts by many federal and state agencies have increased in recent years. This has led to a greater number of stream surveys, in which mussel die-offs involving high numbers of dead and moribund animals are being observed and reported with greater frequency. Typically, die-offs have...
Thiamine and fatty acid content of Lake Michigan Chinook salmon
D. C. Honeyfield, A. K. Peters, M.L. Jones
2008, Journal of Great Lakes Research (34) 581-589
Nutritional status of Lake Michigan Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is inadequately documented. An investigation was conducted to determine muscle and liver thiamine content and whole body fatty acid composition in small, medium and large Chinook salmon. Muscle and liver thiamine concentrations were highest in small salmon, and tended to decrease...
Influence of Harbor construction on downcoast morphological evolution: Santa Barbara, California
D.L. Revell, P.L. Barnard, N. Mustain, C. D. Storlazzi
2008, Conference Paper, Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008 - Proceedings of the Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008
Sand impoundment caused by construction of the Santa Barbara Harbor in the 1920s, created an erosion wave that impacted downcoast Carpinteria Beach. Historic beach and shoreline changes were analyzed to understand continuing erosion using a combination of historic air photos, lidar, and physical measurements. The long-term analyses show a clockwise...
Monte Carlo method for determining earthquake recurrence parameters from short paleoseismic catalogs: Example calculations for California
T. Parsons
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (113)
Paleoearthquake observations often lack enough events at a given site to directly define a probability density function (PDF) for earthquake recurrence. Sites with fewer than 10-15 intervals do not provide enough information to reliably determine the shape of the PDF using standard maximum-likelihood techniques (e.g., Ellsworth et al., 1999). In...
Erosion properties of cohesive sediments in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon
R. Akahori, M.W. Schmeeckle, D.J. Topping, T.S. Melis
2008, River Research and Applications (24) 1160-1174
Cohesive sediment deposits characterized by a high fraction of mud (silt plus clay) significantly affect the morphology and ecosystem of rivers. Potentially cohesive sediment samples were collected from deposits in the Colorado River in Marble and Grand Canyons. The erosion velocities of these samples were measured in a laboratory flume...
